An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
heterodyne
  هترودین   
heterodin (#)

Fr.: hétérodyne   

1) Denoting a device or method of combining two → electromagnetic waves of different → frequency (a locally generated wave and an incoming wave) in a → nonlinear device to produce two frequencies which are equal to the → sum and → difference of the first two. The phenomenon is the counterpart of → beats produced by → sound waves. For example, heterodyning a 100-kHz and a 10-kHz signal will produce a 110-KHz and a 90-kHz signal. See also → homodyne.
2) The term heterodyne is often loosely used instead of → superheterodyne in the radio frequency field.

Heterodyne, from → hetero- + -dyne, from Gk. dynamicsdynamics; → receiver.

heterodyne interferometer
  اندرزنش‌سنج ِ هترودینی   
andarzaneš-sanj-e heterodini

Fr.: interféromètre hétérodyne   

An → interferometer using a technique that involves introducing a small → frequency shift between the optical frequencies of the two interfering light beams. This results in an intensity modulation at the → beat frequency of the two beams for any given point of the → interference pattern. A convenient way of introducing such a frequency shift is by means of an acousto-optic modulator.

heterodyne; → interferometer.

heterodyne receiver
  گیرنده‌ی ِ هترودینی   
girande-ye heterodini (#)

Fr.: récepteur hétérodyne   

superheterodyne receiver.

heterodyne; → receiver.

heterodyne technique
  تشنیک ِ هترودین   
tašnik-e heterodin

Fr.: technique hétérodyne   

superheterodyne technique.

heterodyne; → technique.

heterogeneity
  دگرگنی   
degargeni

Fr.: hétérogénéité   

The quality or state of being → heterogeneous. See also → homogeneity, → inhomogeneity.

Noun from → heterogeneous.

heterogeneous
  دگرگن   
degargen

Fr.: hétérogène   

1) Composed of parts of different kinds; having widely dissimilar elements or constituents. See also → homogeneous, → inhomogeneous.
2) Chemistry: A mixture that does not have uniform composition and properties throughout; composed of different substances or the same substance in different phases.

hetero- + -genous, → homogeneous.

heterosphere
  دگرسپهر   
degarsepehr

Fr.: hétérosphère   

Based on chemical composition, the atmosphere is divided into two broad layers: the → homosphere and the heterosphere. The heterosphere has heterogeneous chemical composition, with layered structure, of nitrogen, oxygen, helium, and hydrogen, respectively. The heterosphere begins from about 90 km from the Earth's surface and extends to space.

hetero-; → shere.

heuristic
  یافتیک   
yâftik

Fr.: heuristique   

Methodology, Math.: Pertaining to a method of analyzing outcome through comparison to previously recognized patterns in the absence of an → algorithm for formal proof.

From L. heuristicus (from Gk. heuretikos "inventive," related to heuriskein "to find," from heur-) + -isticus, → -ic.

Yâftik, from yâft past tense of yâftan, yâb- "to → find" + -ik, → -ic.

hexa-
  شش-   
šeš- (#)

Fr.: hexa-   

A prefix meaning → six. → hexagon.

six.

hexagon
  شش‌بر، شش‌گوش   
šešbar (#), šešguš (#)

Fr.: hexagone   

A six-sided → polygon.

hexa-; → -gon;.

HgMn star
  ستاره‌ی ِ HgMn   
setâre-ye HgMn

Fr.: étoile HgMn   

A → chemically peculiar star of late → B-types. The most distinctive features of HgMn stars are extreme atmospheric overabundance of Hg (up to 5 dex) and of Mn (up to 3 dex). The origin of abundance anomalies observed in late B-type stars with HgMn peculiarity is still poorly understood. More than two thirds of the HgMn stars are known to belong to spectroscopic binaries with a preference of orbital periods ranging from 3 to 20 days (Hurbig et al., 2012, arXiv:1208.2910).

