An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
extended object
  بر‌آخت ِ استنیده   
barâxt-e ostanidé

Fr.: objet étendu   

An object whose angular size exceeds the resolution of the instrument used to observe it.

extended; → object.

extended source
  خن ِ استنیده   
xan-e ostanidé

Fr.: source étendue   

In radio astronomy, a source whose angular extent could be measured, as distinguished from a point source.

extended; → source.

extension
  استنش   
ostaneš (#)

Fr.: extension   

1) An act or instance of extending; the state of being extended.
2) Physics: That property of a body by which it occupies space.
3) Math.: A field F is said to be an extension of a field K if K is a subfield of F.
4) Logic: The sum of all individuals or objects to which the comprehension of a term is applied. For example, the extension of the term "dog" is the set of all (past, present and future) dogs in the world.

Verbal noun of → extend.

extent
  استنه   
ostane

Fr.: étendu   

The range over which a thing extends; length, area, volume, or scope.

extension.

exterior
  ۱) برونی؛ ۲) برون   
1) boruni (#); 2) borun (#)

Fr.: extérieur   

1) Outer; being on the outer side; situated or being outside, which is outside.
2) Outside; an exterior part or surface.

From L. exterior "outward, outer, exterior," comparative of exterus "on the outside, outward, outer, foreign," itself a comparative of → ex- "out of."

Boruni, from borun, variant of birun "out, the outside," → out.

exterior angle
  زاویه‌ی ِ برونی   
zâviye-ye boruni

Fr.: angle extérieur   

1) Any of the four angles that do not include a region of the space between two lines intersected by a third straight line (→ transversal).
2) The angle between any side and an extension of an adjacent side of a polygon.

exterior; → angle.

external
  بیرونی   
biruni (#)

Fr.: externe   

Of or pertaining to the outside or outer part.

M.E., from M.Fr. externe or directly from L. externus "outside, outward," from exterus, a comparative of → ex-, + → -al.

Biruni, adj. from birun "out, the outside," → out.

external photoelectric effect
  اسکر ِ شید-برقی ِ برونی   
oskar-e šid-barqi-ye boruni

Fr.: effet photoélectrique externe   

The → photoelectric effect in solids where free electrons are emitted from the surface of a substance (e.g., → semiconductor) when radiation of appropriate frequency falls on it. Also called → photoemissive effect.

external; → photoelectric; → effect.

external work
  کار ِ بیرونی   
kâr-e biruni

Fr.: travail externe   

The work done by a thermodynamic system as it expands against its surrounding environment. It is equal to ∫pdV, where p is the applied external pressure and V the volume, integrated from the initial V1 to final V2.

external; → work.

externalization
  برونش   
boruneš

Fr.: extériorisation   

Verbal noun of → externalize.

externalize + → -tion.

externalize
  برونیدن   
borunidan

Fr.: intériorisation   

1) To make external; embody in an outward form.
2) To regard or treat as being caused by externals; attribute to external causes (Dictionary.com).

external + → -ize.

extinction
  خاموشی   
xâmuši (#)

Fr.: extinction   

1) Dimming of light by an intervening medium (the Earth's atmosphere or the interstellar medium). It is usually due to both scattering and absorption.
2) Paleontology: The act or process of dying out or coming to an end, becoming extinct: the extinction of a species; → mass extinction.

Noun of extinct, from L. extinctus, p.p. of extinguere "to quench, wipe out," from → ex- "out" + stinguere "to quench," from PIE base *steig- "to prick, stick, pierce;" cf. Mod.Pers. tiz, tež, tig, tej, tij, tiq "sharp;" Av. tiγra- "pointed," tiγray- "arrow;" → deblur.

