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deuterium burning suzeš-e doteriom Fr.: combustion du deutérium The fusion of a deuterium nucleus with a proton which produces the lightest isotope of helium: D + H → 3He + γ. Deuterium burning occurs in stellar cores at a temperature exceeding 106 K. The onset of deuterium burning marks the end of the → protostellar collapse. It is the only → nuclear reaction that occurs in → brown dwarfs. In normal stars, it is the second step in the → proton-proton chain which leads to the formation of 4He, allowing stars to arrive on the → main sequence. |
deuterium enrichment pordâri-ye doteriom Fr.: enrichissement de deutérium The → enrichment of deuterium (D) with respect to
→ hydrogen (H) in
→ Solar System molecules
when compared with the D/H ratio in the
→ interstellar → solar nebula.
H-bearing molecules in → comets,
→ planets, and → chondrite
→ meteorites show a systematic D enrichment
relative to the → molecular hydrogen of the solar
nebula. Because there is no nuclear source for D in the Universe,
the observed → isotopic enrichment must have its
origin in chemical reactions having faster reaction rates for D than for H.
In the Solar nebula the → isotopic fractionation
of D between → water and H followed the reversible reaction: → deuterium; → enrichment. |
deuterium enrichment factor karvand-e pordâri-ye doteriom Fr.: facteur d'enrichissement en deutérium The ratio between the D/H value in → water
and in → molecular hydrogen, as expressed by: → deuterium; → enrichment; → factor. |
deuterium fractionation barxâneš-e doteriom Fr.: fractionnement de deutérium The difference between the deuterium (D)/hydrogen (H) → abundance → ratio in an object with respect to that representing a standard or mean value for that type of objects. Same as → isotope fractionation of deuterium. In the gas phase chemistry many of the D fractionation reactions produce an excess of D atoms relative to → hydrogen atoms. Deuterium fractionation in → interstellar cloud cores, → protostars, and → Solar System bodies is frequently used to infer important aspects of their physical and chemical histories. For example, the → deuterium enhancement in the Earth's sea water, with respect to the cosmic abundance, has been interpreted as being due to → enrichment by → comet-like → planetesimals colliding with the young Earth. → deuterium; → fractionation. |
deuteron doteron (#) Fr.:deutéron A nucleus of a deuterium atom (a combination of a proton and a neutron). From Gk. deutero-, combining form of deuterios "second" + -ion a suffix used in the names of subatomic particles. |
develop govâlidan (#) Fr.: développer 1) To elaborate or expand in detail, for example a theory. From M.Fr. développer, O.Fr. desveloper, from des- "undo" prefix + veloper "wrap up," of unknown origin. Govâlidan, from Proto-Iranian *vi-uar, cf. Skt. vi-vardh- "to grow up; to blossom," Av. *vi-varəd-, from Skt./Av. prefix vi- "out, apart" + varəd- "to increase, augment, strengthen, cause to prosper," Mid.Pers. vâlitan, Mod.Pers. bâlidan "to grow, to wax great." |
developed turbulence âšubnâki-ye govâlidé Fr.: turbulence développée A regime of → turbulence characterized by a high → Reynolds number, showing many general aspects that are common to different flows (statistical symmetries, persistent dissipation, energy cascade, → intermittency). Despite those universal features, the understanding of developed turbulence remains as one of the greatest unsolved conceptual problems, on the borderline between mathematics and physics, with numerous ramifications from astrophysics through meteorology to engineering. Developed, p.p. of → develop; → turbulence. |
development govâleš (#) Fr.: développement 1) The act, process, or result of developing. The state of being developed. From → develop + -ment suffix forming nouns from verbs. Govâleš, from govâl, stem of govâlidan, → develop, + -eš verbal noun suffix, → -tion. |
deviate 1) kažraftan; 2) kažrâh kardan Fr.: dévier 1) (v. intr.) To turn aside, as from a way, course, etc. By extension,
to depart from a course of action or acceptable norm. From L.L. deviatus "turned from the straight road," p.p. of deviare, from → de- + via "road," + -ate. 1) Kažraftan, from kaž "crooked, bent, being aside"
(cf. Skt. kubja- "hump-backed, crooked," Pali kujja- "bent,"
L. gibbus "hump, hunch," Lith. kupra "hump") +
raftan "to go, walk, proceed" (present tense stem row-, Mid.Pers.
