An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
contribution
  همباژش   
hambâžeš

Fr.: contribution   

1) The act of contributing.
2) Something contributed.

Verbal noun of → contribute.

convection
  همبز، همبرد   
hambaz, hambord (#)

Fr.: convection   

In general, mass motions within a → fluid resulting in transport and mixing of the properties of that fluid when the temperature gradient exceeds some critical value. Convection, along with → conduction and → radiation, is a principal means of → energy transfer. → Schwarzschild's criterion.

From L. convectionem "the act of carrying," from p.p. stem of convehere "to carry together," from → com- "together" + vehere "to carry," cf. Skt. vah- "to carry, lead," vahitra "vehicle," Av. vazaiti "to lead," Mid.Pers. waz-, wazidan "to carry away," Gk. oxos "chariot;" PIE base *wegh- "to go, carry, drive"

Hambaz, from ham- "together" + baz "to carry, move," → evection.
Hambord, from ham- "together," → com- + bord, from bordan "to carry," Mid.Pers. burdan, O.Pers./Av. bar- "to bear, carry," barəθre "to bear (infinitive)," Skt. bharati "he carries," Gk. pherein, L. fero "to carry," PIE base *bher- "to carry."

convection zone
  زنار ِ همبز   
zonâr-e hambaz

Fr.: zone de convection   

Same as → convective zone.

convective
  همبزی   
hambazi

Fr.: convectif   

Of or relating to → convection.

convective cell
  یاخته‌ی ِ همبزی   
yâxte-y hambazi

Fr.: cellule convective   

A body of → fluid which transports energy through the → convection process.

convective; → cell.

convective cloud
  ابر ِ همبزی   
abr-e hambazi

Fr.: nuage convectif   

Meteorology: A cloud that owes its vertical development, and possibly its origin, to convection.

convective; → cloud.

convective core
  مغزه‌ی ِ همبزی   
maqze-ye hambazi

Fr.: cœur convectif   

The central region of a → massive star where → convection prevails due to steep gradient of temperature relative to pressure.

convective; → core.

convective envelope
  پوشه‌ی ِ همبزی   
puše-ye hambazi

Fr.: enveloppe convective   

1) A → convective zone situated beneath the surface of solar type stars.
2) Stellar models show that → massive stars also possess an outer convective envelope encompassing several percent of the stellar radius. Fast rotation amplifies the size of the convective envelope in → OB stars and developes anisotropic convective envelops (Maeder et al. 2008, A&A 479, L37).

convective; → envelope

convective overshooting
  فرازد ِ همبزی   
farâzad-e hambazi

Fr.: dépassement convectif   

In a → massive star, penetration of the upper layers of the → convective core into the → radiative zone due to → turbulence effects. The enlargement of the convective core results in more luminous stars in theoretical models.

convective; → overshooting.

convective vortex
  گردشار ِ همبزی   
gerdšâr-e hambazi

Fr.: tourbillon convectif   

A common feature of the atmosphere that ranges from small-scale → vortices such as → dust devils, to large-scale systems such as → cyclones.

convective; → vortex.

convective zone
  زنار ِ همبزی   
zonâr-e hambazi

Fr.: zone convective   

A zone inside a star in which → convection takes place; the central → core in → massive stars and the zone underneath → photosphere in low mass stars like the Sun. Recent works predict the presence of a thin convection zone in sufficiently massive main sequence stars which originates from the iron opacity and partial helium ionization. See also → iron convection zone.

convective; → zone.

converge
  همگراییدن   
hamgerâyidan (#)

Fr.: converger   

1) General: To tend to meet in a point; incline toward each other.
2) Math: (of an infinite series) to have a finite sum. (of an improper integral) to have a finite value.

From L.L. convergere "to incline together" from → com- "together" + vergere "to bend."

Hamgerâyidan, from ham- "together," → com- + gerâyidan "to incline toward, verge on; to intend," Mid.Pers. grayidan "to lean, incline; to intend, desire," → diverge.

convergence
  همگرایی   
hamgerâyi (#)

Fr.: convergence   

1) General: Act or state of converging.
2) Math: The property of a → sequence or → series which ensures that it will approach a definite → finite limit. See also: → divergence.

From converg-, from → convergent + -ence, equivalent to → -ance.

