An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 1965 Search : ion
oppression
  ستم   
setam (#)

Fr.: oppression   

1) The exercise of authority or power in a burdensome, cruel, or unjust manner.
2) An act or instance of oppressing or subjecting to cruel or unjust impositions or restraints.
3) The state of being oppressed (Dictionary.com).

M.E. oppressioun, from O.Fr. opresser "oppress; torment," from M.L. oppressare, from L. opprimere "press against, press down;" from op, variant of ob "against" + premere "to press, hold fast."

Setam, from Mid.Pers. sthmbk / stambag / "oppressive; obstinate," related to sitabr "strong, firm," staft "hard; firm, strong; fierce," Pers. seft "firm, hard, tight;" sitanbah "strong, robust, bold;" Av. aša.stəmbana- "having the support/firmness of aša;" Lith stembti "to oppose;" Gk. astemphes "unshakable."

optical aberration
  بیراهشِ نوری   
birâheš-e nuri

Fr.: aberration optique   

An imperfection in the imaging properties of a lens or mirror. The main aberrations are → chromatic aberration, → spherical aberration, → coma, → astigmatism, → field curvature, → distortion.

optical; → aberration.

optical illusion
  سفمانِ دیدگانی   
safmân-e didgâni

Fr.: illusion d'optique   

A perception of visual stimuli in which what is perceived is in a way different from the way it is in reality. Same as visual illusion.

optical; → illusion.

optical transfer function (OTF)
  کریا‌یِ تراوژ ِ نوری   
karyâ-ye tarâvaž-e nuri

Fr.: fonction de transfert optique   

The function that provides a full description of the imaging quality of an optical system. A combination of the → modulation transfer function (MTF) and the → phase transfer function (PTF) , the OTF describes the spatial (angular) variation as a function of spatial (angular) frequency.

optical; → transfer; → function.

optimization
  بهینش، بهین‌سازی   
behineš, behinsâzi

Fr.: optimalisation   

General: The fact of optimizing. The condition of being optimized. → optimize.
Computer science: Improving a system to reduce runtime, bandwidth, memory requirements, or other property of a system.

Verbal noun of → optimize

option
  اپتش، گزینه   
opteš, goziné (#)

Fr.: optesh   

1) The power or right of choosing.
2) Something that may be or is chosen; choice.
3) The act of choosing (Dictionary.com).

opt; → -tion.

optional
  اپتشی، گزینه‌ای   
opteši, gozine-yi

Fr.: optesh   

Left to one's choice; not required or mandatory (Dictionary.com).

option; → -al.

orbital inclination
  درکیلِ مداری   
darkil-e madâri

Fr.: inclinaison orbitale   

An → orbital element that defines the angle between the orbital plane of a solar system body (planet, comet, asteroid) and the plane of the ecliptic. The orbital inclination of the Earth's orbit is 0°; those of Mercury, Venus, and Mars are 7.01°, 3.39°, and 1.85° respectively.

orbital; → inclination .

orbital migration
  کوچِ مداری   
kuc-e madâri

Fr.: migration orbitale   

Theoretical prediction according to which a → giant planet, formed in the outer regions of a → protoplanetary disk, could migrate inward by losing → energy and → angular momentum as the result of → gravitational interactions with the remnants of the disk. This orbital migration could explain the presence of giant gaseous Jupiter-like planets (→ hot Jupiters) very close to their host stars.

orbital; → migration.

orbital precession
  پیشایان ِ مداری   
pišâyân-e madâri

Fr.: précession orbitale   

Same as → relativistic precession.

orbital; → precession.

ordinary differential equation
  هموگش ِ دگرسانه‌ای شونیک   
hamugeš-e degarsâneyi-ye šunik

Fr.: équation différentielle ordinaire   

A → differential equation in which the unknown function depends on only one → independent variable, as contrasted with a → partial differential equation.

ordinary; → differential; → equation.

organization
  سازمان   
sâzmân (#)

Fr.: organisation   

1) The act or process of organizing.
2) The state or manner of being organized.
3) A group of persons organized for some end or work.

M.E. organizacion, from M.L. organization-, from organizatus p.p. of organizare "organize" + -ate.

Sâzmân, from sâz present stem of sâxtan, sâzidan "to build, make, fashion; to adapt, adjust, be fit" (from Mid.Pers. sâxtan, sâz-, Manichean Parthian s'c'dn "to prepare, to form;" Av. sak- "to understand, to mark," sâcaya- (causative) "to teach") + -mân verbal noun suffix used with present and past stems, as in zâymân, câymân; sâxtemân, goftemân.

