An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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congruent line segments
  برنک‌های ِ دمساز   
borankhâ-ye damsâz

Fr.: segments congru   

Two line segments if they have the same length. They need not lie at the same angle or position on the plane.

congruent; → line; → segment.

congruent number
  عدد ِ دمساز   
adad-e damsâz

Fr.: nombre congru   

Number theory: An → integer N if there exists a → right triangle with → rational sides so that the area of the triangle is N. For example, the number N = 6, because of the 3-4-5 triangle.

congruent; → number.

congruent polygons
  چندبرهای ِ دمساز   
candbarhâ-ye damsâz

Fr.: polygones congrus   

Polygons that have an equal number of sides, and all the corresponding sides and angles are congruent. However, they can be in a different location, rotated or flipped over.

congruent; → polygon.

congruent triangles
  سه‌برهای ِ دمساز   
sebarhâ-ye damsâz

Fr.: triangles congrus   

Two triangles when all corresponding sides and interior angles have the same measure. The triangles will have the same shape and size, but one may be a mirror image of the other.

congruent; → triangle.

conic
  مخروطی   
maxruti (#)

Fr.: conique   

Same as → conic section.

Adj. from → cone.

conic section
  سکنج ِ مخروطی   
sekanj-e maxruti

Fr.: section conique   

A curve which may be represented as the intersection of a plane with a cone; hence a → parabola, → hyperbola, or → ellipse.

cone; → section.

conjecture
  ۱) هاشن؛ ۲) هاشنیدن   
1) hâšan; 2) hâšanidan

Fr.: 1) conjecture; 2) conjecturer, supposer   

1a) The formation or expression of an opinion or theory without sufficient evidence for proof. → mathematical conjecture.
1b) An opinion or theory so formed or expressed; → guess; → speculation.
2) To conclude or suppose from grounds or evidence insufficient to ensure reliability (Dictionary.com).

An opinion or theory formed without sufficient evidence for proof; guess; speculation.

M.E., from O.Fr. conjecture "surmise, guess," or directly from L. coniectura "conclusion, interpretation, guess, inference," literally "a casting together (of facts, etc.)," from coniectus, p.p. of conicere "to throw together," from → com- "together" + iacere "to throw," → eject.

Hâšan, from hâ-, variant ham-, → com-, + šan, from ešândan "to throw out," → eject.

conjugate
  ۱) همیوغ؛ ۲) همیوغیدن   
1) hamyuq (#); 2) hamyuqidan (#)

Fr.: 1) conjugué; 2) conjuguer   

1) An element of a group related to a given element x by y = z-1xz or zy = xz, where z is another element of the group. Also known as → transform.
2) To → inflect a verb.

From L. conjugare "to join together," from → com- "together" + jugare "to join," from jugum "yoke," from PIE *yeug- "to join;" cf. Av. yaog- "to yoke, put to; to join, unite," Mid.Pers. jug, ayoxtan "to join, yoke," Mod.Pers. yuq "yoke," Skt. yugam "yoke," Hittite yugan "yoke;" Gk. zygon "yoke," zeugnyanai "to join, unite," O.C.S. igo, O.Welsh iou, Lith. jungas O.E. geoc.

Hamyuq, from ham- "together," → com- + yuq "yoke," from PIE *yeug- "to join," as above.

conjugate angles
  زاویه‌ها‌ی ِ همیوغ   
zâviyehâ-ye hamyuq

Fr.: angles conjugués   

Two angles whose sum is 360° or 2π radians.

conjugate; → angle.

conjugate axis
  آسه‌ی ِ همیوغ   
âse-ye hamyuq

Fr.: axe conjugué   

One of the two diameters of a conic, so related that a tangent at the end of one is parallel to the other.

conjugate; → axis.

conjugate complex number
  عدد ِ همتافت ِ همیوغ   
adad-e hamtâft hamyuq (#)

Fr.: nombre complexe conjugé   

The conjugate of a → complex number, expressed by ū = a - bi. The complex number and its conjugate have the same real part. Same as → complex conjugate.

conjugate; → complex; → number.

conjugate momentum
  جنباک ِ همیوغ   
jonbâk hamyuq

Fr.: moment conjugué   

If qj (j = 1, 2, ...) are generalized coordinates of a classical dynamical system, and L is its Lagrangian, the momentum conjugate to qj is pj = ∂L/∂q. Also known as canonical momentum.

conjugate; → momentum.

conjugate points
  نقطه‌های ِ همیوغ   
noqtehâ-ye hamyuq

Fr.: points conjugués   

Two points positioned along the principal axis of a mirror or lens so that light coming from one focuses onto the other.

conjugate; → point.

