An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
binary pulsar
  پولسار ِ درین، تپار ِ ~   
pulsâr-e dorin, tapâr-e ~

Fr.: pulsar binaire   

A pulsar in a → binary system, the companion of which often being a → neutron star or a → white dwarf. The only known binary system with two pulsars components is the → double pulsar. As of 2010 about 70 binary pulsars have been identified. They are ideal laboratories for testing and studying the effects predicted by → general relativity, such as → spin precession, → Shapiro time delay, and → gravitational waves. The prototype, called PSR 1913+16, was discovered in 1974 by Russell A. Hulse and Joseph H. Taylor, Jr., who received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1993. → Hulse-Taylor pulsar.

binary; → pulsar.

binary star
  ستاره‌ی ِ درین   
setâre-ye dorin

Fr.: étoile binaire   

Two stars gravitationally bound to each other, so that they revolve around their common center of gravity. → double star; → spectroscopic binary.

binary; → star.

Setâré, → star; dorin, → binary.

binary supermassive black hole
  سیه‌چال ِ ابر-پرجرم ِ درین   
siyah-câl-e abar-porjerm-e dorin

Fr.: trou noir supermassif double   

A → dual supermassive black hole whose components are separated by a few parsecs.

binary; → supermassive; → black; → hole.

binary system
  راژمان ِ درین   
râžmân-e dorin

Fr.: système binaire   

Two astronomical objects revolving around their common center of mass.

binary; → system.

Râžmân, → system; dorinbinary.

binary tree
  درخت ِ درین   
deraxt-e dorin

Fr.: arbre binaire   

In → graph theory, an → ordered tree with all → nodes having at most two → children.

binary; → tree.

bind
  بندیدن   
bandidan (#)

Fr.: lier   

To tie, to fasten, to cause ti stick together.

O.E. bindan "to tie up with bonds," PIE base *bhendh- "to bind;" cf. Av./O.Pers. band- "to bind, fetter," banda- "band, tie," Skt. bandh- "to bind, tie, fasten," bandhah "a tying, bandage."

Bandidan "to bind, confine" [Mo'in, Dehxodâ], from band "band, tie" + -idan infinitive suffix; cognate with E. bind, as explained above.

binding energy
  کاروژ ِ بندش، ~ همگیری   
kâruž-e bandeš, ~ hamgiri

Fr.: énergie de liaison   

1) Of a gravitational system, the difference in energies between the hypothetical state where all bodies of the system are infinitely separated from each other and the actual bound state.
2) The energy which must be supplied to a nucleus in order to cause it to decompose into its constituent neutrons and protons.

Binding, noun from → bind; → energy.

Kâruž, → energy; bandeš noun from bandidan, → bind.

binning
  باوینش   
bâvineš

Fr.: binage   

Combining a few adjacent CCD pixels in bins, during readout; the method used to assemble the bins and transfer the charge by means of an electronic clock. Binning improves signal-to-noise ratio at the expense of spatial resolution.

Binning, from → bin.

Bâvineš, from bâvin, → bin.

binoculars
  دوچشمی، دوربین ِ ~   
docašmi (#), durbin-e ~ (#)

Fr.: binoculaire   

A small optical instrument with two tubes that is used to magnify the view of distant or astronomical objects. → prism binoculars.

From Fr. binoculaire, from binocle, from L. bini "double" (L. bis, bi- "twice," Av. biš "twice") + ocularis "of the eye," from oculus "eye" (compare with Av. axš-, aš- "eye," Skt. akshi- "eye," Gk. ops "eye," opsis "sight, appearance," from PIE okw- "to see;" also O.E. ege, eage, from P.Gmc. *augon, Goth. augo, Lith. akis, Armenian aku).

Docašmi "binocular," from do, → two + cašm, → eye, + -i adj. suffix; durbin, → telescope.

binomial
  دونامین   
donâmin

Fr.: 1) binôme; 2) binomial   

1a) An algebraic expression containing 2 terms, as x + y and 2x2 - 3x. In other words, a → polynomial with 2 terms.
1b) Biology: A pair of Latin (or latinized) words forming a scientific name for organisms. The first word represents the genus, and the second the species.
2) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of a binomial.

