An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
reductant
  بازهازنده   
bâzhâzandé

Fr.: réducteur   

Same as → reducing agent.

Agent noun from → reduce.

reductio ad absurdum
  باز‌هازش به یاوه   
bâzhâzeš bé yâvé

Fr.: raisonnement par l'absurde   

Logic, Math.: A method of → reasoning in which one assumes some statement to be → true and from that → assumption proceeds to deduce a logical → absurdity and hence to a conclusion that the original assumption must have been → false.

L. reductio ad absurdum "reduction to absurdity," → reduction; → absurd.

reduction
  باز‌هازش   
bâzhâzeš

Fr.: réduction   

1) In → data processing, the transformation of data from a "raw" form to some usable form.
2) Chem.: The removal of → oxygen from a substance, or the addition of → hydrogen to it. The term is also used more generally to include any reaction in which an atom gains → electrons.

Verbal noun of → reduce.

redundancy
  افزون‌آیی   
afzun-âyi

Fr.: redondance   

The fact of repeating or duplicity.
That part of the data content that can be dropped without any significant loss of the original information.

From L. redundantia "an overflowing, excess," from redundare "to flow back, overflow, be excessive," from → re- "again" + undare "rise in waves," from unda "a wave."

Afzun-âyi "redundancy, superabounding," from afzun "more, greater; more ample," from afzudan "to add, increase" (Mid.Pers. abzudan "to increase, grow;" O.Pers. abijav- "to increase, add to, promote," from abi-, aiby- "in addition to; to; against" + root jav- "press forward;" Av. gav- "to hasten, drive;" Sk. jav- "to press forward, impel quickly, excite," javate "hastens") + âyi verbal noun of ây- present stem of âmadan "to come, arrive, become" (Av. ay- "to go, to come," aēiti "goes;" O.Pers. aitiy "goes;" Skt. e- "to come near," eti "arrival;" L. ire "to go;" Goth. iddja "went," Lith. eiti "to go;" Rus. idti "to go").

Rees-Sciama effect
  اسکر ِ ریز-سیاما   
oskar-e Rees-Sciama

Fr.: effet de Rees-Sciama   

The → Sachs-Wolfe effect in which the calculations are extended to nonlinear mass concentrations. In the non-linear regime of large-scale → structure formation the → gravitational potential changes with time, and photons climb out of a → potential well slightly different from the one that they fell into. Therefore, nonlinear density fluctuations produce extra evolution of the potentials against the background expansion. On large scales, the nonlinear contribution to the full ISW effect is expected to be dominated by the linear ISW effect in a Universe with → cosmological constant (Seljak, 1996, ApJ 460, 549).

Martin J. Rees (1942-) & Dennis W. Sciama (1926-1999), 1968, Nature 217, 511; → effect.

refer
  بازبردن   
bâzbordan (#)

Fr.: référer   

1) To direct for information or anything required.
2) To hand over or submit for information, consideration, decision, etc.
3) To have relation; relate.
4) To make reference or allusion (Dictionary.com).

M.E. referren, from L. referre "to bring back," from → re- "back" + ferre "carry, bear," cognate with Pers. bordan "to carry, bear," as below.

Bâzbordan, literally "to bring back," from bâz "back," → re- + bordan "to carry, bear" (Mid.Pers. burdan, O.Pers./Av. bar- "to bear, carry," barəθre "to bear (infinitive)," Skt. bharati "he carries," Gk. pherein, L. fero "to carry;" PIE base *bher- "to carry").

reference
  بازبرد   
bâzbord (#)

Fr.: référence   

1) An act or instance of referring.
2) A book, article, or passage to which one is directed.

Verbal noun of → refer.

reference ellipsoid
  بیضی‌وار ِ بازبرد   
beyzivâr-e bâzbord

Fr.: ellipsoïde de référence   

A mathematically defined surface that approximates the Earth's shape, which is basically a sphere "flattened" at its poles. The length of one of the axes at the Equator is chosen so that the ellipsoid coincides at this latitude with the mean sea level. It is the first-order definition of the non-spherical shape of the Earth as an ellipsoid of revolution. To first order, it accounts for over 90% of the → geoid.

reference; → ellipsoid.

reference frame
  چارچوب ِ بازبرد   
cârcub-e bâzbord

Fr.: système de référence   

A set of axes to which positions and motions in a system can be referred. Same as → frame of reference.

reference; → frame.

reference source
  خن ِ بازبرد   
xan-e bâzbord

Fr.: source de référence   

An astronomical source in a field used as a reference for the detection of another object, astrometry, etc.

reference; → source.

refine
  ۱) پالودن؛ ۲) نازکیدن   
1) pâludan; 2) nâzokidan

Fr.: raffiner   

1) To bring to a fine or a pure state; free from impurities.
2) To make more fine, subtle, or precise (Dictionary.com).

re-; → fine.

