An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 1965 Search : ion
internal conversion
  هاگرد ِ درونی   
hâgard-e daruni

Fr.: conversion interne   

A → radiationless relaxation process in which a molecule in some excited → electronic state converts to a state of the same → multiplicity but of lower electronic energy and in which the lost electronic energy is converted initially into vibrational energy.

internal; → conversion.

internalization
  درونش   
daruneš (#)

Fr.: intériorisation   

Verbal noun of → internalize.

internalize + → -tion.

international
  جهانی، اندرنفانی   
jahâni (#), andarnafâni

Fr.: international, mondial   

Between or among → nations; involving two or more nations. → International Astronomical Union, → International Atomic Time, → International Date Line, and so forth.

International, from → inter- + nation, from O.Fr. nacion, from L. nationem (nom. natio) "nation, stock, race," literally "that which has been born," from natus, p.p. of nasci "be born;" cognate with Pers. zâdangenerate, + → -al.

Jahâni "of or relating to the world" (Fr. mondial), → world.
Andarnafâni, from andar-, → inter-, + nafâni, adj. of nafân "family relation; kinship," proposal for "nation," from naf, from Mid.Pers. nâf "family," nâfag "navel," naft "descendant," Parthian n'p "family" (Mod.Pers. nâf "navel"); Av. nāfa- "navel, near relationship, family," hama.nāfaēna- "of the same family;" cf. Skt. nábhya- "hub (of wheel);" Gk. omphalos "navel;" L. umbilicus "navel;" O.H.G. nabalo "navel;" Ger. Nabel "navel" + -ân suffix denoting family relationship, as in Bâbakân "family of Bâbak."

International Astronomical Union (IAU)
  یکایش ِ جهانی ِ اخترشناسی   
Yekâyeš-e Jahâni-ye Axtaršenâsi

Fr.: Union Astronomique Internationale (UAI)   

An astronomical association of astronomers that is the controlling body of world astronomy. It was founded in Brussels in 1919.

international; → astronomical; → union.

International Atomic Time (TAI)
  زمان ِ اتمی ِ جهانی   
zamân-e atomi-ye jahâni (#)

Fr.: Temps Atomique International (TAI)   

A weighted average of the time kept by about 200 caesium atomic clocks in over 50 national laboratories worldwide. It has been available since 1955, and became the international standard on which UTC is based on January 1972.

international; → atomic; → time.

International Date Line
  خط ِ جهانی ِ گاهداد   
xatt-e jahâni-ye gâhdâd

Fr.: ligne internationale de changement de date   

An imaginary line following approximately the 180th meridian which, by international agreement in 1884, marks the beginning or or end of a day. The regions to the east of which are counted as being one day earlier in their calendar dates than the regions to the west.

international; → date; → line.

International System of Units (SI)
  راژمان ِ جهانی ِ یکاها   
râžmân-e jahâni-ye yekâhâ

Fr.: système international des unités   

The metric system of units based on the → meter, → kilogram, → second, → ampere, → kelvin, and → candela. Also called MSKA system. Other SI units are → hertz, → radian, → newton, → joule, → watt, → coulomb, → volt, → ohm, → farad, → weber, and → tesla.

international; → system; → unit.

International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE)
     

Fr.: IUE   

A satellite dedicated to spectroscopic observations of astronomical objects in ultraviolet wavelengths, launched in 1978. It was an international collaboration between → NASA, the → European Space Agency (ESA), and the United Kingdom's Science and Engineering Research Council. It operated until September 1996 and collected over 70,000 spectra. IUE consisted of a 45-cm telescope (f/15) equipped with two spectrographs operating in the ranges 1850-3300 Å and 1150-2000 Å. Each spectrograph had a high-resolution and a low-resolution mode with resolutions of about 0.2 Å and 6 Å respectively.

international; → ultraviolet; → explorer.

