An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
event horizon
  افق ِ رویداد   
ofoq-e ruydâd (#)

Fr.: horizon d'événement   

1) The surface surrounding a → black hole with the property that any light ray emitted inside it cannot escape to the outer space because of the strength of the → gravitational field. The radius of the event horizon is called the → Schwarzschild radius. See also → photon sphere.
2) For an observer A at the instant t0, the surface in the → space-time that divides the collection of all events into two non-empty classes: those events that have been, are being, or will be observed by A, and those that A has never observed and will never be able to observe (J. Plebanski, A. Krasinski, 2006, An Introduction to General Relativity and Cosmology, Cambridge Univ. Press).

event; → horizon.

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)
  تلسکوپ ِ افق ِ رویداد   
Teleskop-e Ofoq-e Ruydâd

Fr.: Télescope de l'horizon des évènements   

An international collaboration using a → very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) array comprising millimeter- and → submillimeter- wavelength telescopes separated by distances comparable to the diameter of the Earth. At a nominal operating wavelength of ~1.3 mm, the EHT → angular resolution (λ/D) is ~25 μas (→ micro- → arcseconds), which is sufficient to resolve nearby → supermassive black hole candidates on spatial and temporal scales that correspond to their → event horizons. EHT observations toward the elliptical → galaxy M87 succeeded in obtaining the first ever image of its supermassive black hole (EHT Collaboration, 2019, ApJL 875, L1-L6). The telescopes contributing to this result were ALMA, APEX, the IRAM 30-m telescope, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, the Large Millimeter Telescope Alfonso Serrano, the Submillimeter Array, the Submillimeter Telescope, and the South Pole Telescope. Petabytes of raw data from the telescopes were combined by highly specialized supercomputers hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy and MIT Haystack Observatory. The construction of the EHT and the M87 black hole observation result from decades of observational, technical, and theoretical work in close collaboration by researchers from around the world. Thirteen partner institutions worked together to create the EHT, using both pre-existing infrastructure and support from a variety of agencies. Key funding was provided by the US National Science Foundation (NSF), the EU's European Research Council (ERC), and funding agencies in East Asia.

event; → horizon; → telescope.

ever-expanding Universe
  گیتی ِ هماره‌سپانا   
giti-ye hamâré sopânâ

Fr.: Univers en expansion continue   

Same as → accelerating Universe.

expand; → Universe.

evidence
  آویشه   
âvišé

Fr.: évidence, preuve   

That which tends to prove or disprove something; something that makes plain or clear.

Noun form of → evident.

Âvišé, from âviš, → evident + noun suffix , Mid.Pers. -ak/-ag.

evident
  آویش   
âviš

Fr.: évident   

Plain or clear to the sight or understanding.

From L. evidentem (nom. evidens) "perceptible, obvious," from → ex- "fully, out of" + videntem (nom. videns), pr.p. of videre "to see," from PIE base *weid- "to know, to see;" cf. Mod.Pers. bin- "to see" (present stem of didan); Mid.Pers. wyn-; O.Pers. vain- "to see;" Av. vaēn- "to see;" Skt. veda "I know;" Gk. oida "I know," idein "to see;" O.E. witan "to know;" Goth. weitan "to see;" E. wise; Ger. wissen "to know;" Lith. vysti "to see;" Rus. videt' "to see," vest' "news."

Âviš, from Av. āviš, āuuiš "evidently, before the eyes," āuuišiia- "manifest;" Mid.Pers. âškârâg "manifest;" Mod.Pers. âškâr (Proto-Iranian *āuiš-kâr); Arm. loanword from Iranian aškaray "open, not hidden;" cf. Skt. āvis "evidently, before the eyes;" O.C.S. (j)avé "manifest, known" (loanword from Iranian); L. audire "to hear;" Gk. aisthanesthai "to feel."

evocation
  زاوچ   
zâvac

Fr.: évocation   

The act or fact of evoking.

Verbal noun of → evoke.

evoke
  زاوچیدن   
zâvacidan

Fr.: évoquer   

1) To call up or produce (memories, feelings, etc.).
2) To elicit or draw forth (Dictionary.com).

From Fr. évoquer or directly from L. evocare "call out, rouse, summon," from → ex- "out" + vocare "to call," → voice .

Zâvacidan, from zâ-, → ex-, + vacidan "to call," → convoke.

evolution
  فرگشت   
fargašt (#)

Fr.: évolution   

Any process of formation or growth; development; a process of gradual, progressive change; a product of such development; something evolved.
Astro.: A continuous and progressive change according to certain laws and by means of acting physical forces.
Biology: A process of development in which a living organism, through major environmental changes, becomes more and more complex by the differentiation of its parts.

Verbal noun of → evolve.

evolutionary
  فرگشتی   
fargašti (#)

Fr.: évolutif   

Of, pertaining to, or in accordance with a theory of evolution.

Adjective of → evolution.

evolutionary mass
  جرم ِ فرگشتی   
jerm-e fargašti (#)

Fr.: masse évolutive   

The stellar mass based on → effective temperature and → luminosity, as derived from → evolutionary tracks.

evolutionary; → mass.

evolutionary model
  مدل ِ فرگشت   
model-e fargašt (#)

Fr.: modèle d'évolution   

A model, based on theoretical calculations, which predicts the behavior of an astronomical entity (stars, galaxies, Universe) over time.

evolutionary; → model.

evolutionary stage
  گامه‌ی ِ فرگشت   
gâmeye fargašt

Fr.: étape d'évolution   

A particular step or phase in the evolution of an astronomical object.

evolutionary; → stage.

evolutionary time scale
  زمان-مرپل ِ فرگشت   
zamân-marpel-e fargašt

Fr.: échelle de temps d'évolution   

The characteristic time it takes an evolving astronomical object to pass from a step to another.

evolutionary; → time scale.

evolutionary track
  تر ِ فرگشت   
tor-e fargašt

Fr.: trajet évolutif   

In a theoretical → Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, the path taken by an evolving star.

evolutionary; → track.

evolve
  فرگشتن، فرگشت کردن   
fargaštan (#), fargašt kardan (#)

Fr.: évoluer   

To come forth gradually into being; undergo evolution.
Astro.: To change with time by the action of varying physical conditions.
Biology: To develop by a process of evolution to a different adaptive state or condition.

