An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
encrypt
  درنهاندن   
darnehândan

Fr.: crypter   

To convert (information or data) into a system of symbols, especially to prevent unauthorized access. See also → decrypt and → encode.

From en- "in; into" + L. crypt, from Gk. kryptos "hidden, concealed, secret" + → -tion.

Darnahândan, from dar-, → in- + nahândan "to hide, conceal," from nahân "concealed, hid; clandestine;" Mid.Pers. nihân "secrecy, a secret place, a hiding place," nihânik "concealed;" Av. niδāti- "deposing, deposit."

encryption
  درنهانش   
darnehâneš (#)

Fr.: cryptage   

A process that transforms data into another format in such a way that only specific individual(s) can reverse the transformation. Encryption is for maintaining data confidentiality. See also → decryption and → encoding.

encrypt; → -tion.

endo-
  درون-   
darun-

Fr.: endo-   

A combining form meaning "within, inside" used in the formation of compound terms such as → endomorphism and → endothermic.

From Fr., from Gk. endon "in, within, at home," from en "in" + -don, base of domos "house," → domain.

Darun "in, into, within;" Mid.Pers. andarôn "inside," from andar, → inter- + rôn "side, direction;" Av. ravan- "(course of a) river."

endoergic process
  فراروند ِ کاروژگیر   
farâravand-e kâružgir

Fr.: processus endoénergétique   

A nuclear or molecular process in which some of the energy of the incoming particle is absorbed by, or transferred to, the other particle.

endo- + -ergic, a combining form with the meanings "activated by, sensitive to, releasing, resembling the effect produced by the substance or phenomenon specified by the initial element," from → erg, → energy + → -ic; → process.

Farâravand, → process; kâružgir, from kâruž, → energy, + gir present stem of gereftan "to take, seize, catch" (Mid.Pers. griftan, Av./O.Pers. grab- "to take, seize," cf. Skt. grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha "seizing, holding, perceiving," M.L.G. grabben "to grab," from P.Gmc. *grab, E. grab "to take or grasp suddenly;" PIE base *ghrebh- "to seize").

endomorphism
  درون-ریخت‌مندی   
darun-rixtmandi

Fr.: endomorphisme   

A → morphism from an → object to itself.

endo-; → morphism.

endothermic process
  فراروند ِ گرماگیر   
farâravand-e garmâgir (#)

Fr.: processus endothermique   

Process during which heat is absorbed by the system from outside.

endo- + -therm, from Gk. therme "heat," from PIE *ghwerm-/*ghworm- "warm;" cf. Pers. garm "warm," L. fornax "an oven," O.E. wearm "warm" + → -ic.

From garmâ "heat, warmth" (Mid.Pers. garm, O.Pers./Av. garəma- "hot, warm," cf. Skt. gharmah "heat," Gk. thermos "warm," L. formus "warm," P.Gmc. *warmaz, O.E. wearm, O.H.G., Ger. warm, PIE *ghworm-/*ghwerm-, as above) + gir present tense stem of gereftan "to take, seize, catch" (Mid.Pers. griftan, Av./O.Pers. grab- "to take, seize," cf. Skt. grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha "seizing, holding, perceiving," M.L.G. grabben "to grab," from P.Gmc. *grab, E. grab "to take or grasp suddenly;" PIE base *ghrebh- "to seize").

endure
  ۱) پاییدن؛ ۲) تاب آوردن   
1) pâyidan; 2) tâb âvardan

Fr.: 1) durer; 2) supporter, endurer, tolérer   

1) Remain in existence; last.
2) Suffer (something painful or difficult) patiently (OxfordDictionaries.com).

From L. indurare "make hard," from in- + durare "to harden," from durus "hard," → duration.

Pâyidan, → last (v.);
Tâb âvardan b"endure," from tâb "toleration, patience," related to tavân, tavânestan "to be able," → conserve, + âvardan "to bring, to cause, produce," → production.

energetic
  ۱) کاروژمند؛ ۲) کاروژی   
1) kâružmand; 2) kâruži

Fr.: 1) de grande énergie, énergique; 2) énergétique   

1) Having a relatively high amount of energy.
2) Of or relating to energy.

energy + -t + → -ic.

energetic solar particles
  ذره‌های ِ خورشیدی ِ کاروژمند   
zarrehâ-ye xoršidi-ye kâružmand

Fr.: particules solaires énergétiques   

Electrons and atomic nuclei ejected by solar flares, travelling with velocities amounting to a fraction of the velocity of light, and energies mostly in the range 1-100 million → electronvolts (eV), but occasionally as high as 15 billion eVs. Also known as solar → cosmic rays.

Energetic, from Gk. energetikos, from energe-, → energy, + -tikos a suffix, equivalent in meaning to → -ic, occurring in adjectives; → solar; → particle.

