An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
system noise
  نوفه‌ی ِ راژمان   
nufe-ye râžmân

Fr.: bruit de système   

The noise in a radio telescope, composed of the receiver noise and the sky noise.

system; → noise.

systematic
  راژمان‌مند   
râžmânmand

Fr.: systématique   

Having, showing, or involving a system, method, or plan.

L.L., from Gk. systematikos; → system; → -ic.

Râžmânvâr, râžmânmand, from râžmân, → system, + -mand suffix of possession.

systematic error
  ایرنگ ِ راژمان‌مند   
irang-e râžmânmand

Fr.: erreur systématique   

The error that is constant in a series of repetitions of the same experiment or observation. Usually, systematic error is defined as the expected value of the overall error. opposite of → random error.

systematic; → error.

systematics
  راژمان‌مندیک   
râžmânmandik

Fr.: systématique, taxinomie   

Biology: The science that deals with the systematic naming and classification of all kinds of organisms.

From → systematic + → -ics.

systemic
  راژمانی   
râžmâni

Fr.: systémique   

Relating to or affecting a system as a whole.

system; → -ic.

systems theory
  نگره‌ی ِ راژمان   
negare-ye râžmân

Fr.: théorie des systèmes   

An interdisciplinary field of science which deals with the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science, and studies complex parts of reality as systems.

system; → theory.

syzygy
  یوجان   
yujân

Fr.: syzygie   

The alignment of three or more celestial bodies in the same gravitational system along a nearly straight line.
Conjunction or opposition of a heavenly body with the Sun.

From L.L. syzygia, from Gk. syzygia "yoke, pair, union of two, conjunction," from syzygein "to yoke together," from → syn- "together" + zygon "yoke," cognate with Pers. yuq, jug "yoke," as below.

Yujân from yuj "yoke," variants yuq, juh (Mid.Pers. jug, ayoxtan "to join, yoke;" Av. yaog- "to yoke, put to; to join, unite;" cf. Skt. yugam "yoke;" Hittite yugan "yoke;" Gk. zygon "yoke," as above, zeugnyanai "to join, unite;" L. jungere "to join," O.C.S. igo, O.Welsh iou, Lith. jungas O.E. geoc. PIE base *yeug- "to join") + -ân suffix of place and time.

T association
  آهزش ِ T   
âhazeš-e T

Fr.: association T   

A → stellar association containing many → T Tauri stars. Examples include the Taurus-Auriga T association, the nearby → TW Hydrae association, and Vela T1 and T2.

T, letter of alphabet; → association.

T dwarf
  کوتوله‌ی ِ T   
kutule-ye T

Fr.: naine T   

A type of → brown dwarf with an → effective temperature between about 1200 K and 500 K, i.e. colder than the preceding type → L dwarf. The spectra of T dwarfs are characterized by the presence of → methane (CH4) bands in the → near infrared. The presence of these bands, broad H2O features, and H2 collision-induced absorption radically alter the spectral energy distributions of T dwarfs compared to a black body at the same temperature. Hence near-infrared colors become increasingly blue (J - K ~ 0) as compared to L dwarfs. The first T dwarf, called → Gl 229B, was discovered by Nakajima et al. (1995, Nature 378, 463). The spectral classification scheme (subtypes T0 to T9) currently used was defined by Burgasser et al. (2002, ApJ 564, 421).

For the reasoning behind the choice of the letter T, see Kirkpatrick et al. 1993, ApJ 406, 701; → dwarf.

T Tauri
   T-گاو   
T Gâv

Fr.: T Tauri   

The most famous young stellar object, the prototype of → T Tauri stars which is located in the Taurus-Auriga star forming region at a distance of about 140 pc. T Tauri is about 2.4 solar masses and about 7 million years old. Complex structures of shock heated gas indicative of outflows surround the star, both on sub-arcsecond and larger scales. The → accretion rate is estimated to be (3-6) x 10-8 solar masses per year. T Tauri has a companion (about 0.7 arcseconds apart) which is invisible in the optical and has been observed to be strongly variable in infrared. It is an intermediate mass young star (2.5 solar masses) surrounded by a → circumstellar disk. This star is itself a → close binary, the component being a low mass star (0.6 solar masses) also surrounded by circumstellar material.

T, letter of alphabet; Tauri genitive of → Taurus.

T Tauri star
  ستاره‌ی ِ T-گاو   
setâre-ye T-Gâv

Fr.: étoile T Tauri   

A member of a class of young stellar objects of roughly 1 solar mass showing strong → infrared excess emission attributed to → circumstellar disks and found within or close to molecular clouds. T Tauri stars are → protostars in the final stages of formation to become a stable → main sequence star. The nuclear reactions in their core have not yet stabilised and the stars are known for the variability of their brightness. See also → classical T Tauri star, → weak-line T Tauri star.

