An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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aberrate
  بیراهیدن   
birâhidan

Fr.: s'égarer, dévier   

Diverge or deviate from the straight path; produce → aberration.

Aberrate, from aberrare "go astray," from ab- "away" + errare "to wander."

Birâhidan, from birâh "a devious path; a wanderer, who deviates, errs," from bi- "without" + râh "way".

aberration
  بیراهش   
birâheš

Fr.: aberration   

1) An imperfection in the imaging properties of a → lens or → mirror. The main aberrations are → chromatic aberration, → spherical aberration, → coma, → astigmatism, → distortion, and → field curvature.
2) → aberration of starlight.
See also: → aberration angleaberration constanaberration of starlightaberration orbitannual aberrationchromatic aberrationconstant of aberrationdiurnal aberrationoptical aberrationplanetary aberrationrelativistic aberrationsecular aberrationspherical aberrationstellar aberration.

Aberration, from L. aberrationem, from aberrare "go astray," → aberrate.

Birâheš, from birâidan, → aberrate.

aberration angle
  زاویه‌ی ِ بیراهش   
zâviye-ye birâheš

Fr.: angle d'aberration   

The angle tilt required by the → stellar aberration phenomenon in order that a moving telescope points directly to a star.

aberration; → angle.

aberration constant
  پایا‌ی ِ بیراهش   
pâyâ-ye birâheš

Fr.: constante d'aberration   

Same as → constant of aberration.

aberration; → constant.

aberration of light
  بیراهش ِ نور   
birâheš-e nur

Fr.: aberration de la lumière   

aberration of starlight

aberration; → light.

aberration of starlight
  بیراهش ِ نور ِ ستاره   
birâheš-e nur-e setâré

Fr.: aberration de la lumière d'étoile   

An apparent displacement in the observed position of a star. It is a result of the finite speed of light combined with the relative motion of the Earth through space. Suppose that you walk through a vertically falling rain with an umbrella over your head. The faster you walk, the further you must lower the umbrella in front of yourself to prevent the rain from striking your face. For starlight to enter a telescope, a similar phenomenon must occur, because the Earth is in motion. The telescope must be tilted in the direction of motion by an angle: tan θ =(v/c), where v the Earth velocity and c the speed of light. The aberration of starlight was discovered by the English astronomer James Bradley (1693-1762) in 1729 by observing → Gamma Draconis. The tilt angle is θ = 20''.50, from which the Earth's orbital speed, 29.80 km s-1, can be deduced, using the above equation. See also → annual aberration; → diurnal aberration; → secular aberration. → Special relativity modifies the classical formula for aberration, predicting results which differ substantially from those of classical physics for objects moving at a substantial fraction of the speed of light; → relativistic aberration.

aberration; → star; → light.

aberration orbit
  مدار ِ بیراهش   
madâr-e birâheš

Fr.: orbite d'aberration   

The apparent path described by a star on the → celestial sphere due → annual aberration. A star at the → ecliptic pole is seen to move around a circle of angular radius about 20".50, once a year. A star on the → ecliptic oscillates to and fro along a line of angular half-length 20".50. At an intermediate → celestial latitude, β, the aberration orbit is an ellipse, with semi-major axis 20".50 and semi-minor axis (20".50) sin β.

aberration; → orbit.

aberrational
  بیراهشی   
birâheši

Fr.: aberrationnel   

Of or pertaining to → aberration.

aberration; → -al.

aberrational day number
  شماره‌ی ِ روز ِ بیراهشی   
šomâre-ye ruz-e birâheši

Fr.: nombre de jours d'aberration   

A → Besselian day number denoted by C or D.

aberration; → -al; → day; → number.

aberrational ellipse
  بیضی ِ بیراهشی   
beyzi-ye birâheši

Fr.: ellipse d'aberration   

The → locus of points on the → celestial sphere occupied by a star during the annual → revolution of the → Earth about the → Sun due to → annual aberration. annual aberration.

aberrational; → ellipse.

ablation
  فرساب   
farsâb (#)

Fr.: ablation   

The → erosion of a surface through a process such as → vaporization or → friction.

L. ablatio, ablation, from ablatus, from ab- "away" + latus "carried."

Farsâb from far-, prefix denoting "abundance, excess" + sâb present stem of sâbidan "to rub, wear out," variants sâyidan, pasâvidan "to touch," Khotanese sauy- "to rub," Sogdian ps'w- "to touch," Proto-Iranian *sau- "to rub."

abnormal
  بی‌هنجار   
bihanjâr (#)

Fr.: anormal   

Not typical, usual, or regular; not normal; deviant. → anomalous, → anomaly.

M.L. anormalis, blend of L.L. abnormis "deviating from a rule," from ab- "off, away from" + L. norma "rule."

Bihanjâr, from Pers. bi- "without" + Pers. hanjâr "rule, habit, law, staright road."

abort
  فگانیدن   
fagânidan

Fr.: avorter   

1) To terminate a procedure before it has finished naturally.
2) In computer science, to terminate an application intentionally or unexpectedly. For example, to stop a search or a print job; or unexpected termination of a program because of bugs or difficulties.

