An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 1965 Search : ion
rotational mixing
  آمیزش ِ چرخشی   
âmizeš-e carxeši

Fr.: mélange rotationnel   

A consequence of → stellar rotation that deforms the star, triggers instabilities (→ shear turbulence and → meridional currents) leading to → transport of chemical species in the star. The efficiency of rotational mixing (measured for instance by the degree of surface → enrichments at a given → evolutionary stage) increases when the initial mass and rotation increase. This efficiency increases also when the initial → metallicity decreases. This is due to the fact that when the metallicity is lower, the stars are more compact. This makes the → gradients of the → angular velocity steeper in the stellar interiors. Steeper gradients produce stronger shear turbulence and thus more mixing. Rotational mixing can bring to the surface heavy elements newly synthesized in the stellar core. Rotation thus produces an increase of the → opacity of the outer layers and activates strong → mass loss through → radiatively driven winds. This effect may be responsible for the loss of large fractions of the initial mass of the star (Meynet et al. 2007, arXiv:0709.2275).

rotational; → mixing.

rotational modulation (ROT)
  دگر‌آهنگش ِ چرخشی   
degarâhangeš-e carxeši

Fr.: modulation rotationnelle   

A very small variation in the surface brightness of a single star due to its rotation. Several types of stars are known to have photospheric spots. Brightness variation occurs as rotation carries star spots or other localized activity across the line of sight.

rotational; → modulation.

rotational motion
  جنبش ِ چرخشی   
jonbeš-e charkheshi

Fr.: mouvement de rotation   

Of a → rigid body, a motion in which there are always two points of the body which remain motionless.

rotational; → motion.

rotational period
  دوره‌ی ِ چرخش   
dowre-ye carxeš

Fr.: période de rotation   

rotation period.

rotational; → period.

rotational transition
  گذرش ِ چرخشی   
gozareš-e carxeši

Fr.: transition rotationnelle   

A slight change in the energy level of a molecule due to the rotation of its constituent atoms about their center of mass.

rotational; → transition.

rotational velocity
  تندای ِ چرخشی   
tondâ-ye catxeši

Fr.: vitesse de rotation   

The velocity of a → rotational motion; same as → angular velocity.

rotational; → velocity.

Roxburgh criterion
  سنجیدار ِ راکسبرگ   
sanjidâr-e Roxburgh

Fr.: critère de Roxburgh   

An integral constraint used to quantify the uncertainty on the extent of → convective overshooting and its effect on models of stars.

Roxburgh, I. 1989, A&A, 211, 361; → criterion.

rule of decision
  رزن ِ واسون   
razan-e vâsun

Fr.: régle de décision   

Same as → significance testing and → test of significance.

rule; → decision.

Rydberg correction
  ارشایش ِ رودبَری   
aršâyeš-e Rydberg

Fr.: correction de Rydberg   

A term inserted into a formula for the energy of a single electron in the outermost shell of an atom to take into account the failure of the inner electron shells to screen the nuclear charge completely.

rydberg; → correction.

Saha equation
  هموگش ِ ساها   
hamugeš-e Saha

Fr.: équation de Saha   

An equation that gives the number of atoms of a given species in various stages of → ionization that exist in a gas in → thermal equilibrium as a function of the temperature, density, and ionization energies of the atoms.

Named after the Indian astrophysicist Megh Nad Saha (1894-1956), who first derived the equation in 1920; → equation.

Saiph (κ Orionis)
  سیف   
Seyf (#)

Fr.: Saiph   

A → supergiant star of visual magnitude 2.06 and → spectral type B0.5 Ia marking the right knee of Orion. It is about 700 light-years away.

Saiph "sword," from Ar. as-saiph al-jabbâr (سیف الجبار) "the Sword of the Giant."

Sakharov conditions
  بوتارهای ِ ساخاروف   
butârhâ-ye Sakharov

Fr.: conditions de Sakharov   

The three conditions that are necessary for the generation of a → baryon asymmetry in the → early Universe. These conditions are:
1) The → baryon number should not be → conserved.
2) The → charge conjugation and → CP symmetry should be → violated, and
3) Departure from → thermal equilibrium.

Named after Andrei Sakharov (1921-1989), who in 1967 described these three minimum conditions (A. D. Sakharov, 1967, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. Pis'ma 5, 32; 1967, JETP Lett. 91B, 24); → condition.

Salpeter function
  کریای ِ سلپیتر   
karyâ-ye Salpeter

Fr.: équation de Salpeter   

The first mathematical description of the → initial mass function (IMF) of newly formed stars of solar to → intermediate-masses. It is proportional to M -2.35, where M is the stellar mass. → Salpeter slope.

Named after the Austrian-Australian-American astrophysicist Edwin Ernest Salpeter (1924-2008); → function.

saturated solution
  لویش ِ انجالیده   
luyeš-e anjâlidé

Fr.: solution saturée   

A solution which can exist in equilibrium with excess of solute. The saturation concentration is a function of the temperature.

saturate; → solution.

saturation
  انجال، انجالش   
anjâl, anjâleš

Fr.: saturation   

Physics: Degree of magnetization of a substance which cannot be exceeded however strong the applied magnetizing field.
Detectors: The condition of a detector or a pixel when it is submitted to a signal so strong that it cannot handle it properly; the result is a non-linear, useless response.

Verbal noun of → saturate.

saturation current
  جریان ِ انجال، ~ انجالش   
jarayân-e anjâl, ~ anjâleš

Fr.: courant de saturation   

The maximum current that can be obtained in a specific circuit under specified conditions.

saturation; → current.

saturation induction
  درهازش ِ انجال، ~ انجالش   
darhâzeš-e anjâl, ~ anjâleš

Fr.: induction à saturation   

The maximum intrinsic magnetic induction possible in a material.

saturation; → induction.

saturation signal
  نشال ِ انجال، ~ ِ انجالش   
nešâl-e anjâl, ~ anjaalesh

Fr.: signal de saturation, ~ saturé   

In radar, a signal whose amplitude is greater than the dynamic range of the receiving system.

saturation; → signal.

scalar perturbation
  پرتورش ِ مرپلی   
partureš-e marpeli

Fr.: perturbation scalaire   

The energy density fluctuations in the → photon-baryon plasma that bring about hotter and colder regions. This perturbation creates velocity distributions that are out of phase with the acoustic density mode. The fluid velocity from hot to cold regions causes blueshift of the photons, resulting in → quadrupole anisotropy.

scalar; → perturbation.

Schechter function
  کریای ِ ششتر   
karyâ-ye Schechter

Fr.: fonction de Schechter   

A mathematical expression that describes the → luminosity function of galaxies. The function correctly reflects the facts that the luminosity function decreases with increasing luminosity and that the decrease is particularly marked at high luminosities. It is expressed as: φ(L) = φ*(L/L*)α exp (-L/L*), which has two parts and three parameters: φ* is an empirically determined amplitude, α is an empirically derived exponent, and L* is a characteristic luminosity which separates the low and high luminosity parts. For small luminosities (L much smaller than L*) the Schechter function approaches a power law, while at high luminosities (L much larger than L*) the frequency of galaxies drops exponentially. φ*, L*, and the faint-end slope α depend on the observed wavelength range, on the → redshift, and on the environment where the galaxies are observed.

Named after the American astronomer Paul Schechter (1948-), who proposed the function in 1976 (ApJ 203, 297); → function.

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