An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
wind vane
  بادنما   
bâdnemâ (#)

Fr.: girouette   

An object that is balanced on a rotating axis and indicates the direction of the wind. Also called a weather vane.

wind + vane "a blade, plate," O.E. fanafana "piece of cloth," O.H.G. fano, Ger. Fahne "flag, standard."

Bbâdnemâ "wind indicator," from bâd, → wind, + nemâ, from nemudan, → planetarium.

wind velocity
  تندای ِ باد   
tondâ-ye bâd

Fr.: vitesse de vent   

The speed at which the → stellar wind is forced away from the star. Wind velocities of → hot stars are directly measured from → P Cygni profiles, which indicate velocities from several hundred to several thousand km s-1. See also → escape velocity, → terminal velocity, → velocity law, → radiation-driven wind, → CAK model.

wind; → velocity.

winding problem
  پراسه‌ی ِ پیچش   
parâse-ye piceš

Fr.: problème d'enroulement   

The problem encountered in the explanation of the → spiral arms of galaxies if the material making up a spiral arm is static, that is remains in the arm. Since galaxies exhibit → differential rotation, stars near the center take less time to orbit the center than those farther from the center. The arm would, after a few → galactic rotations, become increasingly curved and wind around the → galaxy ever tighter until it ultimately disappears. This is inconsistent with observations.

window
  روزنه   
rowzané (#)

Fr.: fenêtre   

1) Anything likened to a window in appearance or function.
2) In particular, the wavelength region in the electromagnetic spectrum that is relatively unaffected by atmospheric absorption. → atmospheric windows; → infrared window; → optical window; → radio window.

Window literally "wind eye," from O.N. vindauga, from vindr, → wind, + auga, → eye.

Rowzané, from rowzan "window, aperture;" Mid.Pers. rocânak "window," rôšn "light; bright, luminous," from Av. raocana- "bright, shining, radiant," raocah- "light, luminous; daylight," related to Mod.Pers. ruz "day," from Mid.Pers. rôc, O.Pers. raucah-; akin to Skt. rocaná- "bright, shining," roka- "brightness, light;" Gk. leukos "white, clear;" L. lux "light" (also lumen, luna); PIE base *leuk- "light, brightness." The Persian words rowšan "bright, clear," foruq "light," and afruxtan "to light, kindle" also belong to this family, as well as the E. light, Ger. Licht, and Fr. lumière; forusorxinfrarouge.

window function
  کریای ِ روزنه   
karyâ-ye rowzané

Fr.: fonction fenêtre   

A function whose value is zero outside a given interval. Applications of window functions include signal filtering and spectral analysis. The various types of windw functions include: → rectangular window, cosine window, triangular window, Gaussian window, Hanning window, and so on.

window; → function.

wine
  می، باده، نبید   
mey (#), bâdé (#), nabid (#)

Fr.: vin   

The fermented juice of grapes, made in many varieties, such as red, white, sweet, dry, still, and sparkling, for use as a beverage, in cooking, in religious rites, etc., and usually having an alcoholic content of 14 percent or less (Dictionary.com).

M.E., O.E. win, cognate with O.H.G. win, Du. wijn, Ger. Wein, from L. vinum "wine," from PIE *woin-o-, related Gk. word oinos.

Mey, variant mol "wine;" Mid.Pers. mad, may "wine;" Av. maδu- "wine;" cf. Skt. madhu- "wine, sweet drink, sweet;" Gk. methy "wine;" O.C.S. medu; Lith. medus "honey;" O.Irish mid; Welsh medd; Breton mez "mead;" O.E. medu; E. mead "fermented honey drink;" Russ. medved "(honey-eater) bear."
Bâdé, from Mid.Pers. bâdag, from O.Pers. *bātu- "wine" (from bātu-gara- "cup, bowl"); cf. Khotanese Saka bātaa- "wine;" O.Pers. *batiaka- "cup, bowl" (cf. Pers. bâdiyé "bowl") loaned in Gk. batiaké "bowl, cup."
Nabid, "wine, date-wine," ultimately from Proto-Ir. *paH- "to drink;" cf. Av. paitīš- "drink" in vīspô.paitīš- "having all sorts of drinks;" pitu- "juice, food;" Wakhi puv-, pəv-, pit-; Sanglechi pöv-/pövδ- "to drink;" Skt. pā- "to drink;" Gk. pinein "to drink;" L. bibere "to drink," related to potare "to drink."

