An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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restore
  بازساختن، بازگرداندن   
bâzsâxtan, bâzgardândan

Fr.: restaurer   

1) To bring back into existence, use, or the like; reestablish.
2) To bring back to a former, original, or normal condition, as a building, statue, or painting (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from O.Fr. restorer, from L. restaurare "repair, rebuild, renew," from → re- "back, again" + -staurare, from PIE root *sta- "to stand, set down, make or be firm," → state.

Bâzsâxtan, from bâz- "back, again," → re-, + sâxtan "to build, make, fashion; to adapt, adjust, be fit" (from Mid.Pers. sâxtan, sâz-, Manichean Parthian s'c'dn "to prepare, to form;" Av. sak- "to understand, to mark," sâcaya- (causative) "to teach").
Bâzgardândan, from bâz-+ gardândan "to turn (around)," accusative of gardidan, gaštan "to change, to turn, → revolve."

restored image
  وینه‌ی ِ بازساخته، تصویر ِ ~   
vine-ye bâzsâxté, tasvir-e ~

Fr.: image restaurée   

An image that has been upgraded by a process of → image restoration.

Restored, p;p. of restore, → restoration; → image.

Tasvir, → image; bâzsâxté, p.p. of bâzsâxtan, → restoration.

restoring force
  نیروی ِ بازگردان، ~ بازساز   
niru-ye, bâzgardân, ~ bâzsâz

Fr.: force de rappel   

A force that comes into play after a system is perturbed away from the equilibrium, tending to bring the system back the equilibrium position. For example, when a pendulum is displaced from its equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back toward the equilibrium position. The restoring force combined with the pendulum's mass causes it to oscillate about the equilibrium position.

restore; → force.

restrain
  بازداشتن   
bâzdâštan (#)

Fr.: restreindre   

To hold back from action; keep in check; repress; to limit or hamper the activity, or effect of.

M.E. restreynen, from O.Fr. restreindre "press, push together; curb, bridle;" from L. restringere "to draw back tightly, confine," from → re- "back" + stringere "draw tight," → strain.

Bâzdâštan, from bâz- prefix denoting "reversal, opposition," → re-, + dâštan "to hold," → property.

restrict
  فروداشتن، فروداریدن   
forudâštan, forudâridan

Fr.: restreindre   

To confine or keep within limits. → restricted three-body problem.

From L. restrictus, p.p. of restringere "to restrict, bind fast, restrain," from → re- "back" + stringere "to draw tight."

Forudâštan "to keep down, hold under control, bring to a halt" (Steingass, Dehxodâ), from foru- "down, downward," → de-, + dâšt past stem of dâštan "to have, to possess" (Mid.Pers. dâštan; O.Pers./Av. root dar- "to hold, keep back, maintain, keep in mind;" cf. Skt. dhr-, dharma- "law;" Gk. thronos "elevated seat, throne;" L. firmus "firm, stable;" Lith. daryti "to make;" PIE *dher- "to hold, support") + -an infinitive suffix.
Forudâridan, from foru- + dâr present stem of dâštan + -idan

restricted three-body problem
  پراسه‌ی ِ سه‌جسم ِ فروداریده   
parâse-ye seh jesm-e forudâridé

Fr.: problème restreint à trois corps   

A special case of the → three-body problem in which the → mass of one of the bodies is negligible compared to that of the two others. If the relative motion of the two massive components is a circle, the situation is referred to as the → circular restricted three-body problem. An example would be a space probe moving in the → gravitational fields of the → Earth and the → Moon, which revolve very nearly in circles about their common → center of mass.

restrict; → three; → body; → problem.

restriction
  فرودارش   
forudâreš

Fr.: restriction   

The act of restricting, the state or the condition of being restricted.

Verbal noun, → restrict + → -tion.

result
  بر‌آیه   
barâyé

Fr.: résultat   

General: Something that happens as a consequence; outcome.
Math.: A quantity, expression, etc., obtained by calculation. → resultant.

M.E. resulten (v.); L. resultare "to result," in classical L. "to spring forward, rebound," frequentative of p.p. of resilire "to rebound," from re- "back" + salire "to jump, leap."

Barâyé, literally "upcoming," from bar- "on; up; upon; in; into; at; forth; with; near; before; according to" (Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy "above; over, upon, according to;" Av. upairi "above, over," upairi.zəma- "located above the earth;" cf. Gk. hyper- "over, above;" L. super-; O.H.G. ubir "over;" PIE base *uper "over") + ây- present stem of âmadan "to come, arrive, become" (Av. ay- "to go, to come," aēiti "goes;" O.Pers. aitiy "goes;" Skt. e- "to come near," eti "arrival;" L. ire "to go;" Goth. iddja "went," Lith. eiti "to go;" Rus. idti "to go") + -e nuance suffix.

resultant
  بر‌آیند   
barâyand (#)

Fr.: résultante   

Physics: The single vector obtained by applying vector addition to two or more given vectors.

M.E., n. use of L. resultant-, pr.p. of resultare, → result.

