An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 3106 Search : on
personal
  تنومی   
tanumi

Fr.: personnel   

Of or pertaining to a particular person; individual; private. → personal equation.

person; → -al.

personal equation
  هموگش ِ تنومی   
hamugeš-e tanumi

Fr.: équation personnelle   

A systematic observational error due to the characteristics of the observer.

Personal, adj. of → person; → equation.

personality
  تنومیگی   
tanumigi

Fr.: personnalité   

The sum total of the physical, mental, emotional, and social characteristics of an individual (Dictionary.com).

personal; → -ity.

personalize
  ۱) تنومیدن؛ ۲) تنوماردن   
1) tanumidan; 2) tanumârdan

Fr.: 1) personnaliser; 2) personnifier   

1) To make → personal or → individual; specifically, to mark as the property of a particular → person.
2) Same as → personify.

personal; → -ize.

Tanumidan, from tanum, → person, + -idan, → -ize; tanumârdan, → personify.

personification
  تنومارش   
tanumâreš

Fr.: personnification   

1) The attribution of human nature or character to animals, inanimate objects, or abstract notions, especially as a rhetorical figure.
2) The representation of a thing or abstraction in the form of a person, as in art.
3) The person or thing embodying a quality or the like; an embodiment or incarnation (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → personify.

personify
  تنوماردن   
tanumârdan

Fr.: personnifier   

1) To conceive of or represent as a person or as having human qualities or powers.
2) To be the embodiment or personification of (Merriam-Webster.com).

person + -ify, → -fy.

personnel
  تنومگان   
tanumgân

Fr.: personnel   

A body of persons employed in an organization or place of work (Dictionary.com).

From Fr. personnel (as contrasted with matériel), from O.Fr. personel, → personal.

Tanumgân, from tanum, → personal, + -gân multiplicity suffix.

perturbation
  پرتورش   
partureš

Fr.: perturbation   

1) Any departure introduced into a steady state of a system. The magnitude is often assumed to be small so that the resulting terms in the dependent variables may be neglected. The term "perturbation" is therefore sometimes used as synonymous with "small perturbation."
2) Gravitational effect of a third body that causes an alteration in the orbit of a body going around its primary.
See also: → linear perturbation theory, → method of small perturbationsn → perturbation equation, → perturbation method, → primordial curvature perturbation, → scalar perturbation, → secular perturbation, → tensor perturbation, → vector perturbation.

Verbal noun of → perturb.

perturbation equation
  هموگش ِ پرتورش   
hamugeš-e partureš

Fr.: équation de perturbation   

Any equation governing the behavior of a → perturbation.

perturbation; → equation.

perturbation method
  روش ِ پرتورش   
raveš-e partureš

Fr.: méthode de perturbation   

Approximate method of solving a difficult problem if the equations to be solved depart only slightly from those of a problem already solved.

perturbation; → method.

peVatron
  پواترون   
peVatron

Fr.: peVatron   

An astrophysical source which accelerates → cosmic rays up to energies of several petaelectronvolts. For example, in the → Galactic center, cosmic ray → protons reach such energies. The source of such particles is a matter of research (→ HESS collaboration, 2016, Nature 531, 476).

PeVatron, from PeV (→ peta- + → electronvolt); + euphonic affix -a-; + → -tron.

Phaeton
  فایتون   
Phaeton

Fr.: Phaéton   

A hypothetical → planet which once was postulated to have existed between the orbits of → Mars and → Jupiter and its destruction supposedly led to the formation of the → asteroid belt. The idea of such a hypothetical planet was first put forward by the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers (1758-1840).

