An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 3106 Search : on
antiproton
  پادپروتون   
pâdproton

Fr.: antiproton   

The antiparticle of a proton, identical in mass and spin but of opposite (negative) charge.

From → anti- + → proton.

Antoine equation
  هموگش ِ آنتوان   
hamugeš-e Antoine

Fr.: équation d'Antoine   

A mathematical expression, derived from the → Clausius-Clapeyron equation, of the relation between the vapor pressure and the temperature of pure substances. It shows that the logarithm of vapor pressure is linearly dependent on the reciprocal of → absolute temperature.

Named after Louis Charles Antoine (1825-?), a French marine engineer, who derived the equation; → equation.

antonym
  پادچم   
pâdcem

Fr.: antonyme   

Grammar: A word opposite in meaning to another.

From → anti- + (syn)onym, → synonym.

Pâdcem, from opâd-, → anti-, + cem, → meaning.

apastron
  اپاستار، اپاستاره   
apâstâr, apâsetâré

Fr.: apoastre   

The point at which a binary star is furthest from its companion.

Apastron, from Gk. ap-, → apo- + astron "star."

Apâstâr, apâsetâré, from apâ-, → apo-, + stâr, setâré, → star.

aphelion
  اپاهور   
apâhur

Fr.: aphélie   

The point in the orbit of a planet, or other object in the solar system, which is furthest from the Sun.

Aphelion, from L. aphelium, from Gk. → apo- + helios "sun," cognate with L. sol, Skt. surya, Av. hvar-, Mod.Pers. xor, hur, O.H.G. sunna, Ger. Sonne, E. sun; PIE *sawel- "sun".

Apâhur, from Pers. prefix apâ, → apo-, + hur "sun."

aphelion distance
  اپست ِ اپاهوری   
apest-e apâhuri

Fr.: distance à l'aphélie   

The distance between the → Sun and an → object in orbit around it when they are at their farthest approach.

perihelion; → distance.

apocynthion
  اپامه، اپاماه   
apâmah, apâmâh

Fr.: apolune   

The point in a lunar orbit that is farthest from the center of the Lune. Also apolune.

Apocynthion, from → apo- "away from, off" + cynthion, from Gk. Cynthia "goddess of the Moon."

Apâmah, apâmâh, from apâ, → apo-, + mah, mâh, → Moon.

apodization
  پازدایی   
pâzodâyi

Fr.: apodisation   

1) Generally, any process suppressing the secondary maxima of a diffraction pattern, such as the faint rings around the Airy disk of an optical image. This allows the telescope to resolve finer details.
2) Over a telescope aperture, the use of a screen that progressively cuts down, from the center to the edge of the aperture, the amount of light transmitted, in order to reduce diffraction.
3) A mathematical treatment carried out on data received from an interferometer before the Fourier transformation is calculated to obtain the spectrum.

Apodization from v. apodize, → a- "negation prefix" + pod from Gk. podos "foot" (compare with Pers. , see below) + -tion "noun forming suffix;" literally "removing feet," i.e. suppressing the secondary maxima at the side of the Airy spot.

Pâzodâyi "removing feet," from "foot," Mid.Pers. pâd, pây , Av. pad-, Skt. pat, Gk. pos, gen. podos, L. pes, gen. pedis, PIE *pod-/*ped-. Zodâyi, n. from zodudan "to polish, clean," Mid.Pers. uzdâtan, Av. uzdâ-, from uz-, → ex-, + dâ- "make, create."

apogalacticon
  اپاکهکشان   
apâkahkašân

Fr.: apogalacticon   

The point at which a celestial body is farthest from the center of a galaxy; opposite of → perigalacticon.

From → apo- "away from, off" + galacticon, → galaxy.