Xâmuši, noun of xâmuš "extinguished; silent," Mid.Pers. xâmôš "silent;" cf. Skt. amrs- "to bear patiently."

extinction coefficient
  همگر ِ خاموشی   
hamgar-e xâmuši

Fr.: coefficient d'extinction   

Gradient of apparent magnitude with air mass.

extinction; → coefficient.

extinction correction
  ارشایش ِ خاموشی   
aršâyeš-e xâmuši

Fr.: correction d'extinction   

In → photometric calibration, the correction for energy loss undergone by radiation due to the → atmospheric extinction. Extinction correction is done using → standard stars observed at different → airmasses.

extinction; → correction.

extinction curve
  خم ِ خاموشی   
xam-e xâmuši

Fr.: courbe de l'extinction interstellaire   

A graph representing the variation of the → interstellar extinction against → wavelength. Usually it displays the → normalized values of extinction as a function of (the → inverse) of the wavelength (in → microns). See, e.g., Sandage & Mathis, 1979, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 17, 73.

extinction; → curve.

extinction stars
  ستارگان ِ خاموشی   
setâregân-e xâmuši

Fr.: étoiles d'extinction   

Stars specifically observed at selected air masses in view of determining the atmospheric extinction coefficients.

extinction; → star.

ExTrA
  اکسترا   
ExTrA

Fr.: ExTrA   

A facility at → European Southern Observatory (ESO)'s → La Silla Observatory funded by the European Research Council and the French Agence National de la Recherche with the purpose of detecting and studying → transiting  → exoplanets. ExTrA will search for Earth-sized planets orbiting nearby → red dwarf stars. It uses three 0.6-metre telescopes. They regularly monitor the amount of light received from many red dwarf stars and look for a slight dip in brightness that could be caused by a planet passing across a star's disk and obscuring some of its light. The three ExTra telescopes collect light from the target star and four comparison stars and that light is then fed through optical fibres into a → multi-object spectrograph. This innovative approach of adding → spectroscopic information to traditional photometry helps mitigate the disruptive effect of Earth's atmosphere, as well as effects introduced by instruments and detectors, thus increasing the precision achievable.

ExTrA, short for Exoplanets in Transits and their Atmospheres, → exoplanet; → transit; → atmosphere.

extra-
  استر-، برون-   
ostar-, borun- (#)

Fr.: extra-   

Prefix meaning "outside; beyond the scope of; in addition to what is used or expected." Also extro-.

M.E., from L. extra, adverb and preposition, "outside, except, beyond," from exter "outward, on the outside."

Ostar-, from os-, → ex-, + -tar comparative suffix (Mid.Pers. -tar; Av. -tara; PIE base *-tero); borun-, from borun "out, the outside" (Mid.Pers. bêron, from "outside, out, away" + rôn "side, direction;" Av. ravan- "(course of a) river").

extract
  ۱) برهنجیدن؛ ۲) برهنجه   
1) barhanjidan; 2) barhanje

Fr.: 1) extraire; 2) extrait   

1a) To draw or pull out, often with great force or effort.
1b) To obtain from a substance by chemical or mechanical action, as by pressure, distillation, or evaporation.
1c) To derive or obtain (information, for example) from a source.
1d) Math.: To determine or calculate (the root of a number).
2) Something extracted (FreeDictionary.com).

From L. extractus, p.p. of extrahere "to draw out," from → ex-"out, out of" + trahere "to draw" "to pull, draw," from PIE root *tragh- "to draw, drag, move."

Barhanjidan, from bar- "on; upon; against; before; at; in," → object, + hanjidan "to draw, to pull," variants âxtan, âhixtan, âhiz-, halanjidan, lenjidan; Mid.Pers. âhynj- "to draw up," other Pers. cognate sanjidan, farhang, nehang, etc.; ultimately from prefixed (*a-) Proto-Ir. *θanj- "to pull, draw;" Av. θanj- "to pull, to draw."

extraction
  برهنجش   
barhanješ

Fr.: extraction   

1) The act of extracting or the condition of being extracted.
2) Something obtained by extracting; an extract (FreeDictionary.com).

extract; → -tion.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>