From L.L. binomi(us) "having two names," + → -al, → nominal.

binomial coefficient
  همگر ِ دونامین   
hamgar-e donâmin

Fr.: coefficient binomial   

The factor multiplying the variable in a term of a → binomial expansion. For example, in (x + y)4 = x4 + 4x3y + 6x2y2 + 4xy3 + y4 the binomial coefficients are 1, 4, 6, 4, and 1. In general, the r-th binomial coefficient in the expression (x + y)n is: (n,r) = n!/[r!(n - r)!].

binomial; → coefficient.

binomial differential
  دگرسانه‌ی ِ دونامین   
degarsâne-ye donâmin

Fr.: binôme différentiel   

An expression of the form xm(a + bxn)pdx, where m, n, p, a, and b are constants.

binomial; → differential.

binomial distribution
  واباژش ِ دونامین   
vâbâžeš-e donâmin

Fr.: distribution binomiale   

A probability distribution for independent events for which there are only two possible outcomes i.e., success and failure. The probability of x successes in n trials is: P(x) = [n!/x!(n - x)!] px.qn - x, where p is the probability of success and q = 1 - p the probability of failure on each trial. These probabilities are given in terms of the → binomial theorem expansion of (p + q)n.

binomial; → distribution.

binomial expansion
  سپانش ِ دونامین   
sopâneš-e donâmin

Fr.: expansion binomiale   

A rule for the expansion of an expression of the form (x + y)n. The variables x and y can be any → real numbers and n is an → integer. The general formula is known as the → binomial theorem.

binomial; → expansion.

binomial nomenclature
  نامگذاری ِ دونامین   
nâmgozâri-ye donâmin

Fr.: nomenclature binomiale   

A system introduced by Carl von Linné (1707-1778), the Swedish botanist, in which each organism is identified by two names. The first is the name of the genus (generic name), written with a capital letter. The second is the name of the species (specific name). The generic and specific names are in Latin and are printed in italic type. For example, human beings belong to species Homo sapiens.

binomial; → nomenclature.

binomial theorem
  فربین ِ دونامین   
farbin-e donâmin

Fr.: théorème du binôme   

A rule for writing an equivalent expansion of an expression such as (a + b)n without having to perform all multiplications involved. → binomial expansion. The general expression is (a + b)n = &Sigma (n,k)akbn - k, where the summation is from k = 0 to n, and (n,k) = n!/[r!(n - k)!]. For n = 2, (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2. Historically, the binomial theorem as applied to (a + b)2 was known to Euclid (320 B.C.) and other early Greek mathematicians. In the tenth century the Iranian mathematician Karaji (953-1029) knew the binomial theorem and its accompanying table of → binomial coefficients, now known as → Pascal's triangle. Subsequently Omar Khayyam (1048-1131) asserted that he could find the 4th, 5th, 6th, and higher roots of numbers by a special law which did not depend on geometric figures. Khayyam's treatise concerned with his findings is lost. In China there appeared in 1303 a work containing the binomial coefficients arranged in triangular form. The complete generalization of the binomial theorem for all values of n, including negative integers, was established by Isaac Newton (1642-1727).

binomial; → theorem.

bio-
  زیست-   
zist- (#)

Fr.: bio-   

Bio-, Gk., from bios "life," from PIE base *gweie- "to live;" cf. O.Pers./Av. gay- "to live," Av. gaya- "life," gaeθâ- "being, world, mankind," jivya-, jva- "aliving, alive," Skt. jivah "alive, living;" Mid.Pers. zivastan "to live," zivik, zivandag "alive, living," L. vivus "living, alive," vita "life," O.E. cwic "alive," E. quick, Lith. gyvas "living, alive."

Zist "life, existence," from zistan "to live," Mid.Pers. zivastan "to live," zivižn "life," O.Pers./Av. gay-, as explained above.

bioastronomy
  زیست‌اخترشناسی   
zistaxtaršenâsi (#)

Fr.: bioastronomie   

A common branch of astronomy and biology dealing with the study of life throughout the Universe; synonymous with → astrobiology and → exobiology.

Bioastronomy, from → bio- + → astronomy.

Zistaxtaršenâsi, from zist-, → bio-, + axtaršenâsi, → astronomy.

biodiversity
  زیست‌گوناگونی   
zistgunâguni

Fr.: biodiversité   

The → variety of → plant and → animal → species in a particular → environment.

bio-; → diversity.

bioinformatics
  زیست-ازداییک   
zist-azdâyik

Fr.: bioinformatique   

The retrieval and analysis of biochemical and biological data using mathematics and computer science, as in the study of genomes (Dictionary.com).

bio-; → informatics.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>