An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 1381
subshell
  زیر-پوسته   
zir-pusté

Fr.: sous couche   

A set of electrons with the same angular momentum quantum number, denote l. The number of electrons permitted in a subshell is equal to 2l + 1.

sub- + → shell.

subsolar point
  نقطه‌ی ِ زیر-خورشیدی   
noqte-ye zir-xoršidi

Fr.: point subsolaire   

The point of the surface of a celestial body (including the Earth) at which the Sun is directly overhead at a particular time.

sub-; → solar; → point.

subsonic
  زیر-صدایی   
zir-sedâyi

Fr.: subsonique   

Describing a speed that is less than the speed of sound in the medium concerned. → supersonic.

sub-; → sonic.

subsonic flow
  تچان ِ زیر-صدایی   
tacân-e zir-sedâyi

Fr.: écoulement subsonique   

A flow in which the velocity of the constituting particles never exceeds that of sound in the same fluid. Also called subcritical flow.

subsonic; → flow.

substance
  زیریست   
zirist

Fr.: substance   

1) That of which a thing consists; physical matter or material.
2) Physics: A species of matter, commonly homogeneous, that occurs in macroscopic amounts.
3) Philo.: That by virtue of which a thing has its determinate nature, which makes it what it is, as distinguished from something else.

M.E., from O.Fr. substance, from L. substantia "being, essence, material," from substans, pr.p. of substare "to stand under or be present," from → sub- "up to, under" + stare "to stand," cognate with Pers. istâdan "to stand," as below.

Zirist, literally "to stand under," from zir-, → sub-, + ist "to stand; to be standing, "from istâdan "to stand;" Mid.Pers. êstâtan; O.Pers./Av. sta- "to stand, stand still; set;" Av. hištaiti; cf. Skt. sthâ- "to stand;" Gk. histemi "put, place, weigh," stasis "a standing still;" L. stare "to stand;" Lith. statau "place;" Goth. standan; PIE base *sta- "to stand."

substantive
  زیریستین   
ziristin

Fr.: substantif   

Grammar: A word or word group functioning syntactically as a noun. Substantives include nouns and → nominals.

M.E., from L.L. substantivus "of substance or being," from L. substantia "being, essence, material," → substance, contraction of "noun substantive" from L. nomen substantivum ("independent noun") as opposed to nomen adiectivum "noun adjective" ("dependent noun").

Ziristin, from zirist, → substance, + -in a suffix of relation.

substellar
  زیر-ستاره‌ای   
zir-setâre-yi

Fr.: sous-stellaire   

1) Pertaining to a class of objects with a mass less than 8 percent that of the Sun.
2) → substellar point.

sub- + → stellar.

substellar limit
  حدّ ِ زیر-ستاره‌ای   
hadd-e zir-setâre-yi

Fr.: limite sous-stellaire   

The mass limit below which → hydrogen fusion cannot take place, and the cloud collapse cannot lead to the formation of a star. The limit is 0.075 → solar masses, corresponding to about 80 Jupiter masses.

substellar; → limit.

substellar object
  بر‌آخت ِ زیر-ستاره‌ای   
bart-e zir-setâre-yi

Fr.: objet sous-stellaire   

An object with a mass too small to sustain the → proton-proton chain and thus become a true star. See → brown dwarf.

substellar; → object.

substellar point
  نقطه‌ی ِ زیر-ستاره‌ای   
noqte-ye zir-setâre-yi

Fr.: point substellaire   

The point on the Earth, or other body, at which a particular star is directly overhead at a given time.

substellar; → point.

substellarity
  زیر-ستارگی   
zir-setâregi

Fr.: nature sous-stellaire   

The fact or condition, for an object, of not being capable to sustain the → hydrogen fusion because of its low mass (less than 0.08 → solar masses).

substellar + → -ity.

subsystem
  زیر-راژمان   
zir-râžmân

Fr.: sous-système   

A coherent component of a larger system.

sub-; → system

subtend
  زیرتانیدن   
zirtânidan

Fr.: sous-tendre   

To be opposite and delimit the extent of an angle or side of a geometric figure.

From L. subtendere "to stretch beneath," from → sub- + tendere "to stretch," cognate with Pers. târ "string," tanidan "to weave," as below.

Zirtânidan from zir-, → sub-, + tânidan from tân "thread, warp of a web," tâl "thread" (Borujerdi dialect), târ "thread, warp, string," related to tur "net, fishing net, snare," from tanidan, tan- "to spin, twist, weave;" Mid.Pers. tanitan; Av. tan- "to stretch, extend;" cf. Skt. tan- to stretch, extend;" tanoti "stretches," tántra- "warp; essence, main point;" Gk. teinein "to stretch, pull tight;" L. tendere "to stretch, as above; Lith. tiñklas "net, fishing net, snare," Latv. tikls "net;" PIE base *ten- "to stretch."

subtended angle
  زاویه‌ی ِ زیرتانیده   
zâvie-ye zirtânidé

Fr.: angle sous-tendu   

An angle whose two sides pass through the endpoints of an arc.

Subtended p.p. of → subtend; → angle.

subterrestrial point
  نقطه‌ی ِ زیر-زمینی   
noqte-ye zir-zamini

Fr.: point subterrestre   

The point on the surface of a celestial body where the star is perceived to be directly overhead (in zenith). The sublunar point and subsolar point are the equivalent points for the Moon and Sun, respectively.

sub-; → terrestrial.

subtle
  نغز   
naqz (#)

Fr.: subtil   

Fine or delicate in meaning or intent.

M.E. sotil, from O.Fr. sotil, soutil, subtil "adept, adroit; cunning, wise; detailed," from L. subtilis "fine, thin, delicate, finely woven," from → sub- "under" + -tilis, from tela "web, net, warp of a fabric," → texture.

Naqz "subtle, elegant, beautiful, excellent, good."

subtract
  زیرکرشیدن، کاهیدن   
zirkaršidan, kâhidan

Fr.: soustraire   

To take one number away from another; deduct. To perform the arithmetic operation of → subtraction.

From L. subtractus, p.p. of subtrahere "to draw from beneath, take away, draw off," from → sub- "from under" + trahere "to pull, draw."

Zirkaršidan, literally "to draw beneath," from zir-, → sub-, + karšidan "to draw, pul, drag," variant of kašidan "to draw, protract, trail, drag, carry;" Av. karš- "to draw; to plow," karša- "furrow;" Proto-Iranian *kerš-/*xrah- "to draw, plow;" cf. Skt. kars-, kársati "to pull, drag, plow;" Gk. pelo, pelomai "to move, to bustle;" PIE base kwels- "to plow."
Kâhidan, → decrease.

subtraction
  زیرکرشش   
zirkaršeš

Fr.: soustraction   

The operation of finding the difference between two numbers or quantities.

Verbal noun of → subtract.

subtractive
  زیرکرششی   
zirkaršeši

Fr.: soustractif   

1) Constituting or involving → subtraction.
2) Math.: Indicating or requiring subtraction; having a → minus sign.

subtract; → -ive.

subtractive color
  رنگ ِ زیرکرششی   
rang-e zirkaršeši

Fr.: synthèse soustractive   

Color produced by mixing pigments rather than light. Mixing all of the subtractive colors together results in the color black. See also → additive color.

subtractive; → color.


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