raftan, raw-, Proto-Iranian *rab/f- "to go; to attack"). |
deviation kažraft Fr.: déviation The act of deviating; departure from a standard or norm. Verbal noun form of → deviate. |
device dastgâh (#) Fr.: appareil, dispositif Something, thought out, invented, or adapted, for a special purpose. From O.Fr. devis "division, separation, disposition, wish," from L. divisus, p.p. of dividere "to divide," → divide. Dastgâh "means, implement, apparatus," originally "wealth, splendour," from dast "strength, superiority," originally "hand" (Mid.Pers. dast, O.Pers. dasta-, Av. zasta-, cf. Skt. hásta-, Gk. kheir, L. praesto "at hand," Arm. jern "hand," Lith. pa-žastis "arm-pit;" PIE *ghes-to-) + gâh "place, time," O.Pers. gāθu-, Av. gātav-, gātu- "place, throne, spot" (Skt. gâtu- "going, motion; free space for moving; place of abode," PIE *gwem- "to go, come"). |
devil div (#) Fr.: diable An evil spirit; demon. → dust devil. M.E. devel, from O.E. deofol, from L.L. diabolus, from Gk. diabolos, literally, "slanderer," from diaballein "to throw across, slander," from dia- "across, through" + ballein to "throw." Div "devil, demon" (Mid.Pers. dêw; O.Pers. daiva- "evil god, demon;" Av. daēva- "evil spirit, false god;" Skt. deva-; Gk. Zeus "supreme god;" L. deus "god;" PIE base *deiwos "god," from *dei- "to gleam, to shine"). |
devote âdâxtan Fr.: consacrer To apply or dedicate (oneself, time, money, etc) to some pursuit, cause, etc. (Dictionary.com). From L. devotus, p.p. of devovere "dedicate by a vow, sacrifice oneself, promise solemnly," from → de- "down, away" + vovere "to vow," from votum "a promise to a god, solemn pledge, dedication; that which is promised; a wish, desire, prayer," from PIE root *wegwh- "to speak solemnly, vow, preach;" cf. Skt. vaghat- "one who offers a sacrifice;" Gk. eukhe "vow, wish." Âdaxtan, on the model of pardâxtan (among several meanings) "to devote, consecrate, to be busily and attentively engaged; to attempt, care about; to employ" (Steingass), with prefix â- and stem âxt, âz- (→ theoretician). |
devotion âdâxt, âdâzeš Fr.: dévouement, attachement 1) Profound dedication; consecration. Verbal noun of → devote. |
dew šabnam (#) Fr.: rosée 1) Water condensed onto grass and other objects near the ground, the
temperatures of which have fallen below the dewpoint of the surface
air due to radiational cooling during the night, but are still above
freezing. O.E. deaw, from P.Gmc. *dawwaz, O.H.G. tow, Gk. thein, "to run," thoos "quick," PIE base *dheu- "to run, flow" (cf. Pers. dav-, davidan "to run," Skt. dhav- "to run, flow," dhavati "flows, runs"). Šabnam, from šab→ night + nam "moisture; dew; wet," Mid.Pers. namb, nam, Av. napta- "moist," nabas-câ "cloud," nabah- "sky," Skt. nábhas- "moisture, cloud, mist, sky," Gk. nephos "cloud," L. nebula "mist," PIE base *nebhos- "moisture, cloud, mist." |
dew cap kolâhak-e šabnam Fr.: pare-buée A hollow tube that extends out in front of the objective lens (refractors) or corrector lens (Schmidt-Cassegrains). It shields the exposed optics from wide exposure to the cool ambient air, slowing heat loss and preventing dew formation. Reflector telescopes do not need dew caps because the main mirror rests at the bottom of the tube, which acts as a dew shield. → dew + cap, from O.E. cæppe "hood, head-covering," from L.L. cappa "a cape, hooded cloak." Kolâhak, from kolâh "cap," see below, + similarity suffix -ak. Kolâh "cap," cf. L. celare "to hide, conceal," occulere "to dissimulate," Gk. kalyptein "to cover," kalia "hut, nest," Skt. cala "hut, house," Goth. hilms "helmet," huljan "cover over," hulistr "covering," E. hull "seed covering," from O.E. hulu, from O.H.G. hulla, hulsa, O.E. hol "cave;" PIE base *kel- "conceal." Šabnam→ dew. |
dew point noqte-ye šabnam (#) Fr.: point de rosée The temperature to which a given air parcel must be cooled at constant pressure and constant water vapor content in order for saturation to occur. |
dewar dewar Fr.: dewar, vase dewar Insulated bottle containing a cryogenic fluid. The electronic detectors operated at very low temperature are mounted inside a dewar. Named after its inventor Sir James Dewar (1842-1923), Scottish chemist and physicist. |
dewbow šabnam kamân Fr.: A rainbow formed in the small drops often found on grass in early morning. While the name implies that those drops are dew, that is probably rarely the case. Rather, the drops are usually the result of guttation (the water exuded from leaves as a result of root pressure) rather than dew. |
dex deks (#) Fr.: dex A conventional notation for decimal exponent, which converts the number after it into its common antilogarithm; for example, dex (2.35) = 102.35. From decimal + exponent. |
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