Hg, → mercury; Mn, → manganese; → star. mercury-manganese

Hickson Compact Group (HCG)
  گروه ِ همپک ِ هیکسون   
goruh-e hampak-e Hickson

Fr.: groupe compact de Hickson   

A list of 100 compact groups of galaxies that were identified by a systematic search of the → Palomar Observatory Sky Survey red prints. Each group contains four or more galaxies, has an estimated mean surface brightness brighter than 26.0 magnitude per arcsec2 and satisfies an isolation criterion.

Hickson, Paul, 1982, ApJ 255, 382; → compact; → group.

hidden
  پنهان   
penhân (#)

Fr.: caché   

Being out of sight; concealed.

From M.E., from O.E. hydan, from W.Gmc. *khuthjanan, from PIE *keudh- (cf. Gk. keuthein "to hide, conceal"), from base *(s)keu- "to cover, conceal."

Penhân "hidden," from Mid.Pers. pad nihân, from pad "to, at, for, in" (from O.Pers. paity; Av. paiti "to, toward, in, at;" cf. Skt. práti; Gk. poti) + nihân "concealment, secrecy, hiding place" (Mod.Pers. nahân), from Proto-Iranian *ni-dāna-, from ni- "down; into," → ni- (PIE), + dā- "to put; to establish; to give" (dadâiti "he gives;" cf. Skt. dadâti "he gives;" Gk. didomi "I give;" L. do "I give;" PIE base *do- "to give").

hidden mass
  جرم ِ پنهان   
jerm-e penhân (#)

Fr.: masse cachée   

Same as → missing mass, → non-luminous matter, or → dark matter.

hidden; → mass.

hidden variable
  ورتنده‌ی ِ پنهان   
vartande-ye penhân

Fr.: variable caché   

A theory based on the hypothesis that the discrepancies with respect to classical reality found in → quantum mechanics stem from our lack of knowledge about the observed system (→ EPR paradox). According to this hypothesis, the system should be described by additional quantum parameters, of still unknown nature, but different from position, velocity, spin, etc. The hidden variable theory has been ruled out by the violation of → Bell's inequality for all theories with local property, as suggested by the → Aspect experiment.

hidden; → variable.

hierarchical
  پایگانی   
pâygâni

Fr.: hiérarchique   

Of, belonging to, or characteristic of a hierarchy. → hierarchical clustering; → hierarchical cosmology; → hierarchical multiple system; → hierarchical structure formation.

hierarchy; → -al.

hierarchical clustering
  خوشه‌بندی ِ پایگانی   
xušé bandi-ye pâygâni

Fr.: groupement hiérarchique   

A model in which a system of self-gravitating particles will gradually aggregate into larger and larger gravitationally bound groups and clusters.

hierarchical; → clustering.

hierarchical cosmology
  کیهان‌شناسی ِ پایگانی   
keyhânšenâsi-ye pâygâni

Fr.: cosmologie hiérarchique   

A cosmology characterized by clustering of galaxy clusters in increasingly larger systems.

hierarchical; → cosmology.

hierarchical multiple system
  راژمان ِ بستایی ِ پایگانی   
râžmân-e bastâyi-ye pâygâni

Fr.: système multiple hiérarchique   

A → multiple star system in which the stars can be divided into two groups, each of which traverses a larger orbit around the system's center of mass. Each of these smaller groups must also be hierarchical, which means that they must be divided into smaller subgroups which themselves are hierarchical, and so on. Hierarchical multiple systems have long-term dynamical stability.

hierarchical; → multiple; → system.

hierarchical structure formation
  دیسش ِ ساختار ِ پایگانی   
diseš-e sâxtâr-e pâygâni

Fr.: formation de structures hiérarchiques   

A cosmological → structure formation model in which the smallest gravitationally bound structures (→ quasars and galaxies) form first, followed by → groups, → galaxy clusters, and → superclusters of galaxies.

hierarchical; → structure; → formation.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>