An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Moon formation
  دیسش ِ مانگ   
diseš-e Mâng

Fr.: formation de la Lune   

Any of several theories about how the → Moon originated, among which: → fission theory, → capture theory, → co-formation theory, and → giant impact hypothesis. The model that is best supported by all the available data is the giant impact hypothesis. See also → canonical model.

lunar; → formation.

Moon halo
  هاله‌ی ِ ماه   
hâle-ye mâh (#)

Fr.: halo de la lune   

Same as → lunar halo.

Moon; → halo.

Moon's age
  ۱) کهن‌روزی ِ ماه؛ ۲) سن ِ ماه   
1) kohan-ruzi-ye mâh; 2) senn-e mâh

Fr.: âge de la lune   

1) The number of days that have elapsed since the last → conjunction of the Sun and Moon. It is 7 days at → first quarter, 15 days at → full moon, and 22 days at → third quarter.
2) The time past since the → formation of the Moon.

Moon; → age.

1) Kohan-ruzi literally "age in days," from kohan-ruz "old in days," from kohan "old, ancient," kohné "worn;" Mid.Pers. kahwan "old, aged, worn;" pir; Mid.Pers. pir "old, aged, ancient;" Av. parô (adv.) "before, before (of time)," in front (of space); cf. Skt. puáh, combining form of puras "before (of time and place), in front, in advance;" mâh, → Moon.
2) Senn, → age.

Moon's apsidal precession
  پیشایان ِ هباکی ِ مانگ   
pišâyân-e habâki-ye mâng

Fr.: précession absidiale de la Lune   

The → rotation of the Moon's → orbit within the → orbital plane, whereby the axes of the ellipse change direction. The Moon's → major axis makes one complete revolution every 8.85 Earth years, or 3,232.6054 days, as it rotates slowly in the same direction as the Moon itself (direct, or → prograde motion). The Moon's apsidal precession is a → relativistic effect, and should not be confused with its → axial procession.

Moon; → apsidal; → precession.

Moon's prime meridian
  نیمروزان ِ نخستی ِ مانگ   
nimruzân-e naxosti-ye Mâng

Fr.: méridien origine de la lune   

The line connecting the Moon's north pole with its south pole, and passing through the center of the lunar disk. The longitude of the Moon's prime meridian is zero degrees.

Moon; → prime meridian.

moonbow
  ماه‌کمان   
mâhkamân

Fr.: arc en ciel lunaire   

A rainbow that arises from the refraction and reflection of moonlight on rain drops or mist.

moon; → bow.

moonlet
  مانگچه   
mângcé

Fr.: satellite mineur, lune mineure   

A very small natural or artificial satellite orbiting a planet. Saturn has dozens of moonlets often associated with its → planetary rings.

moon; → -let.

moonlet wake
  کل ِ مانگچه   
kel-e mângcé

Fr.: sillage de lune mineure   

Local disturbances in the ring structure caused by the gravitational influence of embedded satellites. If the satellite (moonlet) is large enough to clear a gap in the rings, the moonlet wakes become edge waves that precede the satellite on the inner edge and trail the satellite on the outer edge. For smaller satellites, the "gap-less" wakes have been nicknamed propellors (Ellis et al., 2007, Planetary Ring Systems, Springer).

moonlet; → wake.

moonlight
  مهتاب   
mahtâb (#)

Fr.: clair de lune   

The light of the Moon.

From → moon + → light.

Mahtâb (Gilaki mângtâb) from mah, mâh (mâng), → moon, + tâb "light," from tâbidan, tâftan "to shine," tafsidan "to become hot" (Av. tāp-, taf- "to warm up, heat," tafsat "became hot," tāpaiieiti "to create warmth;" cf. Skt. tap- "to spoil, injure, damage; to suffer; to heat, be/become hot," tapati "burns;" L. tepere "to be warm," tepidus "warm;" PIE base *tep- "warm").

moonquake
  مانگ-لرزه   
mâng-larze

Fr.: tremblement de lune   

A → seismic event occurring on the → Moon; the lunar equivalent of an → earthquake. Moonquakes were first detected by the → seismometers placed on the Moon by Apollo astronauts from 1969 through 1972. The instruments placed by the Apollo 12, 14, 15, and 16 missions were functional until 1977. Unlike earthquakes, moonquakes are not believed to be caused by → tectonic plate movement, but by → tidal forces between Earth and the Moon. There are at least four different kinds of moonquakes: (1) deep moonquakes about 700 km below the surface. They occur at monthly intervals at about 100 distinct sites, indicating that these moonquakes are caused by → stresses from changes in lunar tides as the Moon orbits the Earth; (2) vibrations from the impact of → meteorites; (3) thermal quakes caused by the expansion of the frigid crust when first illuminated by the morning sun after two weeks of deep-freeze lunar night; and (4) shallow moonquakes only 20 or 30 km below the surface (science.nasa.gov/science-news).

moon; → quake.

moonrise
  بر‌آمد ِ ماه   
barâmad-e mâh (#)

Fr.: lever de la lune   

The times at which the apparent upper limb of the ascending Moon is on the astronomical horizon.

moon; → rise.

moonset
  فروشد ِ مانگ   
forušod-e mâng (#)

Fr.: coucher de la lune   

The crossing of the visible horizon by the upper limb of the descending Moon.

moon; → set.

moonset lag
  لک ِ فروشد ِ مانگ   
lek-e forušod-e mâng

Fr.: retard du coucher de la lune   

The delay between → sunset and → moonset.

moonset; → lag.

