An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 1381
selenocentric gravitational constant
  پایای ِ گرانشی ماه‌مرکزی   
pâyâ-ye gerâneši-ye mâh-markazi

Fr.: constante gravitationnelle sélénocentrique   

A parameter representing the product of the → gravitational constant by the → lunar mass. It is 49.03 x 1011 m3 s-2.

selenocentric; → gravitational; → constant.

selenography
  ماه‌نگاری   
mâh-negâri (#)

Fr.: sélénographie   

Topographic description and charting of the surface of the Moon.

From seleno- combining form of Gk. selene "moon" + → -graphy.

Mâh-negâri, from mâh, → moon + negâri, → -graphy.

self-
  خود-   
xod- (#)

Fr.: auto-   

A combining form of self with a range of related meanings.

From M.E., from O.E. self, seolf, sylf "one's own person, same;" cf. O.Fris. self, Du. zelf, O.H.G. selb, Ger. selbst.

Xod-, from xod; Mid.Pers. xwad "self; indeed;" Av. hva- "self, own."

self-absorption
  خود-درشم   
xod-daršam

Fr.: auto-absorption   

The decrease in the radiation from a material caused by the absorption of a part of the radiation by the material itself.

self-; → absorption.

self-awareness
  خود-آگاهی، خویشتن‌آگاهی   
xod-âgâhi, xištan-âgâhi

Fr.: connaissance de soi   

The → state or → condition of being aware of one's own → personality or → individuality.

self-; → awareness.

self-gravitating
  خود-گراننده   
xod-gerânandé

Fr.: auto-gravitant   

The characteristic of a system of masses, such as a star, kept together by mutual gravity.

self; → gravitate.

self-gravity
  خود-گرانی   
xod-gerâni

Fr.: auto-gravité   

The → gravitational attraction of a system of masses, such of a planet, that allows the system to be held together by their mutual gravity. Self-gravity between atoms allows a → star to hold together, despite tremendous temperature and pressure. Similarly, to be considered a → planet, a body must have enough mass so that its self-gravity pulls it into a near-spherical shape.

self-; → gravity.

self-inductance
  خود-درهازندگی   
xod-darhâzandegi

Fr.: auto-inductance   

The inductance associated with an isolated electric circuit that is characteristic of the circuit's physical design.

self-; → inductance.

self-induction
  خود-درهازش   
xod-darhâzeš

Fr.: auto-induction   

The generation of a voltage in a circuit due to self-inductance, the polarity of which tends to oppose the changing current in the circuit.

self-; → induction.

self-shadowed disk
  گرده‌ی ِ خود-پرده، دیسک ِ ~   
gerde-ye xod-pardé, disk-e ~

Fr.: disque auto-écranté   

A model of → accretion disk around a → pre-main sequence star or a → protostar in which the outer parts of the disk are geometrically flat, in contrast to a → flared disk. Inward of a certain radius (0.5-1 AU from the star) the dust in the disk evaporates. Because the dust is the main source of opacity and the gas in the disk is usually optically thin, the irradiation burns a hole in the disk. Moreover, the inner rim puffs up, similarly to the case of flared disks. The difference lies in the outer parts. The inner rim casts its shadow over the disk all the way out. Since the disk thickness is almost constant, no photons can reach the surface of the disk and the outer parts of the disk remain shadowed by the inner rim and the midplane temperatures decrease accordingly. This model explains the observed → spectral energy distribution of some pre-main sequence stars, such as HD 101412. It also accounts for the observed weak → far infraredexcess, weak or no → PAH emission, and weak or no [O I] emission.

self-; → shadow; → disk.

