An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 3106 Search : on
proper motion distance
  دورای ِ جنبش ِ سره   
durâ-ye jonbeš-e saré

Fr.: distance mouvement propre   

The distance derived from the → proper motion of an object. If an object has a known → transverse velocity  u, and has an observed angular motion of dθ/dt, then the proper motion distance is defined as: d = u/(dθ/dt).

proper; → motion; → distance

proportion
  برپارش   
barpâreš (#)

Fr.: proportion   

Comparative relation between things, sizes, quantities, numbers, parts, etc.
Math.: A statement of the equality of two ratios.

M.E. proporcio(u)n, from O.Fr. proportion, from L. proportio "comparative relation, analogy," from the phrase pro portione "according to the relation" (of parts to each other), from pro "for" + portio "part, shar."

Barpâreš, from bar- "on; up; upon; in; into; at; forth; with; near; before; according to" (Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy "above; over, upon, according to;" Av. upairi "above, over," upairi.zəma- "located above the earth;" cf. Gk. hyper- "over, above;" L. super-; O.H.G. ubir "over;" PIE base *uper "over") + pâr "part, portion, piece" (variants pâréparré "portion, segment (of an orange)," pargâlé, "piece, portion; patch;" (dialects Kermâni pariké "portion, half;" Tabari perik "minute quantity, particle;" Lârestâni pakva "patch;" Borujerdi parru "patch"); Mid.Pers. pârag "piece, part, portion; gift, offering, bribe;" Av. pāra- "debt," from par- "to remunerate, equalize; to condemn;" PIE *per- "to sell, hand over, distribute; to assigne;" Gk. peprotai "it has been granted;" L. pars, as above; Skt. purti- "reward;" Hitt. pars-, parsiya- "to break, crumble") + -eš suffix.

proportional
  برپارشی   
barpâreši

Fr.: proportionnel   

Being in or characterized by proportion.
Math.: Of two quantities, having the same or a constant ratio or relation.

proportion + → -al.

proportional counter
  شمارگر ِ برپارشی   
šomârgar-e barpâreši

Fr.: compteur proportionnel   

A device in which an electronic detection system receives pulses that are proportional to the number of ions formed in a gas-filled tube by ionizing radiation.

proportional; → counter.

proportionality
  برپارشیگی   
barpârešigi

Fr.: proportionalité   

Math.: A relationship bewteen two quantities such that if one quantity changes the other changes in the same proportion; denoted as y ∝ x.

proportional + → -ity.

proportionality constant
  پایای ِ برپارشیگی   
pâyâ-ye barpârešigi

Fr.: constante de proportionalité   

Math.: A → constant that converts a proportionality into an → equation. Thus the proportionality constant k converts the proportionality y ∝ x into the equation y = kx.

proportionality + → constant.

proposition
  فراهل، گزاره   
farâhel, gozâré (#)

Fr.: proposition   

1) The act of offering or suggesting something to be considered, accepted, adopted, or done.
2) A plan or scheme proposed.
3) Logic: A statement in which something is affirmed or denied, so that it can therefore be significantly characterized as either true or false.
4) Math.: A formal statement of either a truth to be demonstrated or an operation to be performed; a theorem or a problem (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → propose.

propositional
  گزاره‌ای   
gozaare#ay (#)

Fr.: propositionnel   

Logic: Of, relating to, or in the form of a → proposition.

proposition; → -al.

propositional constant
  پایای ِ گزاره‌ای   
pâyâ-ye gozaare#ay

Fr.: constante propositionnelle   

Logic: A → propositional symbol that represents a → specific → proposition.

propositional; → constant.

propositional logic
  گوییک ِ گزاره‌ای، ~ گزاره‌ها   
guyik-e gozâre-yi, ~ gozaarehâ

Fr.: logique propositionnelle   

A branch of logic that deals with the → truth values of logical statements (→ sentences, → propositions) and uses → logical connectives to build more complex → expressions. The distinctive feature of propositional logic is that it does not deal with logical relationships and properties that involve the parts of a statement smaller than the simple statements making it up. The propositions are evaluated as → true or → false. A more expressive system is provided by the → first-order logic.