wing
  بال   
bâl (#)

Fr.: aile   

1) Either of the two limbs of a bird allowing her to fly. → Pegasus.
2) Either of the large flat structures in an aircraft's body that provide the main source of lift.
3) In spectroscopy, same as → line wing.

M.E. wenge from O.N. vængr "wing of a bird, aisle, etc." (cf. Dan., Swed. vinge "wing").

Bâl "wing," Mid.Pers. bâl, variant of par / parr "feather, " with the conversion of p to b and r to l; Av. parəna- "feather;" cf. Skt. parnam; O.H.G. farn "fern;" PIE pornom "feather."

Wing-Ford band
  باند ِ وینگ-فورد   
bând-e Wing-Ford

Fr.: bande de Wing-Ford   

A spectral feature at 9850-10200 Å appearing in the spectrum of some late-type → M dwarfs. It is attributed to iron hybrid (FeH), a typical signature of the atmospheres of the coolest stars.

First detected by R. F. Wing and W. K. Ford (1969, PASP 81, 527); → band.

winter
  زمستان   
zemestân (#)

Fr.: hiver   

The season beginning at the → winter solstice, about December 22 and lasting until the → vernal equinox, about March 21.

M.E., OE; cf. O.Fris., Du. winter, O.S., O.H.G. wintar, Ger. winter, Dan., Swed. vinter, Goth. wintrus "winter"),

Zemestân "winter," related to zam "cold," Mid.Pers. zam, zamistân "winter;" Av. zimô "winter;" cf. Skt. hima- "cold, frost;" Ossetic zymæg/zumæg "winter;" Gk. xeimon "winter;" L. hiems "winter;" Lith. ziema "winter;" PIE *gheim- "snow, winter."

winter solstice
  خوریستان ِ زمستانی   
xoristân-e zemestâni

Fr.: solstice d'hiver   

The moment in the northern hemisphere when the → Sun attains its lowest → declination of -23°26' (or -23°.44) with respect the → equator plane. It happens when the Earth's axis is orientated directly away from the Sun, on 21 or 22 December. During the northern winter solstice the Sun appears to be directly overhead at noon for places situated at → latitude 23.44 degrees south, known as the → tropic of Capricorn. The winter solstice can occur at any moment during the day. Two successive winter solstices are shifted in time by about 6 h. The winter solstice in the northern hemisphere is the → summer solstice in the southern hemisphere.

winter; → solstice..

wire
  سیم   
sim (#)

Fr.: fil   

A slender flexible thread or rod of metal.

M.E., O.E. wir, cf. O.N. viravirka "filigree work," Swed. vira "to twist," O.H.G. wiara "fine gold work."

Sim "wire," initially "strand of silver," from sim "silver," from Mid.Pers. asêm "silver," from Gk. asemon "without mark, uncoined, shapeless, formless," from argurion asemon "uncoined money." For semantic similarity, see → silver.

wisdom
  خرد   
xerad (#)

Fr.: sagesse   

The quality or state of being → wise; knowledge of what is true or right coupled with just judgment as to action; sagacity, discernment, or insight (Dictionary.com). Wisdom is gained over the years through experience. It is the insight in knowing the probable outcome learned through experience. In contrast, → reason is using the → rational → reasoning to evaluate pros and cons in making a decision.

M.E.; O.E. wisdom, from wis "→ wise" + -dom. The first component is related to → vision and Pers. bin, didan "to see."

