An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 6 Search : thermodynamics
first law of thermodynamics
  قانون ِ نخست ِ گرماتوانیک   
qânun-e naxost-e garâtavânik

Fr.: première loi de la thermodynamique   

The total energy of a → closed system is constant. This means that energy can be changed from one form to another, or transferred from one system to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. A mathematical formulation of the first law is: δQ = δU + δW, where δQ is the heat transferred to the system, δU the change in internal energy (resulting in a rise or fall of temperature), and δW is the work done by the system.

first; → law; → thermodynamics.

second law of thermodynamics
  قانون ِ دوم ِ گرماتوانیک   
qânun-e dovom-e garmâtavânik

Fr.: deuxième loi de la thermodynamique   

1) Heat cannot be transferred from a colder to a hotter body without some other effect, i.e. without → work being done. Expressed in terms of → entropy: the entropy of an → isolated system tends toward a maximum and its available energy tends toward a minimum.
2) In language of → statistical physics, an isolated physical system will tend toward an equilibrium → macrostate with as large a total → entropy as possible, because then the number of → microstates is the largest. See also → Kelvin's postulate, → Clausius's postulate.

second; → law; → thermodynamics.

statistical thermodynamics
  گرماتوانیک ِ آماری   
garmâtavânik-e âmâri

Fr.: thermodynamique statistique   

Same as → statistical mechanics.

statistical; → thermodynamics.

thermodynamics
  گرماتوانیک   
garmâtavânik

Fr.: thermodynamique   

A branch of physics concerned with the relations between heat and other forms of energy and how these affect temperature, pressure, volume, mechanical action, and work.

thermo-; → dynamics, coined by the Scottish physicist William Thomson (Lord Kelvin, 1824-1907), in 1849.

third law of thermodynamics
  قانون ِ سوم ِ گرماتوانیک   
qânun-e sevom-e garmâtavânik

Fr.: troisième loi de la thermodynamique   

The → entropy of an idealized state of maximum order is zero at the temperature of → absolute zero. Another version of this law: As a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value.

third; → law; → thermodynamics.

zeroth law of thermodynamics
  قانون ِ صفرُم ِ گرماتوانیک   
qânun-e sefrom-e garmâtavânik

Fr.: loi zéro de la thermodynamique   

Two objects that are in → thermal equilibrium with a third object will be in thermal equilibrium with each other.

zero; → law; → thermodynamics.