proposition; → -al; → logic.

propositional symbol
  نماد ِ گزاره‌ای   
nemâd-e gozâreyi

Fr.: symbole propositionnel   

An upper case letter, e.g. "A," "B," "C," etc. representing a → proposition. Propositional symbols are divisible into two sorts: → propositional constants and → propositional variables.

propositional; → symbol.

propositional variable
  ورتنده‌ی ِ گزاره‌ای   
vartande-ye gozâre-yi

Fr.: variable propositionnel   

Logic: A → propositional symbol that represents any → proposition whatsoever.

propositional; → variable.

propulsion
  پیشرانش   
pišrâneš (#)

Fr.: propulsion   

The act or process of propelling. The state of being propelled.

Verbal noun from → propel.

protestation
  پاخوسش   
pâxoseš

Fr.: protestation   

1) The act of protesting.
2) Formal expression or declaration of objection, dissent, or disapproval (Dictionary.com).

protest; → -tion.

proton
  پروتون   
proton (#)

Fr.: proton   

A particle of the hadron family which is one of the two particles that make up atomic nuclei. It has an electric charge of one positive fundamental unit, a diameter of about 1.65 x 10-13 cm, and a mass of about 1.67 x 10-24 g (about 938 MeV c-2).

From Gk. proton, neuter of protos "first." Coined by Eng. physicist Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937).

proton temperature
  دمای ِ پروتونی   
damâ-ye protoni

Fr.: température protonique   

The temperature in the → solar wind, as derived from the mean kinetic energy of protons: mv2/2 = (3/2)kTp, where k is → Boltzmann's constant. There are two types of proton temperature: parallel temperature, measured from protons moving parallel to the magnetic field, and perpendicular temperature relating to protons at right angles to the magnetic field. The proton temperature is usually derived using particle detectors on board space probes that determine the velocity → distribution function of the particles from their energies (N. Meyer-Vernet, 2007, Basics of the Solar Wind, Cambridge Univ. Press). See also → electron temperature.

proton; → temperature.

proton-proton chain
  زنجیره‌ی ِ پروتون-پروتون   
zanjire-ye proton-proton (#)

Fr.: chaîne proton-proton   

A series of → thermonuclear reactions, taking place mainly in → low-mass stars, such as the Sun, which transforms four hydrogen nuclei (protons) into one helium (4He) nucleus and thereby generates energy in the stellar core. First, two protons (1H) combine to form a → deuterium nucleus (2H) with the emission of a → positron (e+) and a → neutrino (ν): 1H + 1H → 2H + e+ + ν. The deuterium nucleus then rapidly captures another proton to form a helium-3 nucleus (3He), while emitting a → gamma ray (γ): 2H + 1H → 3He + γ. There are three alternatives for the next step. In the PP I chain, occurring in 86% of the cases, two 3He nuclei fuse to a final 4He nucleus while two protons are released: 3He + 3He → 4He + 1H + 1H. The mass of the resulting 4He nucleus is less than the total mass of the four original protons used to produce 4He (→ mass defect). The difference, ~ 0.7% of the total mass of the protons, is converted into energy and radiated by the Sun. In this process, the Sun loses some 4 million tons of its mass each second. See also → CNO cycle.

proton; → chain.

proton-proton reaction
  واژیرش ِ پروتون-پروتون   
vâžireš-e-e proton-proton

Fr.: réaction proton-proton   

A → thermonuclear reaction in which two protons collide at very high velocities and combine to form a → deuterium. See also → proton-proton chain.

proton; → reaction.

protoneutron star
  ستاره‌ی ِ پوروا-نوترونی   
setâre-ye purvâ-notroni

Fr.: proto-étoile à neutrons   

A compact, hot, and → neutrino-rich object that results from a → supernova explosion and is a transition between an → iron core and a → neutron star or → black hole. The life span of a protoneutron star is less than one minute.

proto-; → neutron; → star.

provocation
  فراوچ   
farâvac

Fr.: provocation   

1) The act of provoking.
2) Something that → incites, → instigates, angers, or irritates (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → provoke.

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