An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
courageous
  پردل، دلیر، درشمند   
pordel (#), delir (#), daršmand

Fr.: courageux   

Having or characterized by courage.

M.E., from O.Fr. corageus, corajos, from → courage.

Pordel, literally "greathearted," from por, → full, + del, → heart. Delir "brave, courageous," from del "heart," as above.
Daršmand, → daring.

cousin
  ترزا   
tarzâ

Fr.: cousin   

1) The son or daughter of an uncle or aunt.
2) One related by descent in a diverging line from a known common ancestor, as from one's grandparent or from one's father's or mother's sister or brother (Dictionary.com).

M.E. cosin, from O.Fr. cusin, cosin, from L. consobrinus, from → com- + sobrinussoror, → sister.

Tarzâ, from tar, from Baluci teru "uncle, aunt," tri "aunt;" cf. Av. tuiriia- "uncle," + "son/daughter of; born," → birth.

covalence
  هم ارزایی   
ham-arzâyi

Fr.: covalence   

Chemistry: The number of covalent bonds which an atom can from. The sharing of electrons to form chemical bonds. → equivalence.

From → co- + valence, from L. valentia "strength, worth," valere "to be worth; be strong."

Ham-arzâyi, from ham-co- + arzâyi, from arzidan "to be worth," arzân "worthy; of small value, cheap," arj "esteem, honour, price, worth," Mid.Pers. arz "value, worth," arzidan "be worth," arzân "valuable;" Av. arəjaiti "is worth," arəja- "valuable," arəg- "to be worth;" cf. Skt. arh- "to be worth, to earn," árhant- "worthy person;" Gk. alphanein "to bring in as profit," alphein "to ear, obtain;" Lith. algà "salary, pay;" PIE base *algwh- "to earn; price, value."

covalent bond
  بند ِ هم ارزا   
band-e ham-arzâ

Fr.: lien covalent   

A chemical bond between two atoms of the same or different elements, in which each atom contributes one electron to be shared in a pair.

Covalent, adj. of → covalence; → bond.

covariance
  هم‌ورتایی   
hamvartâyi

Fr.: covariance   

In statistics, a measure of linear dependence. For two random variables X and Y with expectations mx and my, the covariance is E{(X - mx)(Y - my)}.

From co-, → com-, + → variance.

From ham-, → com-, + vartâyi, → variance.

covariant
  هم‌ورتا   
hamvartâ

Fr.: covariant   

In physics, having the property of remaining invariant in form under a Lorentz transformation.

com-; → variance.

covariant tensor
  تانسر ِ هم‌ورتا   
tânsor-e hamvartâ

Fr.: tenseur covariant   

A tensor whose components are distinguished by → subscript indices.

covariant; → tensor.

cover
  پوشیدن؛ پوشش   
pušidan; pušeš (#)

Fr.: couvrir; couverture   

1) To spread over an area or surface.
2) Something that covers.

From M.E., from O.Fr. covrir, from L. cooperire "to cover over, overwhelm, bury," from the intensive prefix → com- + operire "to close, cover."

Pušidan "to cover; to put on," → envelope; pušeš, verbal noun of pušidan.

coverage
  پوشش   
pušeš (#)

Fr.: couverture   

1) General: The extent to which something is covered.
2) Astro.: The total area of the sky observed in a particular → sky survey. See also → fractional sky coverage.
3) The area within which a radio signal sent by a transmitter is received reliably .
4) In film making, the shooting of a scene from various views and using various exposures.

From → cover + -age a suffix forming abstract nouns.

cover.

cow
  گاو   
gâv (#)

Fr.: vache   

The female of bovine animals.

M.E. cou, cognate with Pers. Gâv, as below.

Mid.Pers. "bull, cow;" Av. gao-, gāvuš; cf. Skt. go-, gáus; Gk. bous ";" L. bos "ox, bull, cow;" O.E. cu "cow;" Ger. Kuh "cow;" PIE *gwows "cow."

Cowling model
  مدل ِ کاؤلینگ   
model-e Cowling

Fr.: modèle de Cowling   

A model of the internal structure of → massive stars in which a → convective core is surrounded by a large → radiative envelope. However, recent studies point to the presence of a thin → convection zone in the outer envelope of hot massive stars, beneath the → photosphere, which is caused by opacity peaks associated with iron and helium ionization. See also → iron convection zone.

After Thomas Cowling (1906-1990), a British astronomer, who put forward the model; → model.

CP star
  ستاره‌ی ِ CP   
setâre-ye CP

Fr.: étoile CP   

chemically peculiar star.

chemically peculiar star.