From apâ, → apo-, + kahkašân, → galaxy.

apogee full Moon
  پرمانگ ِ اپازم، پرماه ِ ~   
pormâng-e apâzam, pormâh-e ~

Fr.: pleine lune d'apogée   

The → full Moon when our natural satellite is at its farthest position from the Earth. The difference in apparent size with respect to the → perigee full Moon represents a difference in distance of just under 50,000 km between → apogee and → perigee, given the Moon's average distance of about 385,000 km. Also called → full micro Moon.

apogee; → full; → moon.

apparent horizon
  افق ِ پدیدار   
ofoq-e padidâr

Fr.: horizon apparent   

The circle determined by the intersection of the heavens with a → cone whose → vertex is the → eye, and whose elements are tangent to lines of the Earth's surface. Same as → visible horizon. Assuming that there is no → atmospheric refraction, apparent horizon coincides with → geometric horizon. See also → sea horizon.

apparent; → horizon.

apparent noon
  نیمروز ِ پدیدار   
nimruz-e padidâr

Fr.: midi vrai   

The moment when the center of the Sun crosses the meridian. Same as true noon.

apparent; → noon.

apparent position
  نهش ِ پدیدار، جا‌ی ~   
naheš-e padidâr, jâ-ye ~

Fr.: position apparente   

1) The position on the celestial sphere at which a heavenly body would be seen from the Earth at a particular time.
2) A position given by the coordinates calculated for a star, if it were seen from the Earth's centre, relative to the → real equator and the → real equinox, at a certain date. It includes the displacements from one heliocentric direction, given in a stellar catalogue, due to → precession, → nutation, → aberration, → proper motions, → annual parallax, and light gravitational deviation (M.S.: SDE).

apparent; → position.

apparition
  پدیداری، پدیدارش   
padidâri (#), padidâreš

Fr.: apparition   

A period during which a → planet, → asteroid, or → comet is observable, generally between two successive → conjunctions of the body with the Sun.

M.E. apparicioun, from O.Fr. apparition, from L.L. appritionem "an appearance," from L. apparitus, p.p. of apparere "to appear."

Padidâri, n. from → padidâr + -i; padidâreš, verbal n. from *padidâridan.

apperception
  بر‌آگرتش   
barâgerteš

Fr.: aperception   

In psychology of education, the fundamental process in acquiring knowledge, and the part played by existing knowledge.

From Fr. aperception, from N.L. apperceptionem, from ap- variant of → ad- before p + → perception.

From prefix bar- "on, upon, up" (Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy "above; over, upon, according to;" Av. upairi "above, over," upairi.zəma- "located above the earth;" cf. Gk. hyper- "over, above;" L. super-; O.H.G. ubir "over;" PIE base *uper "over") + âgerteš, → perception.

application
  آتاهش، کاربرد   
âtâheš, kârbord (#)

Fr.: application   

1) General: The act of applying to a particular purpose or use.
2) Computers: A program that performs a specific function for the user, as contrasted with an environment or operating system. Some examples are Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Word, and Adobe Photoshop. The word "application" is used because each program has a specific application for the user.

Verbal noun of → apply.

application software
  نرم‌افزار ِ آتاهشی   
narm-afzâr-e âtâheši

Fr.: logiciel d'application   

A software with a specific function, such as a word processor or game. Contrast with operating system software.

application; → software.

apprehension
  درنوتش   
darnuteš

Fr.: appréhension   

1) Anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen.
2) Understanding; grasp.
3) The action of arresting someone (Oxford Dictionary, lexico.com).

Verbal noun of → apprehend.

approximation
  نزدینش   
nazdineš

Fr.: approximation   

1) General: A guess or estimate; nearness in space, position, degree.
2) Math., Physics: Result that is not quite exact, but is within the limits of accuracy required for a given purpose.

Approximation, verbal noun of → approximate.

Nazdineš, verbal noun of nazdinidan, → approximate.

apsidal motion
  جنبش ِ هباکی   
jonbeš-e habâki

Fr.: mouvement apsidial   

Rotation of the → line of apsides in the plane of the orbit in the same direction as the → revolution of the → secondary body. The major axis of the Earth's orbit rotates by 11.6 arcseconds per year.

apsidal; → motion.

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