conjugate ray
  پرتو ِ همیوغ   
partow-e hamyuq

Fr.: rayon conjugué   

Of an optical ray, the parallel ray that passes through the center of the → optical system.

conjugate; → ray.

conjugate transpose
  ترانهاد ِ همیوغ   
tarânehâd-e hamyuq

Fr.: transpose conjugé   

Of an m x nmatrix  A with → complex  → elements, the n x m matrix A* obtained from A by taking the → transpose and then taking the → complex conjugate of each element. Same as → adjoint matrix or Hermitian transpose.

conjugate; → transpose.

conjugation
  همیوغش   
hamyuqeš (#)

Fr.: conjugaison   

1) Math: An operation of a group G on itself which associates with each ordered pair (x,y) of elements in the group the element xyx-1.
2) Grammar: The → inflection of verbs.

Verbal noun form of → conjugate.

Hamyuqeš, from ham-, as above + yuqeš verbal noun of yuqidan "to yoke, join," from yuq "yoke," from PIE *yeug- "to join," → conjugate.

conjunct
  هم‌جوهه   
hamjuhé

Fr.:   

Any of the component statements of a → conjunction.

conjunction.

conjunction
  ۱) هم‌ایستان، هاجوهش؛ ۲) هاجوهش   
1) hamistân, hâjuheš; 2) hâjuheš

Fr.: conjonction   

1) A position of two bodies in the → solar system when they have the same → celestial longitude, seen from the Earth. The bodies can be a → planet and the → Sun, two planets or the → Moon and a planet. The → superior planets are in conjunction with the Sun, when, seen from the Earth, they are right behind the Sun. The → inferior planets, such as Mercury and Venus, have two conjunctions with the Sun: → inferior conjunction, when they are between the Earth and the Sun, and → superior conjunction, when they are on the other side of the Sun.
2) Logic: A → proposition of the form "A and B" (A ∧ B), where A and B are themselves propositions. For example, if A is "It is 8 O'clock" and B is "We are late," then AB is "It is 8 O'clock and we are late." A and B are called → conjuncts. The conjunction of A and B is → true only if A and B are both true.
3) Grammar: A word that connects words, phrases, or clauses, or sentences. Examples are: and, or, but, because, however, neither.

M.E. conjunccio(u)n, from O.Fr. conjonction, from L. conjunctionem, p.p. of conjugare "to join together," from → com- "together" + jugare "to join," from jugum "yoke," from PIE *yeug- "to join;" Av. yaog- "to yoke, put to; to join, unite;" Mid.Pers. jug, ayoxtan "to join, yoke;" Mod.Pers. yuq "yoke," variant juh, → yoke; Skt. yugam "yoke;" Hittite yugan "yoke;" Gk. zygon "yoke," zeugnyanai "to join, unite;" O.C.S. igo; O.Welsh iou; Lith. jungas; O.E. geoc.

Hamistân "standing together," from ham- "together," → com- + istân "standing," from istâdan "to stand" (cf. Skt samstha "an assembly"), Mid.Pers. êstâtan, O.Pers./Av. sta- "to stand, stand still; set," Av. hištaiti, cf. Skt. sthâ- "to stand," Gk. histemi "put, place, weigh," stasis "a standing still," L. stare "to stand."
Hâjuheš, from hâ-, variant of ham-, → com-, + juh "yoke," as above.

connect
  هابندیدن   
hâbandidan

Fr.: connecter, se connecter   

To join, link, or fasten together.
To establish communication with or between.

M.E., from L. connectere, from "to fasten together, join together," from → com- "together" + nectere "to bind, tie," from nexus "bond, link," related to nodus "knot."

Hâbandidan, from hâ- intensive prefix, from ham-, → com-, + band present stem of bandidan, bastan, → band; cf. (dialectal Anâraki) ha-bend.

connected
  هابندیده   
hâbandidé

Fr.: connecté   

Joined, linked, or having a connection. → connected graph.

Past participle of → connect.

<< < "no abe acc act aff ama ani ant aps ast atm aut bar bic Boh bou cal car cel che cla col com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con Cor cor cot cul de- dec dem des dif dil dir dis dom dyn Edd ele ele emi equ Eve exc exp fac fin for fre fuz gen Glo gra gra Ham hel hor hyd ign inc inf Inf int Int int ion irr jum Lag lea lig lin Lor Lyo mag mat met min Mon moo NaC neg New New non non non nul obs one opt Ori oxi par per per phl pho pla Pla pol pos pre pro pro pse qua rad rad rea rec reg rel res ret rot Ryd sci sec sec sep sim Soc son spe sta Ste Sto sub sup syn the Tho top tra Tro unc vec vio Was Wil Zhe > >>