An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 1965 Search : ion
categorical proposition
  گزاره‌ی ِ کتاگریک   
gozâre-ye katâgorik

Fr.: proposition catégorique   

In a → syllogism, a → proposition or statement that deals with inclusion or exclusion of members of → subject classes in → predicate classes. Categorical propositions are of four basic forms, see → Aristotelian form.

categorical; → proposition.

cation
  کاتیون   
kâtion (#)

Fr.: cation   

Chemistry: A → positively charged → ion that is attracted to the → cathode in electrolysis. Any positively charged atom or group of atoms (opposed to → anion).

From cat-, → cathod, + → ion.

Cauchy's equation
  هموگش ِ کوشی   
hamugeš-e Cauchy

Fr.: équation de Cauchy   

A relationship between the → refractive index (n) and the wavelength of light (λ) passing through a medium. It is commonly stated in the following form: n = A + B2 + C4, where A, B, and C are constants characterizing the medium. The two-component Cauchy equation is n = A + B2, from which the dispersion becomes dn/dλ = -2B3 showing that dispersion varies approximately as the inverse cube of the wavelength. The dispersion at 4000 A will be about 8 times as large as at 8000 Å.

Named after Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789-1857), French mathematician and physicist who found the first equation of dispersion in 1836; → equation.

causation
  بنارش   
bonâreš

Fr.: relation de cause à effet   

1) The act or process of causing; the act or agency which produces an effect.
2) The relation of → cause to → effect.

Verbal noun from → cause.

center of attraction
  مرکز ِ درکشش   
markaz-e darkašeš

Fr.: centre d'attraction   

A point toward which a force on a body is always directed.

center; → attraction.

centrifugal acceleration
  شتاب ِ مرکزگریز   
šetâb-e markaz-goriz (#)

Fr.: accélération centrifuge   

Of a point rotating in a circle round a central point, the outward acceleration away from the rotation axis. It corresponds to → centrifugal force. The centrifugal acceleration is given by ω x ω x r, or v2/r, where ω is → angular velocity, r the distance to the rotating axis, and v the → tangential velocity. The centrifugal and → centripetal accelerations are equal and opposite.

centrifugal; → acceleration.

centripetal acceleration
  شتاب ِ مرکزگرا   
šetâb-e markaz-gerâ (#)

Fr.: accélération centripète   

The rate of change of the → tangential velocity of a body moving along a circular path. The direction of centripetal acceleration is always inward along the → radius vector of the → circular motion. The magnitude of the centripetal acceleration is related to the → tangential velocity (v) and → angular velocity (ω) as follows: ac = v2/r = rω2. According to → Newton's second law, an object undergoing centripetal acceleration is experiencing a → centripetal force.

centripetal; → acceleration.

chain reaction
  واژیرش ِ زنجیری، واکنش ِ ~   
vâžireš-e zanjiri, vâkoneš-e ~

Fr.: réaction en chaîne   

A succession of → nuclear fissions when the neutrons released by previous fissions produce other nuclear fissions which themselves cause other reactions and the reactions goes on increasing exponentially.

chain; → reaction.

characteristic equation
  هموگش ِ سرشتاری   
hamugeš-e sereštâri

Fr.: équation caractéristique   

Physics: An analytical relationship between a set of physical variables that determines the state of a physical system.
Math.: The equation which is solved to find a matrix's eigenvalues, also called the characteristic polynomial.

characteristic; → equation.

characterization
  ۱) سرشتارش؛ ۲) تنومسا سازی   
1) sereštâreš 2) tanumsâ sâzi

Fr.: 1) caractérisation; 2) représentation des caractères   

1) The act of describing the character or qualities of someone or something.
2) The artistic representation (as in fiction or drama) of human character or motives (Merriam-Webster.com).

characterize; → -tion.

charge conjugation
  همیوغش ِ بار   
hamyuqeš-e bâr (#)

Fr.: conjugaison de charges   

In particle physics, an operation that changes a particle to its antiparticle in equations describing subatomic particles or, equivalently, reverses its charge and magnetic moment.

charge; → conjugation.

charge distribution
  واباژش ِ بار   
vâbâžeš-e bâr

Fr.: distribution des charges   

The way a number of → electric charges are arranged in space with respect to the point of observation.

charge; → distribution.

charge-injection device (CID)
  دستگاه ِ درشانش ِ بار   
dastrgâh-e daršâneš-e bâr

Fr.: dispositif à injection de charge   

A charge-transfer device that passes along stored charges positioned at predetermined locations; it is used as an image sensor in which the image points are accessed by reference to their horizontal and vertical coordinates.

charge; → injection; → device.

chemical adsorption
  برشم ِ شیمیایی   
baršam-e šimiyâyi

Fr.: adsorption chimique   

Same as → chemisorption.

chemical; → adsorption.

chemical composition
  همنهش ِ شیمیک   
hamneheš-e šimik

Fr.: composition chimique   

The identities, and relative abundances of the → chemical elements or → compounds that make up a substance.

chemical; → composition.

chemical equation
  هموگش ِ شیمیایی   
hamugeš-e šimiyâyi

Fr.: équation chimique   

The symbolic representation of a chemical reaction where the formulae of the → reactants are placed on the left and the formulae of → products on the right of an arrow.

chemical; → equation.

chemical evolution
  فرگشت ِ شیمیایی   
fargašt-e šimiyâyi (#)

Fr.: évolution chimique   

A cumulative change in the chemical properties, or more specifically, the relative abundances of chemical elements in an astrophysical system.

chemical; → evolution.

chemical reaction
  واژیرش ِ شیمیایی، واکنش ِ ~   
vâžireš-e šimiyâyi, vâkoneš-e ~

Fr.: réaction chimique   

A → change or → transformation in which a → substance → decomposes, → combines with other → substances, or interchanges constituents with other substances.

chemical; → reaction.

chemical separation
  جدایی ِ شیمیایی   
jodâyi-ye šimiyâyi

Fr.: séparation chimique   

The physical processes that can cause certain elements to migrate in a → stellar atmosphere. These processes are thought to be important in creating the chemical peculiarities seen in → Am stars and → Ap stars.

chemical; → separation.

chemisorption
  شیمی‌شمش   
šimi-šameš

Fr.: chimisorption   

A kind of → adsorption in which the forces involved are → valence forces of the same kind as those operating in the formation of → chemical compounds. Same as → chemical adsorption. See also → physisorption.

Chemi-, from → chemical; → sorption.

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