An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 158 Search : ear
nuclear waste
  آخال ِ هسته‌ای   
âxâl-e haste-yi (#)

Fr.: déchets nucléaires   

A particular type of radioactive waste that is produced as part of the nuclear fuel cycle. These include extraction of uranium from ore, concentration of uranium, processing into nuclear fuel, and disposal of byproducts.

nuclear; → waste.

ordinary year
  سال ِ شونیک   
sâl-e šunik

Fr.: année ordinaire   

A → calendar year that contains 365 days and therefore is not a → leap year.

ordinary; → year.

pearl
  مروارید   
morvârid (#)

Fr.: perle   

A secretion consisting mainly of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, produced by various mollusks.

M.E. perle, from O.Fr. perle, M.L. perla of unknown origin.

Morvârid "pearl;" Mid.Pers. murwârid, murgârid; cf. Sogd. marγārit, marrγārt; Khotanese mrāhe. Gk. margarites "pearl" may be a loanword from Iranian.

Platonic year
  سال ِ پلاتونی، ~ افلاتونی   
sâl-e Plâtoni, ~ Aflâtuni

Fr.: année platonique   

The time required for a complete revolution of the Earth's pole on the celestial sphere as the result of → precession. A Platonic year is equal to 25 800 years.

Of or pertaining to Gk. philosopher Plato, from Gk. Platon "broad-shouldered," from platys "broad." → year.

proto-Earth
  پوروا-زمین   
purvâ-Zamin

Fr.: proto-Terre   

The planet Earth during its → protoplanetary stage.

proto-; → Earth.

pycnonuclear reaction
  واژیرش ِ چگال‌هسته‌ای   
vâžireš-e cagâl-hasteyi

Fr.: réaction pycnonucléaire   

A nuclear reaction that takes place at high densities and relatively low temperatures. Pycnonuclear reactions are almost temperature independent and occur even at zero temperature. These reactions are extremely slow at densities typical for normal stars but intensify with increasing density. For example, carbon burns into heavier elements at densities over 1010 g cm-3.

Pycnonuclear, from pycno- a combining form meaning "dense, thick," from Gk. pyknos "dense, solid" + → nuclear; → reaction.

Vâžireš, → reaction; cagâl-hasteyi, from cagâl, → dense, + hasteyi, → nuclear.

quasi-linear theory
  نگره‌ی ِ چونان-خطی   
negare-ye cunân-xatti

Fr.: théorie quasi-linéaire   

In plasma physics, the theory that considers the interactions between waves and particles are of first order only. It ignores all terms of second order in the fluctuating quantities.

quasi-; → linear; → theory.

rare earth element
  بن‌پار ِ خاکی ِ کمیاب، خاک ِ کمیاب   
bonpâr-e xâki-ye kamyâb, xâk-e kamyâb

Fr.: terre rare   

Any of the group of metallic → chemical elements with → atomic numbers between 57 and 71 inclusive. The name is an inappropriate terminology, since they are neither rare nor earth; preferred name → lanthanide.

rare; → earth; → element.

rectilinear
  راست-خط   
râst-xatt (#)

Fr.: rectiligne   

In a straight line; consisting of straight lines. → curvilinear

From recti- combining form of rectus, → right, + → line + -ar, variant of the adjective-forming suffix → -al.

Râst-xatt, from râst, → right, + xattline.

rectilinear propagation of light
  توچش ِ راست‌خط ِ نور   
tuceš-e râst-xatt-e nur

Fr.: propagation rectiligne de la lumière   

The motion of light in the first approximation, as evidenced from the formation of shadows and other every day experience. However, → diffraction

rectilinear; → propagation; → light.

rectilinear system
  راژمان ِ راست‌خط   
râžmân-e râst-xatt

Fr.: système rectilinéaire   

An optical system that is corrected for → distortion and → spherical aberration and therefore forms the image of a straight line as a straight line.

rectilinear; → system.

research
  ۱) پژوهش؛ ۲) پژوهیدن   
1) pažuheš (#); 2) pažuhidan (#)

Fr.: 1) recherche; 2) rechercher   

1) (n.) A systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to discover or establish or revise facts, theories, applications, etc.
2) (v.) To carry out research into a subject.

From M.Fr. recerche, from O.Fr. recercher "to seek out, search closely," from → re-, intensive prefix, + cercher "to seek for," from L. circare "to go about, wander, traverse," from circuscircle.