Note 1: The suffix -mân occurs extensively in some dialects, in particular in Garkuye-yi where it replaces the infinitive suffix -idan: resâmon (= rasidan "to arrive"), kešâmon (= kešidan "to draw"), kartemon (= kardan "to do"), bartemon (= bordan "to carry, bear"), paxdemon (= poxtan "to cook"), esbârtemon (= sepordan "entrust, make over to"), bâfdemon (= bâftan "to weave"), ašnofdemon (= šenidan "to hear"), terakâmon (= tarakidan "to blast"), teknâmon (= tekândan "to shake").

Note 2: -mân may be related to Av. suffix -man, which forms a number of derivative action-nous: rasman- "column, rank," from raz- "to direct;" vaēsman- "dwelling," from vaes- "to be or keep ready as, to serve as;" nāman- "name;" asman- "stone, heaven."

orientation
  ۱) سو؛ ۲) سودهی؛ سویابی   
1) su (#); 2) sudahi (#); suyâbi (#)

Fr.: orientation   

1) The position in relation to a specific place or object.
2) The act or process of orienting; the state of being oriented.

Verbal noun of → orient.

Orion
  شکارگر، ا ُریون   
Šekârgar (#), Orion (#)

Fr.: Orion   

The Hunter. A prominent constellation, one of the largest in the sky, located on the celestial equator around 5h 30m right ascension, 0° declination. This constellation is rich in bright stars and nebulae. The brightest star is Rigel (β Orionis), visual magnitude 0.2. The second brightest star is → Betelgeuse (α Orionis), magnitude between 0.2 and 1.0. A key feature of Orion's constellation is his Belt of three bright stars that form a nearly straight line across its central parts. It contains also the → Orion Nebula, the only region of massive star formation visible to the unaided eye.

In Gk. mythology, Orion was a giant hunter and the enemy of Artemis the huntress, who according to some tales was responsible for his death. Other stories, though, tell how he pursued the Pleiades and with them was turned into a constellation to chase them forever across the sky.

Šekârgar, "→ hunter."

Orion Arm
  بازویِ شکارگر، ~ ِ ا ُریون   
bâzu-ye Šekârgar, ~ Orion

Fr.: bras d'Orion   

A minor → spiral arm of the → Milky Way Galaxy close to which the → Sun is located. It is some 3,500 → light-years across and approximately 10,000 light-years in length. The solar system lies close to the inner rim of this spiral arm, about halfway along its length. Its name derives from the fact that the stars closest to the Sun which actually lie within the arm are in the constellation → Orion. Its other designations are → Local Arm, → Local Spur, → Orion Bridge, → Orion Spur, and → Orion-Cygnus Arm.

Orion; → arm.

Orion association
  آهزشِ شکارگر، ~ اُریون   
âhazeš-e Šekârgar, ~ Orion

Fr.: association d'Orion   

A large OB stellar association centered on the → Orion Nebula. Lying some 1500 → light-years away, it is about 400 light-years across and contains the main stars of Orion, except → Betelgeuse.

Orion; → association.

Orion Bar
  میله‌ی ِ شکارگر، ~ اوریون   
mile-ye Šekârgar, ~ Orion

Fr.: barre d'Orion   

A part of a → molecular cloud toward the → Orion Nebula viewed edge-on. It is the surface of interaction between the → H II region and its → associated molecular cloud. Same as the → Orion Bright Bar.

Orion; → bar.

Orion Bridge
  پل ِ شکارگر   
pol-e šekârgar

Fr.: pont d'Orion   

Same as → Orion Arm.

Orion; → bridge.

Orion Bright Bar
  میله‌ی ِ درخشان ِ شکارگر، ~ ~ اُریون   
mile-ye deraxšân-e Šekârgar, ~ ~ Orion

Fr.: barre brillante d'Orion   

A prominent emission ridge in the → Orion Nebula located approximately 2' southeast of the → Trapezium cluster. Various observations have suggested that it is an escarpment in the main → ionization front of the Nebula seen almost edge-on. The Orion Bar is one of the nearest and best-studied → photodissociation regions.

Orion; → bright; → bar.

Orion correlation theory
  نگره‌ی ِ هم‌باز‌آنش ِ اوریون   
negare-ye hambâzâneš-e Oryon

Fr.: théorie de la corrélation d'Orion   

A controversial proposition according to which a coincidence would exist between the mutual positions of the three stars of → Orion's Belt and those of the main Giza pyramids. More specifically, Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure would be the monumental representation of → Alnitak, → Alnilam, and → Mintaka, respectively.

Orion; → correlation; → theory.

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