An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
noctilucent cloud
  ابر ِ شب‌تاب   
abr-e šabtâb

Fr.: nuage nocturne lumineux   

The highest clouds in the Earth's atmosphere, at altitudes between 75 and 90 km. They resemble thin cirrus clouds with a bluish or silverish color, and are visible only during twilight.

From nocti- combining form of L. nox, → night, + L. lucent p.p. of lucere "to shine," from luxlight; → cloud.

Abr, → cloud, + šabtâb "noctilucent," from šab, → night, + tâb present stem of tâbidan "to shine," → luminous.

nodal
  گرهی   
gerehi (#)

Fr.: nodal   

Relating to or of the nature of a node.

node; → -al.

nodal line
  خط ِ گره‌ها   
xatt-e gerehhâ

Fr.: ligne des noeuds   

The line connecting the ascending and descending nodes of an orbit.

nodal; → line.

nodal point
  نقطه‌ی ِ گرهی   
noqte-ye gerehi

Fr.: point nodal   

Any of the two points on the → axis of a → lens system, such that if the → incident ray passes through one, travelling in a given direction, the → emergent ray passes the other in a parallel direction.

nodal; → point.

nodal regression
  پسرفت ِ گرهی   
pasraft-e gerehi

Fr.: regression nodale   

For a ring inclined to the planet's equator, the points at which the ring crosses the equator (nodes) slowly move around the planet (regress) in a direction opposite to that of the ring's orbital motion. (Ellis et al., 2007, Planetary Ring Systems, Springer).

nodal; → regression.

node
  گره   
gereh (#)

Fr.: nœud   

1) A point of zero → amplitude in a system of → stationary waves. See also → antinode.
2) A → junction point in a network.
3) Same as → orbital node; see also → lunar node.
4) In → graph theory, same as → vertex.

From L. nodus "knot;" cognate with necto "I bind," Skt. nahyati "binds, ties," Av. naska-, "bundle," Old Irish nascim "to bind," Old Norse knutr, Norwegian knut, Icelandic hnutur, O.E. cnotta, Modern E. knot, O.H.G. knotto, Ger. Knoten; PIE root *ned- "to bind, tie."

Gereh "knot," from Mid.Pers. grih "knot;" Sogdian γr'nš "knot, bond, joining;" Khotanese grantha- "knot;" cf. Skt. granthi- "knot."

nodical month
  ماه ِ گرهی، ~ گوزهری   
mâh-e gerehi (#), ~ gowzahri (#)

Fr.: mois draconitique   

The time interval between two successive passages of the Moon through its ascending node (27.212220 days, i.e., 27 days 5 hours 5 minutes 35.8 seconds). Nodical month is important for predicting eclipses. Also called → draconic month.

Nodical adj. of → node; → month.

Mâh, → month; gerehi, adj. of gereh, → node; gowzahridraconic month.

nodule
  گرهول   
gerhul

Fr.: nodule   

1) A small node, knot, or knob.
2) A small, rounded mass or lump.

From L. nodulus "small knot;" → node, → -ule.

Gerhule, from gereh, → node, + -ul, → -ule.

Noether's theorem
  فربین ِ نوتر   
farbin-e Noether

Fr.: théorème de Noether   

A → symmetry in a physical system leads to a → conserved quantity. For example, symmetry under → translation corresponds to conservation of → momentum, symmetry under → rotation to conservation of → angular momentum, and symmetry in → time to conservation of → energy. The Noether symmetry theorem is a fundamental tool of modern theoretical physics and the calculus of variations, allowing to derive conserved quantities from the existence of variational symmetries.

Named in honor of the German-American woman mathematician Amalie Emmy Noether (1182-1935), who published the theorem in 1918 ("Invariante Variationsprobleme," Nachr. D. König. Gesellsch. D. Wiss. Zu Göttingen, Math-phys. Klasse 1918: 235-257).

noise
  نوفه   
nufé (#)

Fr.: bruit   

1) The → random → fluctuations that are always associated with a measurement that is repeated many times over. Any unwanted disturbance, random or → systematic, which contaminates the → signal from an object under study. More specifically:
2) Electronics: An undesired signal within the useful frequency band.
3) Acoustics: Any extraneous sound tending to interfere with the perception of wanted sound.
See also:
atmospheric noise, → background noise, → cosmic radio noise, → dark current noise, → Galactic radio noise, → Johnson-Nyquist noise, → noise source, → noise temperature, → noise voltage, → noise-equivalent power, → photon noise, → quantum noise, → radio noise, → random noise, → readout noise, → receiver noise, → Schottky noise, → shot noise, → signal-to-noise ratio, → speckle noise, → stationary noise, → system noise, → thermal noise, → white noise.