CP-symmetry
  همامونی ِ بار-همالی   
hamâmuni-ye bâr-hamâli

Fr.: symétrie charge-parité   

Same as → charge-parity symmetry.

charge; → parity; → symmetry.

crab
  خرچنگ   
xarcang (#)

Fr.: crabe   

1) Any decapod crustacean of the suborder Brachyura, having the eyes on short stalks and a short, broad, more or less flattened body, the abdomen being small and folded under the thorax. → Cancer; → Crab nebula; → Crab pulsar.
2) Any of various other crustaceans, as the hermit crab, or other animals, as the horseshoe crab, resembling the true crabs (Dictionary.com).

M.E. crabbe; O.E. crabba, from Germanic *krab(b)- (cf. Low Ger. krabben "to scratch, claw"); PIE base *gerbh- "to scratch;" cf. Gk. graphein "to write."

Xarcang "crab," from Mid.Pers. karcang, cf. Lori qerženg from kar-, qer- + cang, ženg "claw." The meaning of the first component, xar/qer, is not clear. It may be related to Av. xruta-, xraoždva- "hard," as in xruždisma- "hard ground" (from xruždi- + zam-), and to the PIE *qarq- "to be hard." In that case, the Pers. term for crab would literally mean "hard claw."

Crab nebula (M1, NGC 1952)
  میغ ِ خرچنگ   
miq-e xarcang

Fr.: Nébuleuse du Crabe   

An expanding cloud of debris from the explosion of a → Type I supernova in the → constellation  → Taurus. Its light reached Earth in 1054 and was visible to the naked eye even in the daytime. Lying about 6,300 → light-years away, the Crab nebula is an intense → radio source (Tau A), and also a source of X-rays and gamma-rays. The diameter of the → supernova remnant is about 6 light-years; it is expanding at velocity of 1000 km/sec.

crab; → nebula.

Crab pulsar
  پولسار ِ خرچنگ، تپار ِ ~   
pulsâr-e xarcang (#), tapâr-e ~ (#)

Fr.: pulsar du Crabe   

A → pulsar discovered in the center of the → Crab nebula in 1969. It is a highly magnetized → neutron star with a radius of 10-15 km that spins 30 times a second.

crab; → pulsar.

cradle
  گهواره   
gahvâré (#)

Fr.: berceau   

1) A bed for a baby that is usually designed to rock back and forth when pushed gently. → Newton's cradle.
2) The place where something begins (Merriam-Webster.com).

M.E. cradel, from O.E cradol akin to O.H.G. kratto "basket," Ger. Krätze "basket carried on the back;" Pers. gereh "knot;" Skt. granth- "to tie a knot" (Cheung 2007).

Gahvâré "cradle," variants gâhvâré, gowvâré, govâré, from Mid.Pers. gâhwârag "cot, cradle."

craft
  ناو   
nâv (#)

Fr.: petit bateau   

A ship or other vessel.

M.E., from O.E. cræft "strength, skill;" cf. Ger. Kraft, D. kracht, O.N. kraptr. The "ship" meaning comes from the expression "vessel of small craft (trade)."

Nâv "ship;" O.Pers./Av. *nāv-, O.Pers. nāviyā- "fleet;" cf. Skt. nau-, nava- "ship, boat;" Gk. naus.

crater
  ۱، ۲) لاوک، کندال؛ ۳) جام   
1, 2) lâvak, kandâl; 3) Jâm

Fr.: 1, 2) cratère; 3) Coupe   

1) A bowl-like depression on the rigid surface of a planet, satellite, or asteroid usually caused by the high-speed impact of a colliding object.
2) A bowl-shaped cavity at the mouth of a volcano.
3) The Cup. A small → constellation with faint stars, in the Southern Hemisphere, that lies next to → Hydra, at about 11h 20m right ascension, 15° south declination. Abbreviation: Crt; genitive: Crateris.

From Gk. krater "a wide, two-handled bowl for mixing wine with water," from kerannynai "to mix;" PIE base *kere- "to mix, confuse."

Lâvak "a large wooden bowl for kneading dough."
Kandâl "cavity, pit" in Qâeni, from kand- past tense stem of kandan "to dig" (Mid.Pers. kandan, O.Pers./Av. kan- "to dig," Skt. khan- "to dig") + -al, → -al.
Jâm "cup, chalice, goblet, bowl," Mid.Pers. jâm "vessel, goblet; glass," Av. yama- "glass, glass vessel," yâmô.pacika- "baked glass;" related to Skt. camasa- "a vessel used at sacrifices for drinking Soma, kind of flat dish or cup?"

crater floor
  کف ِ لاوک   
kaff-e lâvak

Fr.: sol de cratère   

The lower part of an → impact crater bounded by the rising → crater rim.

crater; → floor.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>