International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA)
  همدستی ِ اندرنفانی ِ نپاهشگاه ِ ویر‌آگین   
hamdasti-ye andarnafâni-ye nepâhešgâh-e virâgin

Fr.: Alliance internationale de l'Observatoire Virtuel   

An international cooperation whose objective is to facilitate the international coordination and collaboration necessary for the development and deployment of the tools, systems and organizational structures necessary to enable the international utilization of astronomical archives as an integrated and interoperating → Virtual Observatory. The IVOA, created in 2002, now comprises 20 Virtual Observatory programs from various countries and international organizations.

international; → virtual; → observatory; → alliance.

interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME)
  اشانش ِ اندرسیاره‌ای ِ جرم از تاج   
ešâneš-e andarsayyâreyi-ye jerm az tâj

Fr.: éjection de masse coronale interplanétaire   

An → interplanetary manifestation of a → coronal mass ejection.

interplanetary; → coronal; → mass; → ejection.

interpolation
  اندریابش   
andaryâbeš

Fr.: interpolation   

In a series of numerical values, the operation performed to find a number or value which is not present but which can be derived approximately from those that are present.

Verbal noun of interpolate, from L. interpolatus, p.p. of interpolare "to make new, refurbish, alter," from → inter- + polare, related to polire "to smoothe, polish."

Andaryâbeš, from andar-, → inter-, + yâbeš "finding," verbal noun of yâftan, yâbidan "to find, discover; to obtain, acquire;" Mid.Pers. ayâftan, ayâpênitan "to reach, attain;" Manichean Mid.Pers. 'y'b "to attain;" Parthian, Sogdian (+ *pati-) pty'b "to reach, obtain;" Av. ap- "to reach, overtake," apayeiti "achieved, reached;" Skt. âp- "to reach, gain," âpnoti "reaches, gains;" Gk. hapto, haptomai "to touch, cling to, adhere to;" L. apiscor "touch, reach;" PIE base *ap- "to take, reach."

interpretation
  آزند، آزندش   
âznad, âzandeš

Fr.: interprétation   

1) The act of interpreting; elucidation; explication.
2) Physics: Providing relations between the mathematical symbols of a → formalism and physical → observables. → Copenhagen Interpretation.

Verbal noun of → interpret.

interruption
  اندرسلش   
andarsaleš

Fr.: interruption   

The action of interrupting or being interrupted.

Verbal noun from → interrupt.

intersection
  اندربرش، اندرسکنج   
andarboreš, andarsekanj

Fr.: intersection   

The act, process, or result of intersecting.
Math.: A set of elements common to sets A and B, denoted by A ∩ B. → section.

Verbal noun of → intersect.

interstellar absorption
  درشم ِ اندر-اختری   
daršam-e andaraxtari

Fr.: absorption interstellaire   

The absorption of light from stars and other objects by intervening gas and dust in interstellar space.

interstellar; → absorption.

interstellar extinction
  خاموشی ِ اندر-اختری   
xâmuši-ye andaraxtari

Fr.: extinction interstellaire   

The dimming of light traveling in the interstellar space due to the combined effects of absorption and scattering by interstellar dust particles. Interstellar extinction increases at shorter (bluer) wavelengths, resulting in → interstellar reddening.

interstellar; → extinction.

interstellar polarization
  قطبش ِ اندر-اختری   
qotbeš-e andaraxtari

Fr.: polarisation interstellaire   

The polarization of starlight caused by aligned → interstellar grains, so that initially → unpolarized light from a star is partially polarized by the time it reaches the Earth.

interstellar; → polarization.

interstellar radiation field
  میدان ِ تابش ِ اندر-اختری   
meydân-e tâbeš andaraxtari

Fr.: champ de rayonnement interstellaire   

A global ionizing radiation in the → interstellar medium provided by various sources all together.

interstellar; → radiation; → field.

interstellar scintillation
  سوسوی ِ اندر-اختری   
susu-ye andaraxtari

Fr.: scintillation interstellaire   

An apparent twinkling of the signals from distant point-like radio sources (pulsars). It is due to turbulence, i.e. fluctuations in the electron density of the interstellar ionized gas, through which the signals have passed on their way to Earth.

interstellar; → scintillation.

intervention
  اندرگم   
andargam

Fr.: intervention   

The act or fact of intervening.

M.E., from M.Fr. intervention, or directly from L.L., from L. intervenire "to come between, interrupt," from → inter-, + venire "to come," as below.

Andargam "coming between," from andar- "between," → inter-, + gam "to come;" cf. Av./O.Pers. gam- "to come; to go," Mod./Mid.Pers. gâm "step, pace," âmadan "to come;" cf. Skt. gamati "goes;" Gk. bainein "to go, walk, step;" L. venire "to come;" O.H.G. queman "to come;" E. come; PIE root *gwem- "to go, come."

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