An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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octave
  اکتاو   
octâv (#)

Fr.: octave   

The interval between two musical notes, the fundamental components of which have frequencies in the ratio two to one.

M.E., from O.Fr. otaves, from L. octava feminine of octavus, from → octa-, oct- + -avus adj. suffix.

Octâv, loan from Fr. as above.

octet
  هشتایه   
haštâyé

Fr.: octet   

General: A group or series of eight.
Chemistry: A stable group of eight electrons which constitutes the outer electron shell of an atom of an inert gas (except helium whose only electron shell contains two electrons).

From → oct-, octa- + -et, as in duet.

Haštâyé, from haštâ "eightfold" + (y)é nuance suffix, as in dotâyé, → doublet.

octuple
  هشتایی   
haštâyi (#)

Fr.: octuple   

Eightfold; eight times as great.

L. octuplus, from octu- variant (before labials) of → oct- octa- + -plus "fold," from base of plicare "to fold, twist."

Haštâyi, from hašt "eight," → oct- octa- + -tâyi, from "fold, plait, ply; piece, part," also a multiplicative suffix; Mid.Pers. tâg "piece, part."

octupole
  هشت‌قطبه   
haštqotbé

Fr.: octupôle   

A → multipole consisting of eight point charges. Octupole moments are much smaller than → quadrupole moments and very much smaller than → dipole moment.

oct-; → pole.

ocular
  چشمی، دیدگانی   
cašmi, didgâni

Fr.: oculaire   

1) Of, pertaining to, or for the eyes.
2) Optics: An alternative term for → eyepiece.

From L. ocularis "of the eyes," from oculus "eye," from PIE base *okw- "to see;" cf; Av. aši- "(both) eyes;" E. → eye.

Cašmi, related to cašm "eye" (Mid.Pers. cašm, Av. cašman- "eye," ākas- "to look," from prefix ā- + Proto-Iranian *kas- "to look, appear," cf. Skt. cáksus- "seeing"); didgâni, related to didgân "eyes," plural of didé "eye," from didan "to see" (Mid.Pers. ditan "to see, regard, catch sight of, contemplate, experience;" O.Pers. dī- "to see;" Av. dā(y)- "to see," didāti "sees;" cf. Skt. dhī- "to perceive, think, ponder; thought, reflection, meditation," dādhye; Gk. dedorka "have seen").

odd
  تاق   
tâq

Fr.: impair   

Of a number, not divisible by two.
A function such as f(x) with the property that f(-x) = - f(x) for any value of x; e.g. sin(x).

From M.E. odde, from O.N. oddi "odd (number)."

Tâq, related to tak "single, alone", from Mid.Pers. tak, tâg "single, alone," maybe related to tâi, tâ "unit, piece."

odd-even nucleus
  هسته‌ی ِ تاق-جفت   
haste-ye tâq-joft

Fr.: noyau impair-pair   

Nucleus which contains an odd number of protons and an even number of neutrons.

odd; → even; → nucleus.

odd-odd nucleus
  هسته‌ی ِ تاق-تاق   
haste-ye tâq-tâq

Fr.: noyau impair-impair   

Nucleus which contains an odd number of both protons and neutrons.

odd; → nucleus.

oenology
  باده‌شناسی   
bâdešenâsi

Fr.: oenologie   

The science of → wines. Same as enology.

From Gk. oeno-, from oinos cognate with → wine.

Bâdešenâsi, from bâdé, bâda "wine," from Mid.Pers. bâtak "wine," + -šenâsi, → -logy.

oersted
  ا ُرستد   
oersted (#)

Fr.: oersted   

The unit of magnitude of magnetic field strength or magnetic intensity in c.g.s. units, i.e. the force in dynes which a unit magnetic pole would experience at any point in a magnetic field.

In honor of Hans Christian Ørsted (1777-1851), the Danish physicist and philosopher, who was the first to notice the interaction of electric current and the magnetic needle (1819) thereby initiating the study of electromagnetism.