From L. abortus, p.p. of aboriri "to miscarry" (a child) from → ab- "from, away, off," + oriri "to rise, be born;" cf. Pers. rasidan "to attain; to arrive" (Mid.Pers. rasidan "to arrive, to mature;" O.Pers./Av. rasa- present stem of ar- "to move, go or come toward;" Skt. ar-, rcchati "reaches;" Gk. erkhomai "to go, to reach").

Fagânidan, from fagâné "abortion", related to fegandan, fekandan, afkandan "to throw, to cast away;" Mid.Pers. abgandan "to throw;" O.Pers. avakan- "to throw, place on," from Proto-Iranian *kan- "to throw, place, put."

abortion
  فگانه، فگانش   
fagâné, fagâneš

Fr.: avortement   

The stopping of a process; a result of such termination.

Verbal noun of → abort.

abscissa
  پیرا   
pirâ (#)

Fr.: abscisse   

In plane Cartesian coordinates, the distance of any point from the vertical axis (y-axis). The distance from the horizontal axis (x-axis) is called → ordinate.

From L abscissa (linea) "(a line) cut off," from p.p. of abscindere "to cut off," from → ab- "off, away" + scindere "to cut." The word abscissa was first used by Stefano degli Angeli (1623-1697), a professor of mathematics in Rome.

Pirâ, present stem of pirâstan "to prune, clip, trim; to adorn, embellish (especially by cutting, clipping, or taking away)," related to ârâstan "to arrange, adorn," from Mid.Pers. payrâstan, patrâstan "to arrange, adorn," ultimately from Proto-Iranian *pati-rad-. The first component *pati- "to, toward, near to, against;" cf. Mid.Pers. pât-, from O.Pers. paity "against, back, opposite to, toward, face to face, in front of;" Av. paiti; Skt. práti "toward, against, again, back, in return, opposite;" Pali pati-; Gk. proti, pros "face to face with, toward, in addition to, near;" PIE *proti. The second component *rad- "to direct, to prepare;" cf. O.Pers. rād- "to prepare," rās- "to be right, straight, true," rāsta- "straight, true" (Mod.Pers. râst "straight, true"); Av. rāz- "to direct, put in line, set," razan- "order;" Gk. oregein "to stretch out;" L. regere "to lead straight, guide, rule," p.p. rectus "right, straight;" Skt. rji- "to make straight or right, arrange, decorate;" PIE base *reg- "move in a straight line."

absence
  اپاستی   
apâsti

Fr.: absence   

1) State of being away or not being present.
2) Lack; deficiency.

Noun from → absent.

absent
  اپاست   
apâst

Fr.: absent   

1) Not in a certain place at a given time; away, missing (opposed to present).
2) Lacking; nonexistent (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from M.Fr. absent, from L. absentem (nominative absens), p.p. of abesse "to be away from," from → ab- "away" + esse "to be," → present.

Apâst, on the model of L. absentem, as above, from apâ- "away from," → apo-, + ast "is," → present.

absentee
  اپاستگر   
apâstgar

Fr.: absent, absentéiste   

A person who is absent, especially from work or school (Dictionary.com).

From → absent + -ee a suffix forming nouns that denote a person who is the object or beneficiary of the act specified by the verb, from Fr. , ending of p.p.s used as nouns.

Apâstgar, from apâst, → absent, + -gar, → -or.

absenteeism
  اپاستگری، اپاستگرایی   
apâsgari, apâstgerâyi

Fr.: absentéisme   

Voluntary non attendance at work, without valid reason. Absenteeism means either habitual evasion of work, or willful absence as in a strike action. It does not include involuntary or occasional absence due to valid causes, or reasons beyond one's control, such as accidents or sickness (BusinessDictionary.com).

absent; → -ism.

absolute
  ا َوَست   
avast

Fr.: absolu   

1) General: Not limited by restrictions or exceptions; perfect in quality or nature; unqualified in extent or degree; complete.
2) Physics: Relating to measurements or units of measurement derived from fundamental units of length, mass, and time.
3) Physics: Having an ideal value as opposed to a conditional or relative one.
See also: → absolute acceleration, → absolute dating, → absolute humidity, → absolute luminosity, → absolute magnitude, → absolute permeability, → absolute space, → absolute temperature, → absolute tensor, → absolute time, → absolute viscosity, → absolute zero.

From M.Fr. absolut, from L. absolutus "unrestricted," p.p. of absolvere "to set free," from ab- "away" + solvere "to loosen," from PIE *leu-. → solve.

Avast from negation prefix → a- + vast, variant of bast, basté "tied, bound," from Mid.Pers. bastan/vastan "to bind, shut," Av./O.Pers. band- "to bind, fetter," banda- "band, tie," Skt. bandh- "to bind, tie, fasten," PIE *bhendh- "to bind," cf. Ger. binden, E. bind, → band.

Synonymous: motalq(مطلق), from Ar.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>