Hamgerâyi, verbal noun from hamgerâyidan, → converge.

convergent
  همگرا   
hamgerâ (#)

Fr.: convergent   

Coming together, as a light beam after passing through a convex lens which brings the beam into the focus.

Verbal ddj. from → converge.

converging mirror
  آینه‌ی ِ همگرا   
âyene-ye hamgerâ (#)

Fr.: miroir convergent   

A concave mirror that reflects a parallel beam into a convergent beam.

From → converge + → -ing; → mirror.

conversion
  هاگرد   
hâgard

Fr.: conversion   

The act or process of converting; state of being converted. → convert.

Verbal noun of → convert.

Hâgard, from hâ- prefix denoting "reversal; to," sometimes creating nuance [Dehxodâ], + gard present stem of gardidan, gaštan "to change; to turn;" Mid.Pers. vartitan; Av. varət- "to turn, revolve;" cf. Skt. vrt- "to turn, roll," vartate "it turns round, rolls;" L. vertere "to turn;" O.H.G. werden "to become;" PIE base *wer- "to turn, bend."

conversion factor
  کروند ِ هاگرد   
karvand-e hâgard

Fr.: facteur de conversion   

1) A numerical factor that, by multiplication or division, translates one unit or value into another.
2) In → molecular cloud studies, a factor used to convert the → carbon monoxide (CO) line intensity to → molecular hydrogen (H2) → column density; usually denoted XCO = I(CO) / N(H2). This useful factor relates the observed CO intensity to the cloud mass. A general method to derive XCO is to compare the → virial mass and the 12CO (J = 1-0) luminosity of a cloud. The basic assumptions are that the CO and H2 clouds are co-extensive, and molecular clouds obey the → virial theorem. However, if the molecular cloud is subject to ultraviolet radiation, selective → photodissociation may take place, which will change the situation. Moreover, molecular clouds may not be in → virial equilibrium. To be in virial equilibrium molecular clouds must have enough mass, greater than about 105 solar masses. The way → metallicity affects XCO is a matter of debate, and there is no clear correlation between XCO and metallicity. Although lower metallicity brings about higher ultraviolet fields than in the solar vicinity, other factors appear to be as important as metallicity for the determination of XCO. In the case of the → Magellanic Clouds, XCO(SMC) = 14 ± 3 × 1020 cm-2 (K km s-1)-1, which is larger than XCO (LMC) = 7 ± 2 × 1020 cm-2 (K km s-1)-1. An independent method to derive XCO is to make use of the gamma ray emission from a cloud. The flow of → cosmic ray protons interacts with interstellar low-energy hydrogen nuclei in clouds creating neutral → pions. These pions quickly decay into two gamma rays. It is therefore possible to estimate the number of hydrogen nuclei and hence the cloud mass from the gamma ray counts. Such a gamma-ray based conversion factor is estimated to be 2.0 × 1020 cm-2 (K km s-1)-1 for Galactic clouds, in good agreement with the result obtained from the virial method. However, the gamma ray flux is not well known in general, so this method is uncertain as well. See, e.g., Fukui & Kawamura, 2010 (ARAA 48, 547).

conversion; → factor.

convert
  هاگرد کردن   
hâgard kardan

Fr.: convertir   

1) To change units of one measuring or calculating system into units of another.
2) To transform from one material or state to another.

M.E. converten, O.Fr. convertir, from L. convertere "to turn around, transform," from → com- "together" + vertere "to turn;" cognate with Mod.Pers. gardidan "to change, to turn," → conversion.

Compound verb from hâgard, → conversion, + kardan "to do, to make," → -ize.

converter
  هاگردگر   
hâgardgar

Fr.: convertisseur   

A device that receives data in one form and converts it to another. → analog-to-digital converter.

convert; → -er.

convex
  کوژ   
kuž (#)

Fr.: convexe   

Having a surface that is curved or rounded outward.

From M.Fr. convexe, from L. convexus "vaulted, arched," p.p. of convehere "to bring together," from → com- "together" + vehere "to bring" (cf. Skt. vah- "to carry, lead," vahitra "vehicle," Av. vazaiti "to lead," Mid.Pers. waz-, wazidan "to carry away," Gk. oxos "chariot," PIE base *wegh- "to go, carry, drive").

Kuž "humped," Mid.Pers. kôf "hill, mountain; hump" (Mod.Pers. kuh, "mountain"), kôfik "humpbacked," O.Pers. kaufa-, Av. kaofa- "mountain."

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>