Mordor
  موردور   
Mordor

Fr.: Mordor   

A unique feature of → Pluto's large satellite → Charon. It appears as a dark reddish area about 475 km in diameter in Charon's north polar region, as revealed in → New Horizons' approach images. It has been proposed that the feature is due to gas from Pluto. A part of Pluto's → atmosphere (→ methane molecules) is transiently cold-trapped and processed at Charon's winter pole (W. M. Grundy et al., 2016, Nature, 14 September).

Unofficial name.

Moreton wave
  موج ِ مورتون   
mowj-e Moreton

Fr.: onde de Moreton   

A large-scale → shock wave observed in Hα on the Sun's → chromosphere that is generated by the impact of a → solar flare. Moreton waves expand outward at about 1,000 km/s, and may travel for several hundred thousand kilometers. They are accompanied by meter-wave radio bursts.

Named after the American astronomer Gail E. Moreton (1960, A.J. 65, 494); → wave.

Morgan-Keenan classification
  رده‌بندی ِ مورگان-کینان   
radebandi-ye Morgan-Keenan (#)

Fr.: classification de Morgan-Keenan   

A system of → spectral classification introduced in 1943 by William W. Morgan (1906-1994), Philip C. Keenan (1908-2000), and Edith M. Kellman (1911-2007) at Yerkes Observatory. Also known as the MK (or MKK) classification or the → Yerkes system.

Named after the two main astronomers, as above; → classification.

morning
  بامداد   
bâmdâd (#)

Fr.: matin   

The first part or period of the day, extending from dawn, or from midnight, to noon. Not a precise astronomical term.

From M.E. morn, morwen, from O.E. margen earlier morgen (cf. O.H.G. morgen, Goth. maurgins) + → -ing.

Bâmdâd, from Mid.Pers. bâmdâd "morning, dawn," from bâm "beam of light, splendor," bâmik "brilliant" (from Av. *bāma- "light," bāmya- "light, luminous, bright," vīspô.bāma- "all resplendent," from bā- "to shine;" cf. Skt. bhāti- "light, splendor") + dâd "given," from dâdan "to give" (O.Pers./Av. dā- "to give, grant, yield," dadāiti "he gives;" Skt. dadáti "he gives;" Gk. tithenai "to place, put, set," didomi "I give;" L. dare "to give, offer," facere "to do, to make;" Rus. delat' "to do;" O.H.G. tuon, Ger. tun, O.E. don "to do;" PIE base *dhe- "to put, to do").

morning star
  روجا، ستاره‌ی ِ بامداد   
rujâ (#), setâre-ye bâmdâd (#)

Fr.: étoile du matin   

Not actually a star, but the planet Venus shining brightly in the east just before or at sunrise. Opposed to → evening star.

morning; → star.

Rujâ "morning star" in Tabari, "star" in Gilaki. This word is a variant of official Pers. ruz "day," since in Tabari and Gilaki the phoneme z is sometimes changed into j, as in rujin = rowzan "window" and jir or jer = zir "under." Therefore it is related to rowšan "bright, clear," rowzan "window, aperture;" foruq "light," afruxtan "to light, kindle;" Mid.Pers. rôšn "light; bright, luminous," rôc "day;" O.Pers. raucah-rocânak "window;" O.Pers. raocah- "light, luminous; daylight;" Av. raocana- "bright, shining, radiant;" akin to Skt. rocaná- "bright, shining," roka- "brightness, light;" Gk. leukos "white, clear;" L. lumen (gen. luminis) "light," from lucere "to shine," related to lux "light," lucidus "clear," luna, "moon;" Fr. lumière "light;" O.E. leoht, leht, from W.Gmc. *leukhtam (cf. O.Fris. liacht, M.Du. lucht, Ger. Licht), from PIE *leuk- "light, brightness;" → morning; → star.

morphism
  ریخت‌مندی   
rixtmandi

Fr.: morphisme   

A → mapping between two → objects in a → category.

morphology; → -ism.

From rixt, → morphology, + -mandi, → ism.

morphologic
  ریخت‌شناختی   
rixtšenâxti (#)

Fr.: morphologique   

Of or relating to → morphology. Same as morphological

morphology; → -ic.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>