Xerad "understanding, judjement, intellect, wisdom;" Mid.Pers. xrad "reason, intellect, intelligence, wisdom, understanding;" O.Pers. xraθu- "wisdom;" Av. xratu- "intelligence, understanding, wisdom; will, purpose, council;" cf. Skt. krátu- "power, will-power;" Gk. kratos "power, strength."

wise
  خردمند   
xeradmand (#)

Fr.: sage   

Having the power of discerning and judging properly as to what is true or right; possessing discernment, judgment, or discretion (Dictionary.com).

From M.E. wis, wys, from O.E. wis ("wise"), cognate with Du. wijs, Ger. weise, Norw. and Swed. vis.

Xeradmand, from xerad, → wisdom, + -mand relatrion and possession suffix.

WN Wolf-Rayet
  وُلف-رایه‌ی ِ WN   
Wolf-Rayet-e WN

Fr.: Wolf-Rayet WN   

A → Wolf-Rayet star whose spectrum is dominated by emission lines of ionized nitrogen: N II 3995 Å, N III 4634-4661 Å, N III 5314 Å, N IV 3479-3484 Å, N IV 4058 Å, N V 4603 Å, N V 4619 Å, and N V 4933-4944 Å. This type is divided in sub-types WN2 to WN11.

W short for Wolf-Rayet star, N for → nitrogen.

WN/WC star
  ستاره‌ی ِ WN/WC   
setâre-ye WN/WC

Fr.: étoile WN/WC   

An object showing signatures of both → WN Wolf-Rayet stars and → WC Wolf-Rayet stars in the same spectrum, originating from individual stars rather than from WN + WC → binary systems. Such a WN/WC signature implies that the surface composition of the star is → nitrogen and → carbon enriched. This hybrid state results from a mixing process between He-burning → convective core and the overlying nitrogen enriched layers. According to model predictions, this situation corresponds to a short transition phase, lasting 103 to 104 years, during which a WN star evolves into a WC star. The WN/WC stars so far detected are all of early types.

WN Wolf-Rayet; → WC Wolf-Rayet.

WN10 star
  ستاره‌ی ِ WN10   
setâre-ye WN10

Fr.: étoile WN10   

A → WN Wolf-Rayet star whose spectrum shows the following emission line characteristics: N III 4634-4641, 5314 Å as strong as N II 3995 Å, Balmer lines, He I with → P Cygni profile.

W, from → Wolf-Rayet; N, from → nitrogen; → star.

WN11 star
  ستاره‌ی ِ WN11   
setâre-ye WN11

Fr.: étoile WN11   

A → WN Wolf-Rayet star whose spectrum shows the following emission line characteristics: N II 3995 Å as strong as He II 4686 Å, N III 4634-4641, 5314 Å weak or absent, Balmer lines, He I with → P Cygni profile.

W, from → Wolf-Rayet; N, from → nitrogen; → star.

WN2 star
  ستاره‌ی ِ WN2   
setâre-ye WN2

Fr.: étoile WN2   

A → WN Wolf-Rayet star whose spectrum shows the following emission line characteristics: N V 4603, 4619 Å weak or absent,He II 4686 Å strong.

W, from → Wolf-Rayet; N, from → nitrogen; → star.

WN2.5 star
  ستاره‌ی ِ WN2.5   
setâre-ye WN2.5

Fr.: étoile WN2.5   

A → WN Wolf-Rayet star whose spectrum shows the following emission line characteristics: N V 4603, 4619 Å present, N IV 3479-3484, 4058 Å absent.

W, from → Wolf-Rayet; N, from → nitrogen; → star.

WN3 star
  ستاره‌ی ِ WN3   
setâre-ye WN3

Fr.: étoile WN3   

A → WN Wolf-Rayet star whose spectrum shows the following emission line characteristics: N IV 3479-3484, 4058 Å very weaker than N V 3479-3484, 4058 Å and N III 4634-4641, 5314 Å weak or absent.

W, from → Wolf-Rayet; N, from → nitrogen; → star.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>