An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 6 Search : gravitational lens
gravitational lens
  عدسی ِ گرانشی   
adasi-ye gerâneši (#)

Fr.: lentille gravitationnelle   

A concentration of matter, such as a galaxy or a cluster of galaxies, that bends light rays from a background object, resulting in production of multiple images. If the two objects and the Earth are perfectly aligned, the light from the distant object appears as a ring from Earth. This is called an Einstein Ring, since its existence was predicted by Einstein in his theory of general relativity.

gravitational; → lens.

gravitational lens equation
  هموگش ِ عدسی ِ گرانشی   
hamugeš-e adasi-ye gerâneši

Fr.: équation de lentille gravitationnelle   

The main equation of gravitational lens theory that sets a relation between the angular position of the point source and the observable position of its image.

gravitational; → lens; → equation.

gravitational lensing
  لنزش ِ گرانشی   
lenzeš-e gerâneši

Fr.: effet de lentille gravitationelle   

The act of producing or the state of a → gravitational lens.

gravitational; → lensing.

gravitational lensing time delay
  درنگ ِ زاییده‌ی ِ لنزش ِ گرانشی   
derang-e zâyide-ye lenzeš-e gerâneši

Fr.: retard dû à l'effet de lentille gravitationnelle   

The difference in light travel times along the various light paths from the source to the observer when the source image is divided into several images because of → gravitational lensing. According to the theory of → general relativity, light rays are deflected in the vicinity of massive objects. If the light source and the deflector are sufficiently well aligned with the observer, and obey some conditions on their distances (→ Einstein radius), we can observe several (generally distorted and magnified) images of the source. A property of → strong lensing is that the light travel time from the source to the observer is generally not identical for the different images. In other words, we not only see several images of one same object, but we also see this object, in each image, at different times. This means, in one image the lensed object will be observed before the other image. Given a physical model of the gravitational lens, the light travel time for each image can be computed. The expression giving the time delay has two components: a term is called → geometric delay, and the second term, known as the → Shapiro time delay. The latter is due to time dilation by the gravitational field of the lens, a direct consequence of general relativity. See also → time delay distance.

gravitational; → lensing; → time; → delay.

strong gravitational lensing
  لنزش ِ گرانشی ِ سترگ   
lenzeš-e gerâneši-ye sotorg

Fr.: effet de lentille gravitationnelle forte   

A → gravitational lensing phenomenon in which the image distortion is strong enough to be readily recognized, such as in the case of the → Einstein cross or when giant luminous arcs show up in → galaxy clusters (e.g. Abell 2218). Opposite to → weak gravitational lensing.

strong; → gravitational; → lensing.

weak gravitational lensing
  لنزش ِ گرانشی ِ نزار   
lenzeš-e gerâneši-ye nezâr

Fr.: effet de lentille gravitationnelle faible   

A gravitational bending of light by structures in the Universe that distorts the images of distant galaxies. The distortion allows the distribution of → dark matter and its evolution with time to be measured, thereby probing the influence of → dark energy on the growth of structures. Weak gravitational lensing is generally difficult to identify in individual images, in contrast to → strong gravitational lensing (see, e.g., Bartelmann & Peter Schneider, 2001, Phys. Rept. 340, 291).

weak; → gravitational; → lensing.