L. evolvere "to unroll, open, unfold," from → ex- "out" + volvere "to roll, turn, twist;" PIE base *wel- "to turn, revolve;" cf. Skt. valate "turns round;" Gk. eilein "to turn, squeeze," helix "spiral object;" O.H.G. walzan "to roll, waltz;" Lith. valtis "twine, net," apvalus "round;" O.E. wealwian "to roll (in mud);" Welsh olwyn "wheel."

Fargaštan, fargašt kardan, from fargašt, from far- "forward" (Mid.Pers. fra- "forward, before; much; around;" O.Pers. fra- "forward, forth;" Av. frā, fərā-, fra- "forward, forth; excessive;" cf. Skt. prá- "before; forward, in fron;" Gk. pro "before, in front of;" L. pro "on behalf of, in place of, before, for;" PIE *pro-) + gašt, present stem of gaštan, gardidan "to change; to turn" (Mid.Pers. vartitan; Av. varət- "to turn, revolve;" cf. Skt. vartati; L. vertere; O.H.G. werden "to become;" PIE *werto, *wer-).

evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA)
  الیزا   
eLISA

Fr.: eLISA   

A space project, initially → LISA, consisting of a configuration of three satellites, aimed to detect low frequency → gravitational waves that cannot be measured by ground-based detectors. The detection range will be from about 0.1 milliHz to 1 Hz. One "mother" and two "daughter" spacecrafts will be brought into an orbit around the Sun, which is similar to the Earth's orbit. The satellites will fly in a near-equilateral triangle formation, with a constant distance of one million km between, following the Earth along its orbit at a distance of around 50 million km. The mother spacecrafts carries two and each of the daughter spacecraft carry one free-flying → test masses that will be kept as far as possible free of external disturbances. The mutual distances of the test masses from satellite to satellite will be measured by means of high-precision, → Michelson-like laser → interferometry. In this way, the extremely small distance variations between the test masses of two satellites can be detected which are caused by the passages of a gravitational waves. The required measurement accuracy of the distances amounts to typically 1/100 of the diameter of a hydrogen atom (10-12 m) at a distance of two million km.

evolve; → laser; → interferometer; → space; → antenna.

evolved star
  ستاره‌ی ِ فرگشته   
setâreye fargašté

Fr.: étoile évoluée   

A star that has left the → main sequence.

evolve; → star.

ewe
  میش   
miš (#)

Fr.: brebis   

A female sheep, especially when fully mature.

M.E.; O.E. eowu, ewe "female sheep;" cognate with O.H.G. ou, ouwi, Du. ooi, L. ovis, Gk. ois, ois, Skt. avi; PIE *owi- "sheep."

Miš, from Mid.Pers. mêš "sheep, ewe;" Av. maeša- "sheep, ewe;" cf. Skt. mesa-, mesi "sheep, ewe."

EX Lupi
   EX گرگ   
EX Gorg

Fr.: EX Lupi   

A classical → T Tauri star, and the EXor prototype, subject to sporadic outbursts. It remains at about V = 13.2 mag for extended periods to brighten to as much as V = 8.4 mag (1955-1956). When EX Lupi is at minimum, it resembles a classical T Tauri star of type M0. At outburst this spectrum is veiled by a hot continuum, the equivalent widths of the optical-region emission lines decrease, and reverse P Cygni absorption components appear at the higher Balmer lines. The outbursts are believed to be due to episodic infall onto the M0 star. → FU Orionis objects.

E and X, letters of alphabet; Lupi, genitive of → Lupus.

ex-
  اس-، زُ-، سُ-، برون-   
os-, zo-, so-, borun- (#)

Fr.: ex-   

Prefix meaning "out of, outside; from," but also "upwards, completely, deprive of, without."

From M.E., from O.Fr., from L. ex- "out of, from," akin to Gk. ex, ek "out of;" Av. uz-, us-, see below; from PIE base *eghs "out" (cf. Gaul. ex-; O.Ir. ess-; O.C.S. izu; Rus. iz).

Pers. os- (variants zo-, so-), from Mid.Pers. us-, uz-; Av. uz-, us- "out of, outside, from;" O.Pers. ud- (ud-apatatā "to rise up, rebel"), also Pers. preposition az "from; of; out of," prefixes zo- (in zodudan "to polish, clean;" Mid.Pers. uzdâtan; Av. uzdā-, from uz- + dā- "to make, create"), âz- (âzmâyeš, → experiment), haz- (haziné "cost, expenditure;" Mid.Pers. uzên, uzênak, from *uz-ayana- "going out;" Av. us- + ay- "to go," → assembly), es- (eskane "chisel"); PIE *ud- "up, out," cf. Skt. úd "up, away, out;" O.E. ūt "out;" E. out; O.H.G. ūz "out;" Ger. aus; Russ. vy- "out."
Borun "out, the outside" (Mid.Pers. bêron, from "outside, out, away" + rôn "side, direction;" Av. ravan- "(course of a) river").

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>