An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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right ascension
  راست‌افراز   
râst afrâz (#)

Fr.: ascension droite   

A coordinate in the → equatorial system measured from the → vernal equinox eastward to the point where the object → hour circle intersects the → celestial equator. Right ascension (symbol α) is expressed in hours, minutes, and seconds. See also: → declination.

right; ascension, M.E. ascencioun, from O.Fr., from L. ascendere "to climb up," from → ad- "to" + scandere "to climb."

Râst, → right; afrâz present stem of afrâzidan, afrâštan "to raise, exalt, extole," from Mid.Pers. abrâstan, abrâz- "to lift, raise," from ab-, from O.Pers./Av. abiy-/aiwi- "to, upon, against;" cf. Skt. abhi-, Gk. amphi- + râst "straight, direct, true;" from O.Pers. rāsta- "straight, true," rās- "to be right, straight, true;" Av. rāz- "to direct, put in line, set," razan- "order;" cf. Skt. raj- "to direct, stretch," rjuyant- "walking straight;" Gk. orektos "stretched out;" L. regere "to lead straight, guide, rule," p.p. rectus "right, straight;" Ger. recht; E. right; PIE base *reg- "move in a straight line," hence, "to direct, rule."

right triangle
  سه‌بر ِ راست   
sebar-e râst (#)

Fr.: triangle droit   

A triangle one of whose angles is a → right angle.

right; → triangle.

right-hand rule
  رزن ِ دست ِ راست   
razan-e dast-e râst

Fr.: règle de la main droite   

See → Fleming's rules.

right; → hand; → rule.

right-hand screw rule
  رزن ِ پیچ ِ راست‌گرد   
razan-e pic-e rast-gard

Fr.: règle de la vis droite   

A rule that gives the direction of the resultant vector in a → vector product: A x B = C. It is the direction of advance of a right-hand screw whose axis, held perpendicular to the plane of A and B, is rotated in the same sense that rotates the first-named vector (A) into the second-named vector B through the smaller angle.

right; → hand; → screw; → rule.

right-handed
  راستال، راستدست   
râstâl, râstdast (#)

Fr.: droitier   

Using the right hand with greater skill or ease than the left.

right; → hand + -ed.

Râstâl, from râst, → right, + -al-al. Râstdast, with dast, → hand.

rigid
  سخت‌پای   
saxtpây (#)

Fr.: rigide   

1) General: Stiff or unyielding; inflexible, strict, severe.
2) Physics: → rigid body; → rigidity.

From L. rigidus "hard, stiff, rough," from rigere "to be stiff;" related to L. frigus "cold," Gk. rhigos "frost, cold."

Saxtpây, from saxt, → hard, + pây present stem of pâyidan "to stand firm, to be constant, steady, fixed;" Mid.Pers. pâyitan, pâtan, pây- "to protect; wait, stand," Sogdian p'y "to protect, watch over;" O.Pers./Av. pâ(y)- "to protect, keep" pâtar- "protector, watcher," cf. Skt. pâ- "to protect, keep," pâti "protects;" Gk. poimen "shepherd," poma "lid, cover;" L. pastor "shepherd," panis "bread;" PIE base *pa- "to protect, guard, pasture, feed."

rigid body
  جسم ِ سخت‌پای   
jesm-e saxtpây

Fr.: corps rigide   

Mechanics: A system of many particles whose positions relative to one another remain fixed.

rigid; → body.

rigidity
  سخت‌پایی   
saxtpâyi

Fr.: rigidité   

1) The quality or state of being → rigid. See also → modulus of rigidity.
2) → magnetic rigidity.

rigid + → -ity.

Rigil Kentaurus (α Centauri)
  پای ِ کنتاؤروس   
pâ-ye Kentâwros

Fr.: Alpha du Centaure   

Another name of → Alpha Centauri.

Rigel, from Ar. rijl (رجل) "foot;" Kentaurus, → Centaurus.

"foot, step" (from Mid.Pers. pâd, pây; Av. pad- "foot;" cf. Skt. pat; Gk. pos, genitive podos; L. pes, genitive pedis; P.Gmc. *fot; E. foot; Ger. Fuss; Fr. pied; PIE *pod-/*ped-); KentâwrosCentaurus.

rigorous
  فرسخت   
farsaxt (#)

Fr.: rigoureux   

1) Severely exact or accurate; precise.
2) Logic, Math.: Logically valid. See also: → accurate, → exact, → precise.

