An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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quasar
  کو‌آسار، ستاره‌وَش   
kuâsâr (#), setârevaš (#)

Fr.: quasar   

An compact, extragalactic object which is highly luminous and looks like a star. Their redshifts can be large and their brightness varies. Quasars have an intrinsic luminosity which can reach some 100 times that of bright galaxies. They are thought to be active galactic nuclei with a size a little larger than the solar system. The first quasar to be identified as such, in 1963, was the radio source 3C 273 at a redshift of 0.158. With its 13th magnitude, it is the optically brightest quasar as observed from Earth. Some quasars are strong radio sources.

From quas(i) + (stell)ar (object).

Setârevaš, from setâré, → star, + -vaš, → quasi-.

quasi-
  چونان-، -وش   
cunân-, -vaš

Fr.: quasi-   

A prefix meaning "resembling, almost, having some, but not all of the features of."

From L. quasi "as if, as though," from qua(m)" as" + si "if."

Cunân "so, like that; just as if," from cun "how?," (Mid.Pers. cigôn "how?," cigônêh "nature, character," O.Pers/Av. ci- "what, any," collateral stem to ka- "who?, what?;" cf. Skt. ka-; Gk. po-; L. quo-; E. what, who; PIE *qwos/*qwes) + suffix ân. -vaš a suffix of similitude.

quasi-atom
  چونان-اتم، اتم‌وَش   
cunân-atom, atom-vaš

Fr.: quasi-atome   

A system in which the nuclei of two colliding atoms approach each other closely for a brief lapse of time so that their electrons are arranged in atomic orbitals characteristic of a single atom with combined atomic number.

quasi-; → atom.

quasi-closed subsystem
  زیر-راژمان ِ چونان‌بسته   
zir-râžmân-e cunân-basté

Fr.: sous-système quasi-fermé   

A subsystem if its intrinsic energy is large, on the average, with respect to the energy of its interaction with other portions of the → closed system.

quasi-; → closed; → subsystem.

quasi-linear theory
  نگره‌ی ِ چونان-خطی   
negare-ye cunân-xatti

Fr.: théorie quasi-linéaire   

In plasma physics, the theory that considers the interactions between waves and particles are of first order only. It ignores all terms of second order in the fluctuating quantities.

quasi-; → linear; → theory.

quasi-satellite
  چونان‌ماهواره، چونان‌بنده‌وار   
cunân-mâhvâré, cunân-bandevâr

Fr.: quasi-satellite   

An asteroid moving around the Sun having the same mean motion and mean → longitude as a planet, but a different → eccentricity. The asteroid remains near the planet much like a satellite even when its distance is large enough so that it is well outside the planet's → Hill sphere. The quasi-satellite motion is one class of possible → co-orbital motions of small bodies in 1:1 mean-motion → resonance with a planet. If the quasi-satellite orbit is coplanar with the planet, then the motion is stable in the → secular approximation. When the orbits are inclined enough, an asteroid can be trapped into such a motion for a finite period of time. Earth has several quasi-satellites (mainly 3753 Cruithne, 2002 AA29, 2003 YN107), also does Venus (the only one so far discovered, 2002 VE68). The possibility of such orbits was first suggested by J. Jackson (1913, MNRAS 74, 62).

The term quasi-satellite was first used by S. Mikkola & K. Innanen 1997, The Dynamical Behaviour of our Planetary System; Proceedings, p. 345); → quasi-; → satellite.

quasi-separatrix layer (QSL)
  لایه‌ی ِ چونان‌جداگر   
lâye-ye cunân-jodâgar

Fr.: couche quasi-séparatrice   

A region of the solar atmosphere where the gradient of the field line → linkage from one boundary to another is large so that the field lines can slip-run rapidly through the → plasma. The QSL results from → magnetic reconnection without → null point.

quasi-; → separatrix; → layer.

quasi-single-scattering approximation
  نزدینش ِ چونان-تک‌پراکنش   
nazdineš-e cunân-tak-parâkaneš

Fr.:   

A model of radiative transfer that ignores forward scattering of photons; assuming forward-scattered light as un-scattered.

quasi-; → single; → scattering; → approximation.

quasi-stellar object
  بر‌آخت ِ چونان‌ستاره‌ای   
barâxt-e cunân-setâre-yi

Fr.: objet quasi-stellaire   

Initial name of → quasars.

quasi-; → stellar; → object.

quasi-stellar radio source
  ر‌آدیو-خن ِ چونان‌ستاره، ~ ~ ِ ستاره‌وش   
râdio-xan-e cunân setâré, ~ ~ setâré-vaš

Fr.: radiosource quasi-stellaire   

A quasar with detectable radio emission.

quasi-; → stellar; → radio; → source.