1) Pâludan "to purify, starin, → filter."
2) Nâzokidan, from nâzok "tender, delicate, subtle, neat," → fine.

refinement
  ۱) پالایش؛ ۲) نازکش   
1) pâlâyeš; 2) nâzokeš

Fr.: raffinement   

1) Fineness or elegance of feeling, taste, manners, language, etc.
2) The act or process of refining. the quality or state of being refined.
3) An improved, higher, or extreme form of something.
Math.: A → set whose elements include the elements of a given set (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → refine.

reflare
  باز‌آلاو   
bâzâlâv

Fr.:   

Any of a series of features occurring in the → light curve of → dwarf novae and → Soft X-ray Transient (SXT)s during → outburst decay. Reflares appear when the surface density Σ behind the cooling front is high enough to reach Σmax. At the radius at which this happens, the disk becomes thermally unstable and a new heating front develops. This front propagates outward like an inside-out outburst, reheating the disk until Σ(R) ≤ Σmin, when cooling can resume. The density in the cold region is depleted as matter is accreted during this process, and the following reflare occurs at smaller radii and have lower amplitudes (G. Dubus et al., 2001, A&A 373, 251).

re-; → flare.

reflect
  بازتابیدن   
bâztâbidan (#)

Fr.: réfléchir   

To throw or bend back from a surface, specially light, sound, or heat.

M.E. reflecten, from L. reflectere "to bend back," from → re- "back" + flectere "to bend."

Bâztâbidan, from bâz-, → re- + tâbidan, variants tâftan "to shine," tafsidan "to become hot;" Mid.Pers. tâftan "to heat, burn, shine;" taftan "to become hot;" Parthian t'b "to shine;" Av. tāp-, taf- "to warm up, heat," tafsat "became hot," tāpaiieiti "to create warmth;" cf. Skt. tap- "; to heat, be/become hot; to spoil, injure, damage; to suffer," tapati "burns;" L. tepere "to be warm," tepidus "warm;" PIE base *tep- "to be warm."

reflectance
  بازتابایی   
bâztâbâyi

Fr.: réflectance   

1) Same as → reflection factor.
2) Computers: In optical character recognition, the relative value of the ink color compared to the background.

From → reflect + -ance

Bâztâbâyi, verbal noun from adj./agent noun bâztâbâ "reflecting."

reflected ray
  پرتو ِ بازتابیده   
partow-e bâztâbidé (#)

Fr.: rayon réfléchi   

A → light ray that is reflected from a surface.

reflect; → ray.

reflecting circle
  دایره‌ی ِ بازتابی   
dâyere-ye bâztâbi

Fr.: cercle à réflexion   

An instrument for measuring angular distances, based on the same principle as the → octant, but with a full circular limb divided into 720°. It was invented in 1752 by the German astronomer Johann Tobias Mayer (1723-1762) to improve on the octant which often gave wrong results because of incorrect graduations. The instrument consisted of an index arm and a small telescope, both pivoted centrally. In practice, the index arm is first set to zero, and the telescope rotated until the two images of a star are seen in coincidence (the one directly, the other by double reflection). Then the index arm is freed, and rotated until the other object is seen in coincidence after double reflection. The angle has now been measured, but the double operation is repeated several times, and the final angle divided by the number of repetitions to find a mean value. Hence, the instrument was sometimes called a "repeating circle." The reflecting circle had little success because it was heavy and uncomfortable to use. Its improved form is called → Borda circle.

reflection; → circle.

reflecting telescope
  تلسکوپ ِ بازتابی، دوربین ِ ~   
teleskop-e bâztâbi (#), durbin-e ~ (#)

Fr.: télescope réflecteur   

A telescope in which the image is produced by reflection of light by a concave mirror.

Reflecting, verbal adj. of → reflect; → telescope.

reflection
  بازتاب   
bâztâb (#)

Fr.: réflexion   

The return of radiation after striking a surface, without change in wavelength. If the surface is smooth, reflection is regular, otherwise it is diffuse. → diffuse reflection; → specular reflection.

Verbal noun of → reflect.

reflection coefficient
  همگر ِ بازتاب   
hamgar-e bâztâb (#)

Fr.: coefficient de réflexion   

The ratio given by the → amplitude (or energy) of a reflected wave divided by the amplitude (or energy) of the incident wave.

reflection; → coefficient.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>