Noise, of obscure origin; it has been related to O.Fr. noise "uproar, brawl," apparently from L. nausea "disgust, annoyance," literally "seasickness." Alternatively the O.Fr. word is traced to L. noxia "hurting, injury, damage."

Nufé "noise," related to Mod.Pers. noyidan "to cry loud, lament," navidan, nâvidan "to lament," noyé, nôyah "plaint, mown," navâ "sound, song," (with prefix *uz-) zenudan, zenav-, zonudan "to wail," Ossetic niwyn/newun "to howl," O.Khotanese nuva- "to make a noise," Yaqnâvi nuyok "crying, howling," novva "sound," Shahmirzâdi nâv- "to cry; cf. Skt. nav- "to sound loudly, roar," náva- "show of joy or triumph;" L. nuntius "messenger," adnuntiare "to annoince;" Tocharian AB nu- "to roar, PIE *neu- "to shout".

noise source
  خن ِ نوفه   
xan-e nufé

Fr.: source de bruit   

An electronic device designed to generate known amounts of radio noise in order to test and calibrate the receivers of radio telescopes.

noise; → source.

noise temperature
  دمای ِ نوفه   
damâ-ye nufé

Fr.: température de bruit   

A means for specifying the noise generated as unwanted → electromagnetic radiation in a receiver system or one of its components. It is usually measured in terms of the equivalent temperature in a → Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum. Noise temperature is used mainly in radio astronomy.

noise; → temperature.

noise voltage
  ولتاژ ِ نوفه   
voltâž-e nufé

Fr.: voltage de bruit   

Fluctuations of electric potential in a physical system due to spontaneous disturbances in the system.

noise; → voltage.

noise-equivalent power
  توان ِ هم‌ارز ِ نوفه   
tavân-e ham-arz-e nufé

Fr.: puissance équivalente de bruit   

A measure of the sensitivity of an electronic detector, defined as the power input to the detector that will create a signal to noise ratio of one for an integration time of half a second.

noise; → equivalent; → power.

nomenclature
  نامگذاری   
nâmgozâri (#)

Fr.: nomenclature   

A set or system of names or terms assigned to objects or items in a particular science or art.

From Fr. nomenclature, from L. nomenclatura "calling of names," from nomenclator, variant of nomenculator "one who announces names, namer," from nomen, → name, + calator "caller," from calare "to call."

Nâmgozâri, from nâm, → name, + gozâri, verbal noun of gozâštan "to place, put; to allow, let," related to gozaštan "to pass, proceed, go over;" Mid.Pers. vitar- "to let pass, lead; to pass;" O.Pers. vitar- "to go across," viytarrayam "I put across;" Av. tar- "to cross over," vī-tərəta- "taken away, isolated;" ultimately Proto-Ir. *ui-tar-.

nominal
  نامنال   
nâmenâl

Fr.: nominal   

1) Of, pertaining to, or constituting a name or names, a noun or nouns.
2) Describing a value quoted for commodity, expectation, or its current estimate, as opposed to the actual value. → nominal value.
3) Within acceptable limits; as expected.
4) a) Grammar: Relating to a noun or to any word or word group that functions as a noun. b) A word which differs from a noun but functions as one.

From L. nominalis "pertaining to a name or names," from nomen "name," cognate with Pers. nâm, as below.

Nâmenâl, from nâmen, from O.Pers./Av.nâman-, → name, + suffix -al.

nominal focal length
  درازای ِ کانونی ِ نامنال   
derâzâ-ye kânuni-ye nâmenâl

Fr.: distance focale nominale   

An approximate value of the → focal length, used for the classification of lenses, mirrors, or cameras, as opposed to the measured one.

nominal; → focal; → length.

nominal value
  ارزش ِ نامنال   
arzeš-e nâmenâl

Fr.: valeur nominale   

The assigned, specified, or intended value of a quantity.

nominal; → value.

nominate
  نامنیدن   
nâmenidan

Fr.: nominer   

1) To propose (someone) for appointment or election to an office; to appoint to a duty or office.
2) To name; designate.

From L. nominatus, p.p. of nominare "to name, call by name, give a name to," also "name for office," from nomen, → name.

Nâmenidan, from nâmen, from O.Pers./Av.nâman-, → name, + infinitive suffix -idan.

nominated
  نامنیده   
nâmenide

Fr.: nominé   

Having received a → nomination.

Past participle of → nominate.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>