M.E., from M.L. rigorosus, from rigor "stiffness, rigor," from rigere "to be stiff."

Farsaxt, from far- intensive prefix "much, abundant; elegantly" (Mid.Pers. fra- "forward, before; much; around;" O.Pers. fra- "forward, forth;" Av. frā, fərā-, fra- "forward, forth; excessive;" cf. Skt. prá- "before; forward, in fron;" Gk. pro "before, in front of;" L. pro "on behalf of, in place of, before, for;" PIE *pro-) + saxt "hard, strong, firm, secure, solid, vehement, intense" (Mid.Pers. saxt "hard, strong, severe;" Av. sak- "to understand or know a thing, to mark;" cf. Skt. śakta- "able, strong," śaknoti "he is strong," śiksati "he learns").

rigorous selection rule
  رزن ِ گزینش ِ فرسخت   
razan-e gozineš-e farsaxt

Fr.: règle de sélection rigoureuse   

A → selection rule obeyed by → discrete transitions. Among them are: rigorous selection rules for → electric dipole transitions (→ permitted) requiring: 1) ΔJ must be 0 or ± 1 with J = 0 ↔ 0 forbidden. 2) ΔMJ = 0, ± 1. 3) → Parity change, i.e. even ↔ odd.

rigorous; → selection; → rule.

rille
  ریل   
ril

Fr.:   

A long, narrow, straight or sinuous trench or valley with steep walls and roughly parallel sides on the surface of the Moon.

From Ger. Rille "a small rivulet or brook."

Borrowed from E., as above.

rim
  لبه   
labé (#)

Fr.: bord   

The outer edge, border, margin, or brink of something, especially of a circular object.

M.E., from O.E. -rima (in compounds, as in særima "seashore"); cognate with O.Norse rimi "raised strip of land, ridge"

Labé "limb, edge," from lab "lip;" Mid.Pers. lap; cognate with L. labium, E. lip; Ger. Lefze.

rima
  ریما   
rimâ

Fr.: rima   

A long fissure on the surface of a planet or Moon; plural form rimae.

From L. rima "fissure, slit."

Loan from E., as above.

Rindler coordinates
  هماراهای ِ ریندلر   
hamârâhâ-ye Rindler

Fr.: coordonnées de Rindler   

The coordinates that describe the → Minkowski space-time in a → hyperbolic version of → polar coordinates. If the coordinates in an → inertial frame is denoted by (t,x), the Rindler coordinates (η,ξ) are defined by: t = (1/α) eαξ sinh (αη) and x = (1/α) eαξ cosh (αη), where α is some positive constant.

Named after Wolfgang Rindler (1924-), Austrian physicist; → coordinates.

Rindler wedge
  گوه‌ی ِ ریندلر   
gove-ye Rindler

Fr.: coin de Rindler   

A portion of the → space-time described by → Rindler coordinates.

Rindler coordinates; → wedge.

ring
  ۱) حلقه؛ ۲) زنگ   
1) halqé (#); 2) zang (#)

Fr.: 1) anneau; 2) sonnerie   

1) A circular band of something. → gossamer ring.
2) A resonant sound like that of a bell or bells.

O.E. hring "circular band" (cf. O.N. hringr, Ger. Ring), literally "something curved," from PIE base *(s)ker- "to turn, bend."

1) Halqé, loan from Ar. Halqat "ring, hoop, circle."
2) Zang "bell."

ring galaxy
  کهکشان ِ حلقه‌ای   
kahkešân-e halqeyi

Fr.: galaxie en anneau   

A galaxy with a ring-like appearance around the central luminous center. The ring consists of massive, relatively young bright stars. It is believed that ring galaxies result from the head-on collision of two different galaxies.

ring; → galaxy.

ring longitude
  درژنای ِ حلقه   
derežnâ-ye halqé

Fr.: longitude de l'anneau   

Of → Saturn, the angle measured with respect to the sub-observer point (a line connecting the observer to Saturn) in the direction of the orbital motion.

ring; → longitude.

Ring Nebula
  میغ ِ حلقه   
miq-e halqé

Fr.: Nébuleuse de l'Anneau   

A bright → planetary nebula in the constellation → Lyra, also called M57 or NGC 6720. In small telescopes it has the appearance of a slightly elliptical luminous ring around a central hot star (15th magnitude). The radius is one-third of a → light-year, and the nebula is about 2,000 light-years away.

ring; → nebula.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>