Pažuheš, verbal noun of pažuhidan "to search;" Mid.Pers. wizôy- "to examine, investigate;" ultimately from Proto-Iranian *pati-iud-, from *pati- "agaist, back, opposite to, toward, face to face, in front of (cf. O.Pers. paity; Av. paiti; Skt. práti; Pali pati-; Gk. proti, pros "face to face with, toward, in addition to, near;" PIE base *proti) + *iud- "to struggle for something, to fight (Av. yūδ- "to fight, struggle;" Mod.Pers. justan, juy- "to search, seek, ask for"); cf. Mid.Pers. vijuyihitan "to search, seek."

research and development
  پژوهش و گوالش   
pažuheš o govâleš

Fr.: recherche et développement   

Systematic activity combining both basic and applied research, and aimed at discovering solutions to problems or creating new goods and knowledge. (BusinessDictionary.com).

research; → development.

research director
  راشتار ِ پژوهش   
râštâr-e pažuheš

Fr.: directeur de recherche   

A person who has the quality of guiding, regulating, or controlling the work of other researchers.

research; → director.

research reactor
  واژیرگر ِ پژوهشی   
vâžirgar-e pažuheši

Fr.: réacteur de recherche   

A nuclear reactor designed for radionuclide production, materials testing, and training.

research; → reactor.

researcher
  پژوهشگر   
pažuhešgar (#)

Fr.: chercheur   

A scientist who devotes himself to doing research.

Agent noun, from → research + → -or.

search
  جستجو   
jost-o-ju (#)

Fr.: recherche   

To explore or examine in order to find something.

M.E. serchen, cerchen, from O.Fr. cerchier "to search," from L. circare "to go about, wander, traverse," from circus "circle."

Jost-o-ju interfixed jost and juy past and present stem of jostan/juyidan "to seek, strive for;" Proto-Iranian *iud- "to struggle for something, to fight" (Av. yūδ- "to fight, struggle;" Mod.Pers. justan, juy- "to search, seek, ask for"); cf. Mid.Pers. vijuyihitan "to search, seek."

Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI)
  جستجوی ِ هوش ِ اُسترزمینی   
jost-o-ju-ye huš-e ostar-zamini

Fr.: recherche d'intelligence extra-terrestre   

The scientific attempt to detect → intelligent extraterrestrial → life by surveying the sky to find the existence of → transmissions, especially → radio waves or → light, from a → civilization on a distant → planet. The SETI Institute, that carries out the project, is a private non-profit center founded in 1984. There are many methods that SETI scientific teams use to search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Many of these search billions of radio frequencies that reach Earth from all over the → Universe, looking for an intelligent → radio signal. Other SETI teams search by looking for signals in pulses of light emanating from the stars.

search; → extraterrestrial; → intelligence.

shear
  ۱) کرن؛ ۲) کرنیدن   
1) karn; 2) karnidan

Fr.: 1) cisaillement; 2) cisailler   

1) (n.) General: A scissors of large size.
Physics: A → stress applied to a body in the plane of its faces or perpendicular to its axis. As a consequence, parallel planes in the body remain parallel, but are displaced in a direction parallel to themselves. See also → strain.
2) (v.) General: To cut hair, fleece, or foliage from the surface of something using a sharp tool.
Physics: To cause something to deform or break by applying forces acting parallel to the plane.

M.E. sheren, O.E. sceran, scieran; cf. O.H.G. scrinden "to split;", Du. scheren, Ger. scheren "to shear;" from PIE *(s)ker- "to cut, to scrape, to hack;" cf. Pers. kârd "knife;" Av. kart- "to cut;" Skt. krntáti "cuts;" Gk. keirein "to cut, shear;" Lith. skiriu "to separate."

1) Karn, from Laki caré, Farâhâni carra, Tabari carci "a scissors for cutting sheep wool," cognate with Pers. kârd "knife; " Mid.Pers. kârt "knife," karēnītan, karītan "to cut;" Av. karət- "to cut;" cf. Skt. kart- "to cut," krpāna- "sword, knife;" Gk. karpos "fruit;" L. carpere "to cut, divide, pluck;" PIE base *(s)ker- "to cut."
Karnidan infinitive from karn.

shear modulus
  پیمون ِ کرن   
peymun-e karn

Fr.: module de cisaillement   

The ratio of the applied → stress to the change in shape (→ strain) produced in an → elastic body. The bigger this quantity the more rigid is the material since for the same change in strain a bigger force is needed. Also called → shear modulus.

shear; → modulus.


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