Barâyand, from bar, → result, + -âyand short for âyandé agent noun of âmadan "to come, arrive, become," → result.

resultant acceleration
  شتاب ِ بر‌آیند   
šetâb-e barâyand (#)

Fr.: accélération résultante   

An acceleration that results from the vector addition of two or more distinct accelerations.

resultant; → acceleration.

resultant force
  نیروی ِ بر‌آیند   
niru-ye barâyand (#)

Fr.: force résultante   

A single force which has the same effect as all other applied forces collectively.

resultant; → force.

retard
  دیرکرد   
dirkard (#)

Fr.: retard   

A slowing down, holding back, or hindrance,

M.E., from M.Fr., from L retardare "to make slow, delay, keep back, hinder," from → re-, intensive prefix, + tardare "to slow."

Dirkard "delay," from dir "slowly, tardily; late" (Mid.Pers. dêr, variants dagr, drâz "long;" (Mod.Pers. derâz "long," variant Laki, Kurdi derež); O.Pers. darga- "long;" Av. darəga-, darəγa- "long," drājištəm "longest;" cf. Skt. dirghá- "long (in space and time);" L. longus "long;" Gk. dolikhos "elongated;" O.H.G., Ger. lang; Goth. laggs "long;" PIE base *dlonghos- "long") + kard past stem of kardan "to do, to make" (kâr "work," varaint kar (Mid.Pers. kardan; O.Pers./Av. kar- "to do, make, build;" Av. kərənaoiti "he makes;" cf. Skt. kr- "to do, to make," krnoti "he makes, he does," karoti "he makes, he does," karma "act, deed;" PIE base kwer- "to do, to make").

retardation
  دیرکرد   
dirkard (#)

Fr.: retard   

The act of retarding or state of being retarded. → retardation plate.

Verbal noun of → retard.

retardation plate
  تیغه‌ی ِ دیرکرد   
tiqe-ye dirkard

Fr.: lame à retard   

Same as → wave plate.

retardation; → plate.

retarded field
  میدان ِ دیررس   
meydân-e dirras

Fr.: champ retardé   

The electric or magnetic field that is derived from the → retarded potentials.

Retarded, adj. of → retard; → field.

retarded potential
  توند ِ دیررس   
tavand-e dirras

Fr.: potentiel retardé   

The → electromagnetic potential at an instant in time and a point in space as a function of the charges and currents that existed at earlier times.

Retarded, adj. of → retard; → potential.

retarded wave
  موج ِ دیررس   
mowj-e dirras

Fr.: onde retardée   

An ordinary electromagnetic wave that goes forward with time. → Maxwell's equations are indifferent to the distinction between past and future. It is therefore permissible for the electromagnetic waves to go backward in time. Forward-in-time waves are called retarded, as they arrive after they are sent by the transmitter. Backward-in-time waves are called → advanced wave.

Retarded, adj. of → retard; → wavel.

rete
  تنندو، عنکبوت   
tanandu, ankabut

Fr.: araignée   

The component of a → planispheric astrolabe that is held against the → tympanum by the → horse, but can rotate freely in the → mater around the → pin to simulate the daily movement of the stars in the sky. It is the most characteristic part of the planispheric astrolabe.

From L. rete "net."

Tanandu "spider," from tanidan "to spin," → tension; ankabut "spider," loan from Arab.

reticle
  تاربست   
târbast (#)

Fr.: réticule   

A system of intersecting lines which are placed in the focus of the objective of an optical instrument to aid in sighting; aligning, or measuring. Same as reticule.

From L. reticulum "little net," from to ret(e) "net" + -i- + -culum variant of → -ula.

Târbast, from târ "thread, warp, string" (related to tur "net, fishing net, snare," tâl "thread" (Borujerdi dialect), tân "thread, warp of a web," from tanidan, tan- "to spin, twist, weave;" Mid.Pers. tanitan; Av. tan- to stretch, extend;" cf. Skt. tan- to stretch, extend;" tanoti "stretches," tántra- "warp; essence, main point;" Gk. teinein "to stretch, pull tight;" L. tendere "to stretch;" Lith. tiñklas "net, fishing net, snare," Latv. tikls "net;" PIE base *ten- "to stretch") + bast "joined, tied," past stem of bastan, vastan "to bind, shut" (O.Pers./Av. band- "to bind, fetter," banda- "band, tie" (cf. Skt. bandh- "to bind, tie, fasten;" PIE *bhendh- "to bind;" Ger. binden; E. bind).

Reticulum
  تور   
Tur (#)

Fr.: Réticule   

The Net. A small constellation in the southern hemisphere, at 4h right ascension, 62° south declination. It is centred on a group of stars with magnitudes 3.4 to 5 just north-west of the → Large Magellanic Cloud, and about halfway between → Canopus and → Achernar. Abbreviation: Ret; genitive: Reticuli.

L. reticulum "little net," named in 1752 by Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (1713-1762) to commemorate the reticle, an instrument he used to measure star positions. The constellation was first published by Isaak Habrecht of Strasbourg as the Rhombus, but was renamed by Lacaille as Reticulum Rhomboidalis.

Tur "net, fishing net, snare," related to târ "thread, warp, string," tâl "thread" (Borujerdi dialect), tân "thread, warp of a web," from tanidan, tan- "to spin, twist, weave" (Mid.Pers. tanitan; Av. tan- to stretch, extend;" cf. Skt. tan- to stretch, extend;" tanoti "stretches," tántra- "warp; essence, main point;" Gk. teinein "to stretch, pull tight;" L. tendere "to stretch;" Lith. tiñklas "net, fishing net, snare," Latv. tikls "net;" PIE base *ten- "to stretch").

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>