Gerdé, → disk; xod-, → self-; pardé, → screen.

self-shielding
  خود-سپرکرد   
xod-separkard

Fr.: auto-écrantage   

The phenomenon whereby the → photodissociation transitions of a molecule in interstellar clouds become → optically thick, so that the molecule in question is "shielded" by other molecules against dissociating stellar → far-ultraviolet (FUV) photons. In the case of → molecular hydrogen (H2), when the → column density exceeds 1014 cm-2, the UV absorption bands become optically thick, and H2 undergoes self-shielding. More specifically, all of the photons that could lead to UV photodissociation are absorbed by H2 in the outer layers of the cloud, hence protecting the H2 within the cloud. Self-shielding occurs in → diffuse interstellar clouds exposed to the interstellar → radiation field or in → molecular clouds in proximity to sources of UV photons. Dust can also absorb UV photons, further limiting the photodissociation, but it dominates only when the local UV radiation field is unusually intense relative to the density of the cloud.

self-; → shield; → -ing.

self-similar
  خودهمانند   
xod-hamânad

Fr.: auto-similaire   

1) Of a geometric figure, having a structure analogous or identical to its overall structure. → fractal.
2) The quality of a variable entity in which the shape does not change with time, such as a → self-similar process.

self-; → similar.

self-similar process
  فراروند ِ خودهمانند   
farâravand-e xod-hamânad

Fr.: processus auto-similaire   

A process that is invariant in distribution under scaling of time. Schematically, images taken of such a process at different time scales will look similar.

self-; → similar; → process.

self-similarity
  خودهمانندی   
xod-hamânadi

Fr.: auto-similarité   

The property of being → self-similar.

self-; → similarity.

Sellmeier's equation
  هموگش ِ زلمایر   
hamugeš-e Sellmeier

Fr.: équation de Sellmeier   

An empirical relation between the → refractive index of a medium and the wavelength of light passing through the medium: n2 - 1 = Σ (Aiλ2/(λ2 - λi2)), where n is the refractive index at wavelength λ, and Ai and λi are constants.

Named after Wolfgang Sellmeier who derived the equation in 1871; → equation.

semantic
  چماریک   
cemârik

Fr.: sémantique   

1) Of, pertaining to, or arising from the different meanings of words or other signs and symbols.
2) Of or pertaining to → semantics.

From Fr. sémantique, from Gk. semantikos "significant," from semainein "to show, signify, indicate by a sign," from sema "sign."

Cemârik, from cemâr, → meaning, + -ik, → -ic.

semantics
  چماریک   
cemârik

Fr.: sémantique   

The study of the → meaning of signs or symbols, as opposed to their formal relations (→ syntactics).

semantic; → -ics.

semen
  شسر   
šosar (#)

Fr.: sperme, semence   

Biology: The male reproductive fluid, containing spermatozoa in suspension. → inseminate, → insemination; → fecundate, → fecundation.

M.E., from L. semen "seed;" akin to serere "to sow;" cf. O.C.S. seme, O.H.G. samo; E. sow.

From Mid.Pers. šusar "semen; liquid, fluid;" Av. xšudra- "semen; liquid, fluid;" related to Pers. šostan/šuy- "to → wash."

semi-
  نیم-، نیمه-   
nim- (#), nimé- (#)

Fr.: semi-, demi-   

A combining form meaning "half," freely prefixed to English words of any origin.

From L. semi- "half," from PIE *semi-; cf. Skt. sāmi "half," sāmi-krita- "half-done;" Gk. hemi- "half;" O.E. sam-; Goth. sami- "half."

Nim, nimé "half," from Mid.Pers. nêm, nêmag "half;" Av. naēma- "half;" cf. Skt. néma- "half."

semi-forbidden line
  خط ِ نیمه-بژکم   
xatt-e nime-bažkam

Fr.: raie semi-interdite   

A → spectral line for which the upper and lower → energy levels have different values of S, the total → spin angular momentum. These lines violate the quantum mechanical → selection rule under → LS coupling, ΔS = 0. For example, the Ca I λ6573 line results from transition between the upper → triplet state (3P1) with a total spin angular momentum S = 1 and the → ground state, a → singlet state (1S0, total spin angular momentum S = 0). A semi-forbidden line is marked by a right bracket following the atom name, i.e. Ca I], in the above-mentioned case. Same as → interconnection line and → intersystem line.

semi-; → forbidden; → line.


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