Zarrehâ plural of zarré, → particle; xoršidi, → solar; kâružmand from kâruž, → energy, + -mand possession suffix.

energetics
  کاروژیک   
kâružik

Fr.: énergétique   

The total energy relations and transformations of energy within a particular physical, chemical, or biological system.

energy + -t + → -ics.

energy
  کاروژ   
kâruž

Fr.: énergie   

In physics, capacity for doing work.

From M.Fr. energie, from L.L. energia, from Gk. energeia "force in action, activity, operation," from energos "active, working," from en- "in, at" + ergon "work," from PIE base *werg- "to work" (cf. Av. varəz- "to work, do, perform, exercise;" Mod.Pers. varz-, varzidan "to labor, exercise, practise;" Arm. gorc "work;" Lith. verziu "tie, fasten, squeeze," vargas "need, distress;" Goth. waurkjan; O.E. wyrcan "work," wrecan "to drive, hunt, pursue").

Kâruž, literally "work strength," from kâr + . The first component kâr "work," Mid.Pers kâr, Mod./Mid.Pers. kardan "to do, to work," Mid.Pers. kardan; O.Pers./Av. kar- "to do, make, build," Av. kərənaoiti "he makes;" cf. Skt. kr- "to do, to make," krnoti "he makes, he does," karoti "he makes, he does," karma "act, deed;" PIE base kwer- "to do, to make." The second component, , from Mid.Pers. ôž "strength" (ôžômand "strong"), Av. aogah-, aojah- "strength" (aojahvant- "strong") Skt. ojas- "strength" (ojasvant- "strong"); L. augustus "venerable," L.L. augmentare "to increase," from augere "to increase, enlarge, enrich;" Lith. augu "to grow;" Gk. auxo "increase;" Goth. aukan "to grow, increase;" O.E. eacien "to increase"); PIE *augos- "force," *aug- "to increase."

energy cascade
  پی‌شار ِ کاروژ   
peyšâr-e kâruž

Fr.: cascade d'énergie   

The → turbulent process whereby → kinetic energy is transformed into heat by the action of nonlinear coupling which transfers the energy from large eddies (→ eddy) to smaller and smaller eddies, finally arriving at → dissipative scales dominated by → viscosity (direct cascade). In the simplest case (3D homogeneous hydrodynamic turbulence), the resulting energy distribution is the → Kolmogorov spectrum. The reverse process also exists (inverse cascade) whereby energy is transferred to larger and larger eddies.

energy; → cascade.

energy density
  چگالی ِ کاروژ   
cagâli-ye kâruž

Fr.: densité d'énergie   

The amount of energy in the form of radiation per unit volume, expressed in ergs cm-3. In particular, the energy density of blackbody radiation at temperature T is aT4, where the radiation constant a = 7.56 × 10-15 erg cm-3 (K)-4.

energy; → density.

energy generation equation
  هموگش ِ آزانش ِ کاروژ   
hamugeš-e âzâneš-e kâruž

Fr.: équation de génération d'énergie   

Of a stellar → nuclear fusion, the equation describing the → energy generation rate as a function of → density and → temperature.

energy; → generation; → equation.

energy generation rate
  نرخ ِ آزانش ِ کاروژ   
nerx-e âzâneš-e kâruž

Fr.: taux de génération d'énergie   

Of a stellar → nuclear fusion, the energy produced per unit mass per unit time, usually denoted ε (erg g-1s-1). The general form of the energy generation equation is: ε = ε0ρλTν, where ε0, ρ, and λ are constants over some efficiently restricted range of → temperature T, → density ρ, and → chemical composition. The temperature exponent ν is about 4, 15, and 40 for → proton-proton chain, → CNO cycle, and → triple alpha process, respectively.

energy; → generation; → rate.

energy level
  تراز ِ کاروژ   
tarâz-e kâruž

Fr.: niveau d'énergie   

Any of the several discrete states of energy which a particle, atom, or molecule can adopt under conditions where the possible values are restricted by quantum mechanical laws.

energy; → level.

energy spectrum
  بیناب ِ کاروژ   
binâb-e kâruž

Fr.: spectre d'énergie   

Of cosmic rays, the plot representing the number of particles as a function of their energy.

energy; → spectrum.

energy state
  حالت ِ کاروژ   
hâlat-e kâruž

Fr.: état d'énergie   

Same as → energy level.

energy; → state.

energy transfer
  تراوژ ِ کاروژ   
tarâvaž-e kâruž

Fr.: transfert d'énergie   

The → conversion of one → form of energy into another, or the movement of energy from one place or system to another.

energy; → transfer.

energy-momentum tensor
  تانسور ِ کاروژ-جنباک   
tânsor-e kâruž-jonbâk

Fr.: tenseur énergie-quantité de mouvement   

A tensor (Tμν) related to the → Einstein tensor through → Einstein's field equations. The energy-momentum tensor depends upon the distribution of the → energy and → matter in the space.

energy; → momentum; → tensor.


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