Of star
  ستاره‌ی ِ Of   
setâre-ye Of

Fr.: étoile Of   

An → O star whose spectrum displays strong N III 4634-4640-4642 emission and strong He II 4686 emission. The N III lines are always much stronger than C III 4647-4650-4651 when the latter are present. Historically, Of stars were considered to belong to the peculiar category, hence the f notation (see below). In his thesis work, Walborn (1971, ApJS 23, 257) removed them from that category and established them as the normal O-type → supergiants. He also used the notation ((f)), (f), and f to describe the progression from strong He II 4686 absorption, through weakened/absent, to emission, respectively, correlated with increasing N III emission strength, subsequently showing that it is a luminosity sequence -- the first such for stars earlier than O9.

The reason for the Of designation is that the letters Oa-Oe were used in the original Harvard classification to denote various types of → Wolf-Rayet and OB spectra. Therefore Of was the next available when Plaskett and Pearce (1931, Pub. Dominion Ap. Obs 5, 99) wished to distinguish O-type spectra with selective emission in N III 4634-4640-4642 and He II 4686 ("selective" because other lines from the same ions appear in absorption); → star.

Of?p star
  ستاره‌ی ِ Of?p   
setâre-ye Of?p

Fr.: étoile Of?p   

A → massive star spectrum whose principal defining characteristics is the presence of C III 4647, 4650, 4651 emission lines with strength comparable to that of N III 4634, 4640, 4642. This category was introduced by Walborn (1972) to describe two well-known peculiar stars, HD 108 and HD 148937. → Of star

Of star; the question mark was intended to denote doubt that these stars are normal Of supergiants; p for "peculiar."

off
  دور از، بر، جدا، ...   
dur az, bar, jodâ, ...

Fr.:   

(adverb & preposition) From a place or position; at a distance in space or time. So as to be separated from support.

M.E., from O.E. of "away, away from;" cf. Du. af "off, down," Ger. ab "off, from, down;" PIE *apo- "off, away," → apo-.

off-
  اپ-   
ap-

Fr.: hors   

Away from a place.

off; cognate with Av. and O.Pers. apā "away from, from," as below.

Ap-, from apâ-, from Av. and O.Pers. apā "away from, from;" cf. Skt. apa "away, off;" L. ab- "from, away;" Hittite appa; Gothic af-; Ger. ab-; E. of, as above; PIE base *apo- "off, away"

off-axis optical system
  راژمان ِ نوریک ِ اپ-آسه   
râžmân-e nurik-e ap-âsé

Fr.: système optique hors axe   

An → optical system in which the → optical axis of the → aperture is not coincident with the mechanical center of the aperture.

off; → axis; → optical; → system.

off-line
  اپ-تان، اپ-خط   
ap-tân, ap-xatt

Fr.:   

Of computers, operating independently of, or disconnected from, an associated computer.

off; → line.

off-source observation
  نپاهش ِ اپ-خن   
nepâheš-e ap-xan

Fr.: observation hors source   

An observation when the telescope is pointed away from the source in order to measure the sky background contribution.

off-; → source; → observation.

offend
  آفندیدن   
âfandidan (#)

Fr.: offencer   

1) Cause to feel upset, annoyed, or resentful.
2) Commit an illegal act; break a commonly accepted rule or principle (OxfordDictionaries.com).

M.E. offenden, from O.Fr. ofendre "transgress, antagonize," and directly from L. offendere "to hit, strike against," figuratively "to stumble, commit a fault, displease," from assimilated form of ob "in front of against" + -fendere "to strike, push," from PIE root *gwhen- "to strike, kill;" cf. Av. -γna- "slaying," → murder.

Âfandidan, from âfand "strife, war," probably from Proto-Iranian *â-fanda-, from prefix *â- + *fanda-, from *fan- "to move;" cf. Yazghulami fin-/fud "to descend, come down," fəndan- "to bring down;" Roshani sifan-, Bartangi sifân- "to rise;" Skt. phan- "to jump" (Cheung 2007).

offender
  آفندگر   
âfandgar

Fr.: offencer   

A person who commits an illegal act; a person or thing that does something wrong or causes problems (OxfordDictionaries.com).

offend; → -er.

offense
  آفند   
âfand (#)

Fr.: offense   

1) A breach of a law or rule; an illegal act.
2) Annoyance or resentment brought about by a perceived insult to or disregard for oneself.
3) The action of attacking someone or something (OxfordDictionaries.com).

M.E. offence, offense, from O.Fr. ofense and directly from L. offensa "an offense, affront, crime," literally "a striking against," noun use of fem. p.p. of offendere, → offend.


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