An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13 Search : work
electrical network
  توربست ِ برقی   
turbast-e barqi

Fr.: réseau électrique   

An arrangement of the various electrical energy sources with interconnected electrical devices.

electric; → network.

external work
  کار ِ بیرونی   
kâr-e biruni

Fr.: travail externe   

The work done by a thermodynamic system as it expands against its surrounding environment. It is equal to ∫pdV, where p is the applied external pressure and V the volume, integrated from the initial V1 to final V2.

external; → work.

GCN: The Gamma-ray Coordinates Network
  توربست ِ هماراهای ِ پرتوهای ِ گاما   
turbast-e hamârâhâ-ye partowhâ-ye gâmâ

Fr.: Le réseau des coordonnées des rayons gamma   

A follow-up community network concerned with → gamma-ray burst (GRB)s. It deals with: 1) locations of GRBs and other → transients detected by spacecraft (most in real-time while the GRB is still bursting), and 2) reports of follow-up observations (the Circulars) made by ground-based and space-based optical, radio, X-ray, TeV, and other observers. The GCN Circulars allow the GRB follow-up community to make optimum use of its limited resources (labor and telescope time) by communicating what has already been done or will soon be done.

gamma ray; → coordinate; → network.

internal work
  کار ِ درونی   
kâr-e daruni (#)

Fr.: travail interne   

Work done in separating the molecules of a system against their forces of attraction. Its value is zero for an → ideal gas.

internal; → work.

network
  توربست   
turbast

Fr.: réseau   

Any net-like combination of elements in a system; an interconnection of several communicating entities.

O.E. net "mesh," from P.Gmc. *natjan (cf. Du. net, Swed. nät, O.H.G. nezzi, Ger. Netz, Goth. nati "net"), originally "something knotted," from PIE *ned- "to twist, knot" (cf. L. nodus "knot;" Skt. nahyati "binds, ties") + → work.

Turbast literally "joined, tied by a net," from tur "net, fishing net, snare," related to târ "thread, warp, string," tâl "thread" (Borujerdi dialect), tân "thread, warp of a web," from tanidan, tan- "to spin, twist, weave" (Mid.Pers. tanitan; Av. tan- to stretch, extend;" cf. Skt. tan- to stretch, extend;" tanoti "stretches," tántra- "warp; essence, main point;" Gk. teinein "to stretch, pull tight;" L. tendere "to stretch;" Lith. tiñklas "net, fishing net, snare," Latv. tikls "net;" PIE base *ten- "to stretch") + bast "joined, tied," from bastan, vastan "to bind, shut" (O.Pers./Av. band- "to bind, fetter," banda- "band, tie" (cf. Skt. bandh- "to bind, tie, fasten;" PIE *bhendh- "to bind;" Ger. binden; E. bind).

virtual work
  کار ِ ویر‌آگین   
kâr-e virâgin

Fr.: travail virtuel   

In → analytical mechanics, an element of work performed in a → virtual displacement by the → forces acting on all n particles of a → holonomic system with s degrees of freedom (→ degree of freedom).

virtual; → work.

virtual work principle
  پروز ِ کار ِ ویر‌آگین   
parvaz-e kâr-e virâgin

Fr.: principe du travail virtuel   

In → analytical mechanics, a principle whereby it is necessary and sufficient for the equilibrium of any material system with ideal constraints that the sum of the elements of work, performed by the applied forces acting on the system in any virtual displacement, be equal to zero (if all constraints are bilateral) or less than zero (if some of the constraints are unilateral).

virtual; → work; → principle.

work
  کار   
kâr (#)

Fr.: travail   

If a force F acting on a body moves its point of application through a distance r, the work is defined by the product F.r.cosθ, where θ is the angle between the line of action of the force and the displacement. Work can be positive, negative, or zero.

M.E.; O.E. weorc, worc "something done, action, military fortification," from P.Gmc. *werkan (cf. O.S., O.Fris., Du. werk, O.N. verk, O.H.G. werah, Ger. Werk), from PIE base *werg- "to work;" cognate with Pers. varz-, varzidan "to labor, practise," → erg.

Kâr "work," Mid.Pers kâr; Mod./Mid.Pers. kardan "to do, to work," Mid.Pers. kardan; O.Pers./Av. kar- "to do, make, build," Av. kərənaoiti "he makes;" cf. Skt. kr- "to do, to make," krnoti "he makes, he does," karoti "he makes, he does," karma "act, deed;" PIE base kwer- "to do, to make."

work function
  کریای ِ کار   
karyâ-ye kâr

Fr.: travail d'extraction   

The least amount of energy required to remove an electron from the surface of a solid, to a point just outside the solid where the electron has zero kinetic energy. See also → photoelectric effect.

work; → function.

work-energy principle
  پروَز ِ کار-کاروژ   
parvaz-e kâr-kâruž

Fr.: principe travail-énergie   

The → work of the resultant force exerted on a particle equals the change in kinetic energy of the particle.

work; → energy; → principle.

working group
  کار-گروه   
kâr-goruh (#)

Fr.: groupe de travail   

A group of people working together to achieve a stated goal.

work; → -ing; → group.

working surface
  زنار ِ اندر-آژیرش   
zonâr-e andar-âžireš

Fr.: zone d'interaction   

The double shock structure formed in any two fluids that collide supersonically. A working surface consists of two → shocks, a → bow shock where the ambient material is shocked and accelerated, and a jet shock or → Mach disk, where the → jet material is decelerated. It is common to find multiple working surfaces along the axis of an → Herbig-Haro jet, testifying to recurrent eruptions of the underlying source.

work; → -ing; → surface.

workshop
  کارگاه   
kârgâh (#)

Fr.: atelier   

1) A place where manual work is done, especially manufacturing or repairing.
2) A group of people working on a creative project, discussing a topic, or studying a subject.

work + shop M.E. shoppe, O.E. sceoppa; cf. O.H.G. scopf "porch," Ger. Schuppen "a shed").

Kârgâh "workshop," from kâr, → work, + gâh "place; time" (Mid.Pers. gâh, gâs "time;" O.Pers. gāθu-; Av. gātav-, gātu- "place, throne, spot;" cf. Skt. gâtu- "going, motion; free space for moving; place of abode;" PIE *gwem- "to go, come").