An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 9 Search : third
Bohr's third postulate
  فراوس ِ سوم ِ بؤر   
farâvas-e sevom-e Bohr

Fr.: troisième postulat de Bohr   

One of the postulates used in the → Bohr model, whereby the atom emits (absorbs) a quantum of electromagnetic energy (→ photon) when the electron passes from an orbit with a greater (lesser) n value to one with a lesser (greater) value. The energy of the quantum is equal to the difference between the energies of the electron on its orbits before and after the transition or "jump": hν = ε1 - ε2, where h is the → Planck's constant and ν the frequency of the transition.

Bohr; → third; → postulate.

Kepler's third law
  قانون ِ سوم ِ کپلر   
qânun-e sevom-e Kepler (#)

Fr.: troisième loi de Kepler   

The ratio between the square of a planet's → orbital period (P) to the cube of the mean distance from the Sun (a) is the same for all planets: P2a3 (year 1618). More accurately, P2 = (4π2a3) / [G(M1 + M2)], where M1 and M2 are the masses of the two orbiting objects in → solar masses and G is the → gravitational constant. In our solar system M1 = 1. The → semi-major axis size (a is expressed in → astronomical units and the period (P) is measured in years.

Kepler; → third; → law.

Newton's third law of motion
  سومین قانون ِ نیوتنی ِ جنبش   
sevomin qânun-e Newtoni-ye jonbeš (#)

Fr.: troisième loi newtonienne de mouvement   

In a system where no external forces are present, every action force is always opposed by an equal and opposite reaction.

Newton; → third; → law; → motion.

principle of excluded third
  پروز ِ سومی سکلانده   
parvaz-e sevomi sokalândé

Fr.: principe du tiers exclu   

Same as → principle of excluded middle.

principle; → exclude; → third.

third
  سوم   
sevom (#)

Fr.: troisième   

Next after the second; the ordinal number for three. → Newton's third law of motion; → third contact; → third dredge-up; → third law of thermodynamics.

M.E. thirde, O.E. (north) thirda, variant of ridda, from P.Gmc. *thridjas (cf. O.Fris. thredda, O.S. thriddio, M.L.G. drudde, Du. derde, O.H.G. dritto, Ger. dritte, Goth. thridja).

Sevom, ordinal number for , → three.

third contact
  پرماس ِ سوم   
parmâs-e sevom

Fr.: troisième contact   

The end of the total phase of a solar eclipse marked by the trailing edge of the Moon first revealing the Sun.

third; → contact.

third dredge-up
  برونکشید ِ سوم   
borunkešid-e sevom

Fr.: troisième dragage   

A → dredge-up process that occurs in the stellar interior during He shell burning, as in → asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. These stars consist of a degenerate carbon-oxygen core, surrounded by a helium-rich region, above which lies a hydrogen-rich convective envelope. Following thermal pulses of the helium-burning shell, the convective envelope moves inward in mass, penetrating the hydrogen-exhausted regions. This is known as third dredge-up. As convection moves inward, nuclear processed materials are carried to the surface.

third; → dredge-up.

third law of thermodynamics
  قانون ِ سوم ِ گرماتوانیک   
qânun-e sevom-e garmâtavânik

Fr.: troisième loi de la thermodynamique   

The → entropy of an idealized state of maximum order is zero at the temperature of → absolute zero. Another version of this law: As a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value.

third; → law; → thermodynamics.

third quarter
  چارک ِ سوم   
cârak-e sevom

Fr.: troisième quartier   

The phase of the Moon when half the visible disk of the waning Moon is illuminated. This quarter occurs when the celestial longitude of the Moon is 270° greater than the Sun's.

third; → quarter.