An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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count
  ۱) شماردن؛ ۲) شمار   
1) šomârdan (#); 2) šomâr (#)

Fr.: 1) compter; 2) coup   

1) (v.) To enumerate; reckon up; calculate; compute.
2) (n.) A single ionizing event registered by a device such as a → Geiger counter.
The indication of the total number of ionizing events registered by a device.

From O.Fr. conter "add up," from L. computare, → compute.

Šomârdan, from Mid.Pers. ôšmârtan, ôšmurtan "to reckon, calculate, enumerate, account for," from Av. base (š)mar- "to have in mind, remember, recall," pati-šmar- "to recall; to long for," hišmar-, cf. Skt. smar- "to remember, become aware," smarati "he remembers," L. memor, memoria, Gk. mermera "care," merimna "anxious thought, sorrow," martyr "witness."

countdown
  فروشمارش   
forušomâreš

Fr.: compte à rebours   

1) The backward counting in fixed time units from the initiation of a project, as a rocket launching, with the moment of firing designated as zero.
2) The final preparations made during this period (Dictionary.com).

count; → down.

counter
  شمارگر   
šomârgar (#)

Fr.: compteur   

Generally,a device for indicating a number or amount.
Any of various instruments for detecting ionizing radiation and for registering counts. → Geiger counter.

M.E. countour, from O.Fr. conteor, from L. computator, from computa(re) "to compute" + → -tor suffix forming personal agent nouns mainly from verbs.

Šomârgar, from šomâr present tense stem of šomârdan "to count," → count + agent suffix -gar.

counter-
  پاد-   
pâd- (#)

Fr.: contre-   

A prefix used with the meanings "against, contrary, opposite." → contra-.

M.E. countre-, from O.Fr. contre-, from L. contra "opposite, against;" PIE base *kom- "beside, near, by, with."

Pâd- "contrary to; against; opposing," variants pâ- (pâsox, pâzahr, pâhang, → response), paž- (pažvâk, → echo, pažâvand "the bar of a door or a gate, door lock"), baž- (bažkam, → forbidden), pat- (patvâz, → correspond), pa- (panâh, padid), from Mid.Pers. pât-, from O.Pers. paity "agaist, back, opposite to, toward, face to face, in front of," Av. paiti, akin to Skt. práti "toward, against, again, back, in return, opposite," Pali pati-, Gk. proti, pros "face to face with, toward, in addition to, near;" PIE *proti.

counterbalance
  پاتراز   
pâtarâz

Fr.: contrebalance   

An equal weight, power, or influence acting in opposition.

counter-; → balance.

counterclockwise
  پادساعت‌سو   
pâdsâ'atsu (#)

Fr.: en sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre   

In a direction opposite to the rotating hands of a clock.

From counter- "contrary; opposite; opposing," + → clockwise.

Pâdsâ'atsu, from pâd-, → counter-, + sâ'atsu, → clockwise.

counterexample
  پادنمونه   
pâdnemuné

Fr.: contre-exemple   

Logic: An individual case or instance that falsifies a universal generalization. A counterexample to an → argument is a situation in which the → premises are → true, but the → conclusion is → false. For example, "All dogs are mammals" (true). "All cats are mammals" (true). "Therefore, all cats are dogs." (false).

counter-; → example.

counterflow
  پادتچان   
pâdtacân

Fr.: contreflot   

The movement of a fluid in the opposite direction to a fluid flowing in the same cross section of a turbulent medium.

counter-; → flow.

counterglow
  پادفروغ   
pâdforuq

Fr.: gegenschein   

Same as → gegenschein.

counterpart
  همتا   
hamtâ (#)

Fr.: contrpartie   

A person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another person or thing in a different place or situation (OxfordDictionaries.com).
electromagnetic counterpart, → optical counterpart, → radio counterpart.

M.E., from O.Fr. contrepartie, from contre "facing, opposite," → counter-, + partie "copy of a person or thing," originally feminine p.p. of partir "to divide."

Hamtâ "counterpart, resembling, equal," from ham- "together, with; same, equally, even," → com-, + "fold, plait, ply; piece, part," also a multiplicative suffix; Mid.Pers. tâg "piece, part."

counterweight
  پارسنگ   
pârsang (#)

Fr.: contrepoids   

A weight that balances another weight.

counter-; → weight.