In Greek mythology Phaeton was the sun god Helios. Phaeton tried to drive his father's solar chariot but crashed after almost setting fire to the whole earth.

phase function
  کریای ِ فاز   
karyâ-ye fâz

Fr.: fonction de phase   

The variation in brightness of a target as the phase angle (the angle between Sun and observer as seen from the target) varies between 0° and 180°. The directional distribution of reflected (or scattered) radiation. The phase angle is the supplement of the scattering angle (the angle between the incident ray and the emerging ray); in other words, the sum of the phase angle and the scattering angle is always 180° (Ellis et al., 2007, Planetary Ring Systems, Springer).

phase; → function.

phase modulation
  دگر‌آهنگش ِ فاز   
degarâhangeš-e fâz (#)

Fr.: modulation de phase   

Modulation in which the phase angle of a sine-wave carrier is caused to depart from the carrier angle by an amount proportional to the instantaneous magnitude of the modulating wave.

phase; → modulation.

phase transfer function (PTF)
  کریای ِ تراوژ ِ فاز   
karyâ-ye tarâvaž-e fâz

Fr.: fonction de transfert de phase   

A measure of the relative phase in the image as function of frequency. It is the phase component of the → optical transfer function. A relative phase change of 180°, for example, results in an image with the black and white areas reversed.

phase; → transfer; → function.

phase transition
  گذرش ِ فاز   
gozareš-e fâz

Fr.: transition de phase   

The changing of a substance from one phase to another, by → freezing, → melting, → boiling, → condensation, or → sublimation. Also known as phase transformation. A well known phase transition is the transition from → water to → ice. Phase transitions are often associated with → symmetry breaking. In water there is a complete symmetry under rotations with no preferred direction. Ice has a crystal structure, in which certain orientations in space are preferred. Therefore, in transition from water to ice the continuous rotational symmetry is lost.

phase; → transition.

phases of the Moon
  سیماهای ِ مانگ   
simâhâ-ye Mâng

Fr.: phases de la lune   

Lunar phase.

phase; → Moon.

phenomenon
  پدیده   
padidé (#)

Fr.: phénomène   

1) An occurrence, circumstance, or fact, in matter or spirit, which can be perceived by human senses. → physical phenomenon.
2) Philosophy: For Kant, a thing as it is apprehended by the human senses as distinguished from a noumenon, or thing-in-itself.

From L.L. phænomenon, from Gk. phainomenon "that which appears or is seen," from phainesthai "to appear," passive of phainein "to bring to light; to show," from PIE base *bhhā- "to shine;" cf. Skt. bhāati "shines, glitters;" Av. bā- "to shine, appear, seem," bāmya- "light, luminous, bright," bānu- "light, ray;" Mid.Pers. bâm "beam of light, splendor," bâmik "brilliant," bâmdâd "morning, dawn."

Padidé, noun from padid "manifest, evident, conspicuous, in sight," variant padidâr, from Mid.Pers. pad didâr "visible," from pad "to, at, for, in," evolved to "to; for; in; on; with; by" in Mod.Pers. (O.Pers. paity; Av. paiti "to, toward, in, at;" cf. Skt. práti, Gk. poti) + did past stem of didan "to see, regard, catch sight of, contemplate, experience" (O.Pers. dī- "to see;" Av. dā(y)- "to see," didāti "sees;" cf. Skt. dhī- "to perceive, think, ponder; thought, reflection, meditation," dādhye; Gk. dedorka "have seen").

Phillips relation
  بازانش ِ فیلیپس   
bâzâneš-e Phillips

Fr.: relation de Phillips   

A correlation between the peak brightness of → Type Ia supernovae and the decline rate of their → light curve (15 days after the maximum). The decline rate is also correlated to the width of the peak brightness of the supernova. The brightest events are the broadest in time and brighter SNe Ia decline more slowly than dimmer ones. Applying the Phillips relation reduces the dispersion in the light curves of Type Ia SNe thus making them precise distance indicators which can be observed over large distances.

Named after Mark M. Phillips (1951-), American astronomer (Phillips et al. 1993, ApJ 413, L105); → relation.

phlogiston
  فلوژیستون   
fložiston (#)

Fr.: phlogiston   

A hypothetical substance that, prior to the discovery of → oxygen, was thought to be released during → combustion. → phlogiston theory.

From New Latin, from Gk. phlogiston, neuter of phlogistos "inflammable, burnt up," from phlogizein "to set on fire, burn," from phlox "flame, blaze;" from PIE root *bhel- "to shine, burn."

Fložiston, loan from Fr, as above.

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