T Tauri; → star.

T-symmetry
  همامونی ِ زمانی   
hamâmuni-ye zamâni

Fr.: symétrie T   

The symmetry of physical laws under a time reversal transformation.

T for → time; → symmetry.

table
  جدول   
jadval (#)

Fr.: table, tableau   

1) An arrangement of words, numbers, or signs, or combinations of them, in parallel columns, to exhibit a set of facts or relations in a definite, compact, and comprehensive form.
2) In particular, → zij

M.E.; O.E. tabule; O.Fr. table "board, plank, writing table" (cf. O.H.G. zabel, Ger. Tafel), both from L. tabula "a board, plank, table," originally "small flat slab or piece" usually for inscriptions or for games.

Jadval, loan from Ar. jadwal.

tablet
  پرنیک   
parnik

Fr.: tablette   

A flat slab or surface, especially one bearing or intended to bear an inscription, carving, or the like (Dictionary.com).

M.E. tablette, from M.Fr. tablete, diminutive from → table.

Parnik, literally "laminar, resembling a leaf, leaf-like," variant parnix [Dehxodâ] "a stone or marble slab, a plane stone," ultimately from Proto-Ir. *parnika-, from *parn-, *par- "feather; leaf, thin layer;" cf. Av. parəna- "feather," Skt. parna- "feather; leaf (regarded as the plumage of a tree)," Mod.Pers. par(r) "feather; leaf;" PIE *pornos-, *pernom- "feather" (E. fern and Ger. Farn belong to this family). See also → slate.

tachocline
  تنداشیب   
tondâšib

Fr.: tachocline   

A thin → transition  → layer inside → Sun, between the → differentially rotating  → convection zone and the uniformly rotating → radiative zone. Discovered through → helioseismology, it has raised considerable interest, but its thinness remains still to be explained. Due to its strong → shear, it is believed to play a crucial role in the generation of the → solar magnetic field.

Tachocline, from tacho- a combining form meaning "speed," → tachyon + → -cline "slope." The term was first coined by Edward A. Spiegel and Jean-Paul Zahn (1992, A&A 265, 106), by analogy to the oceanic → thermocline.

Tondâšib, from tondâ, → velocity, + šib, → -cline.

tachyon
  تاکیون   
tâkion (#)

Fr.: tachyon   

A hypothetical subatomic particle that travels faster than the speed of light.

From tachy- a combining form meaning "swift," from Gk. tachys "swift" + → -on.

tadpole
  وگیز   
vagiz

Fr.: têtard   

The aquatic larva of → frogs and → toads, having internal gills and a tail (TheFreeDictionary).

From M.E. taddepol, from tadde "toad" + polle "head," from M.L.G. or M.Du. pol "head, top."

Vagiz, from Tabari vag "→ frog" + -iz, -ize diminutive suffix (variants -ce, -že, -ak, Mid.Pers -cak).

tadpole orbit
  مدار ِ وگیزی   
madâr-e vagizi

Fr.: orbite en forme de têtard   

A shorter → horseshoe orbit confined to the → Lagrangian points L4 or L5.

tadpole; → orbit.

tail
  دم، دنباله   
dom (#), donbâlé (#)

Fr.: queue   

1) The part that sticks out at the back of an animal's body, and that it can move.
2) Anything resembling such an appendage in form or position.
3) → cometary tail.

M.E.; O.E. tægl, from P.Gmc. *tagla- (cf. O.H.G. zagal, Ger. Zagel "tail," O.N. tagl "horse's tail").

Dom, variant domb, "tail;" Mid.Pers. dumb "tail;" Av. duma- "tail"; donbâlé, from domb + -âlé, -âl resemblance suffix, → -al.

take
  گرفتن   
gereftan (#)

Fr.: prendre   

To get into one's hold or possession by voluntary action; to hold, grasp, or grip (Dictionary.com).

M.E. taken "to take, strike, grasp," O.E. tacan "to grasp, touch," probably from Old Norse taka "to take, grasp;" cf. M.Du. taken "to grasp;," Gothic tekan "to touch."

Gereftan "to take, seize, hold;" Mid.Pers. griftan, gir- "to take, hold, restrain;" O.Pers./Av. grab- "to take, seize;" cf. Skt. grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha- "seizing, holding, perceiving;" M.L.G. grabben "to grab;" E. grab "to take or grasp suddenly;" PIE *ghrebh- "to seize;" see also → assumption, → concept.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>