Pârsang "a make-weight," from pâr-, a variant of pâd-, → counter-, + sang a variant of sanj, sanjidan "to measure; compare, put in balance," → object; alternatively, pârsang "a piece of stone," from pâr, short for pâré "piece, part," + sang, → stone, meaning "weight."

country
  ۱) کشور؛ ۲) روستا   
1) kešvar (#); 2) rustâ (#)

Fr.: pays   

1) A nation or state; the territory of a nation or state.
2) An area or expanse outside large urban areas; the countryside; rural area.

M.E. contre, contree, from O.Fr. contree, from V.L. (terra) contrata "(land) lying opposite," or "(land) spread before)," derived from L. contra "against, opposite," → contra-.

1) Kešvar "country; clime;" Mid.Pers. kišwar "region, clime, continent;" Av. karšvar-, from karš- "to furrow," karšu- "tilled ground."
2) Rustâ, → countryside.

countryside
  روستا   
rustâ (#)

Fr.: campagne   

A rural area; he inhabitants of a countryside.

country; → side.

Rustâ, from Mid.Pers. rôstâk, rôtastâk "village, district, river-bed;" loaned into Armenian rotstak, ərotastak "district."

couple
  ۱) جفت، ۲) جفت‌نیرو؛ ۳) جفتیدن، جفسر کردن   
1) joft (#), 2) joftniru (#); 3) joftidan (#), jafsar kardan

Fr.: 1, 2) couple; 3) coupler   

1) General: Two items of the same kind; a pair; something that joins or connects two things together; a link.
2) A system of two equal and opposite, parallel, but not → collinear forces acting upon a body.
3) To fasten, join together; connect. See also → coupled, → coupled system, → charge-coupled device, → coupling, → decouple, → galvanic couple, → Nasireddin couple, → pair; → parity, → thermocouple.

1) joft "pair, couple," Lori, Laki jeft, Qâyeni jof, Tabari jeft, Mid.Pers. yuxt "pair, couple," Av. yuxta- "a team of horses," from yaog- "to yoke, harness, put to; to join, unite," infinitive yuxta, Mid.Pers. jug, ayoxtan "to join, yoke," Mod.Pers. yuq "yoke," cf. Skt. yugam "yoke," Gk. zygon "yoke," zeugnyanai "to join, unite," L. jugare "to join," from jugum "yoke," P.Gmc. *yukam, E. yoke; PIE *yeug- "to join."
2) joftniru, from joft as above + niru, → force.
3) Joftidan, infinitive from joft, → couple; jafsar kardan infinitive from jafsar, → coupled, + kardan "to do, to make."

coupled
  جفسر، جفتیده   
jafsar, joftidé

Fr.: couplé   

Joined together, connected by a link. → coupled system, → charge-coupled device.

Adj. from → couple.

Jafsar "connected, joined pair," in Tâleši, from jaf, variant of joft, as above + sar "head," literally "joined by head" (Mid.Pers. sar, Av. sarah- "head," Skt. siras- "head," Gk. kara "head," keras "horn," Mod.Pers. sarun "horn," L. cerebrum "brain;" PIE *ker- "head, horn"); joftidé adj./p.p. from joftidan, → couple.

coupled systems
  راژمان‌های ِ جفسر، ~ جفتیده   
râžmânhâ-ye jafsar, ~ joftidé

Fr.: systèmes couplés   

A set of two or more mechanical vibrating systems connected so that they interact with one another.

coupled; → system;

coupling
  جفسری، جفتش   
jafsari, jofteš

Fr.: couplage   

The act of linking together or forming couples; a connection between two things so they move together.
The quality of coupled systems or the way they are coupled.

Noun from → couple; → -ing.

coupling coefficient
  همگر ِ جفسری   
hamgar-e jafsari

Fr.: coefficient de couplage   

A parameter that indicates the strength of the interaction between two systems.

coupling; → coefficient.

coupling constant
  پایای ِ جفسری   
pâyâ-ye jafsari

Fr.: constante de couplage   

In nuclear physics, a constant that indicates a measure of how strongly two particles interact.

coupling; → constant.

courage
  پردلی، دلیری، درش   
pordeli (#), deliri (#), darš

Fr.: courage   

The quality of mind or spirit that enables a person to face difficulty, danger, pain, etc.

M.E. corage, from O.Fr., derivative of cœur "heart," from L. cor, cognate with Pers. del and E. → heart

Pordeli, deliri, from pordel, delir, → courageous.
Darš, → dare.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>