quasicrystal
  چونان‌بلور   
cunân-bolur

Fr.: quasi-cristal   

A form of solid made up of ordered but non-repeating patterns of atoms, a symmetry that is forbidden for periodic crystals. In an ordinary crystal, only 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-fold symmetries are possible, since these are the only symmetries that, when combined, can fill space. Prior to the discovery of quasicrystals, it was believed that 5-fold crystal symmetry could never occur. Quasicrystals are remarkable in that some of them display 5-fold or higher-fold forbidden symmetries. They are used as catalysts, in particular at high temperatures, to produce durable kinds of steel, like those used in objects such as razor blades and thin needles made specifically for eye surgery. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011 was awarded to Daniel Schechtman for his discovery of quasicrystals in 1982.

quasi-; → crystal.

quasiperiodic motion
  جنبش ِ چونان-دوره‌ای   
jonbeš-e cunân-dowreyi

Fr.: mouvement quasipériodique   

In a dynamical system, a form of motion that is regular but never exactly repeating. Quasiperiodic motion appears when the system contains two or more incommensurate frequencies.

quasi-; → periodic; → motion.

Quaternary period
  دوران ِ چهارم   
dowrân-e cahârom

Fr.: quaternaire   

The last two million years of geologic time, comprising the Pleistocene and Holocene glacial epochs. Estimates of the date of the beginning of the Quaternary vary between 2.5 and 1.6 million years ago.

Quaternary, from L. quaternarius "consisting of four," from quatern(i) "fourt at a time" + -arius "-ary;" → period.

Dowrân, → period; cahârom "fourth," from cahâr "four" + -om "-th."

quench
  ۱) اسراندن؛ ۲، ۳) اسریدن؛ ۳) آب دادن   
1) oserândan 2, 3) oseridan; 3) âb dâdan

Fr.: 1) étouffer, découper, étancher, assécher; 2) s'étouffer; 3) tremper   

1a) To put out or extinguish.
1b) Electronics: To terminate the discharge in a vacuum tube by application of a voltage.
2) To become extinguished.
3) To dip a heated object into a liquid to quickly reduce the temperature.

M.E. quenchen, from O.E. acwencan "to quench," form of root of cwincan "to go out, be extinguished."

Oseridan, oserândan, from Yaghnobi oser- "to cool," Wakhi wəsər-/wəsərt "to fade, wither," related to Pers. sard "cold, cool" (Kurd. sar, Baluchi sârt, Ossetian sald "cold" ), afsordan, afsârdan "to congeal;" Mid.Pers. sard/sart "cold;" Av. sarəta- "cold;" cf. Skt. śiśira- "cold;" L. calidus "warm;" Lith. šaltas "cold;" Welsh clyd "warm;" PIE *keltos- "cool."

quench frequency
  بسامد ِ اسرش   
basâmad-e osereš

Fr.: fréquence de découpage   

The frequency at which an oscillation is intermittently quenched, as in a super-regenerative receiver.

quench; → frequency.

quenched galaxy
  کهکشان ِ اسرانده   
kahkešân-e oserânde

Fr.: galaxie assechée   

A galaxy in which star formation is turned off or suppressed by some physical processes. → star formation quenching.

quench; → quenching; → galaxy.

quenching
  اسرش   
osereš

Fr.: étouffement, découpage, étanchement, assèchement; trempe   

1) The process of extinguishing, removing, or diminishing a physical property.
2) In the dealing with star formation in galaxies, the term quenching has been used with two different meanings. Either to indicate the termination of the star formation activity, or the process of maintaining a galaxy quiescent over its lifetime, despite the fresh fuel produced by stellar evolution and gas inflows. Given the substantially different timescales involved in the two processes, it remains debated whether one single mechanism is responsible for both the onset and the maintenance of quenching (Man and Belli, 2018, arXiv:1809.00722).

Verbal noun, → quench + → -ing.

quiescence
  آرمیدگی   
âramidegi

Fr.: quiescence   

A period during which an eruptive astronomical phenomenon is in a state of inactivity.

quiescent; → -ence.

quiescent
  آرمیده   
âramidé

Fr.: quiescent   

Being at rest; quiet; still; inactive. → quiescent prominence.

From L. quiescens, pr.p. of quiescere, from quies "rest, quiet."

Âramidé "quiescent, reposed, rested," from âramidan "to rest, repose," related to ârâm "quiet" (Mid.Pers. râm "peace," râmenidan "to give peace, pleasure," râmišn "peace, pleasure" (Mod.Pers. râmiš), Av. ram- "to stay, rest;" cf. Skt. ram- "to stop, stand still, rest, become appeased;" Gk. erema "quietly, gently;" Goth. rimis "rest;" Lith. rãmas "rest").

quiescent prominence
  زبانه‌ی ِ آرمیده   
zabâne-ye âramidé

Fr.: protuberance quiescente   

A → solar prominence of relatively cool material that hovers over Sun's surface for weeks or months with relatively little overall change. Such prominences are suspended above the → chromosphere by → magnetic fields. A quiescent prominence may suddenly erupt outward and dissipate, often to be replaced, in the same location, by a new one. See also → eruptive prominence; → loop prominence.

quiescent; → prominence.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>