An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

For a → triangle with two sides extended in the direction opposite their common → vertex, a circle that lies outside the triangle and is tangent to the three sides (two of them extended). The center of the excircle, called the → excenter, is the point of intersection of the bisector of the interior angle and the bisector of the exterior angles at the other two vertices.

→ ex-; → circle.

To cut out or off; to remove

M.E., from M.Fr. exciser, from L. excisus, p.p. of excidere "cut out, cut down, cut off," from → ex- + caedere "to cut," → precise.

Osunidan, from os-, → ex- + sun "cut," → precise.

The act of removal; an excising. The surgical removal of a foreign body or of tissue.

Verbal noun of → excise.

1) The addition of → energy to an → atomic or → molecular system, → transferring it from its → ground state to an → excited state.
2) A property of an → emission nebula usually expressed by the ratio [O III] 5007Å/Hβ.

Verbal noun of → excite; → -tion.

Amount of energy (usually measured in → electron-volts) required to bring an electron from its → ground state to a given → excited state.

→ excitation; → energy.

In quantum mechanics, the energy that is necessary to change a system from a → ground state to a given → excited state; also called excitation energy.

→ excitation; → potential.

Of a gas or plasma, the temperature deduced from the → populations of atomic → excited states, as expressed by the Boltzmann formula: N_u/N_l = (g_u/g_l) exp (-ΔE/kT_ex), where N_u and N_l are the upper level and lower level populations respectively, g_u and g_l the statistical weights, ΔE = hν the energy difference between the states, k is → Boltzmann's constant, and h→ Planck's constant. The higher the energy of the occupied states, the higher the excitation temperature.

→ excitation; → temperature.

Verb of → excitation.

From L. excitare "to rouse, produce," freq. of exciere "to call forth, instigate," from → ex- "out" + ciere "to move, set in motion;" PIE base *kei- "to move to and fro" (cf. Av. šiyav-, š(ii)auu- "to move, go," šiyavati "goes," šyaoθna- "activity; action; doing, working;" O.Pers. šiyav- "to go forth, set," ašiyavam "I set forth;" Mod.Pers. šodan, šow- "to go; to become;" cf. Skt. cyu- "to move to and fro, shake about; to stir," cyávate "stirs himself, goes;" Gk. seuo "I start quickly after," kinein "to move;" Goth. haitan "call, be called;" O.E. hatan "command, call").

Barangixtan, from intensive prefix bar- "on, upon, up," → on-, + angixtan, angizidan "to excite, stimulate," from Mid.Pers. hangêxtan, hangêz- "to arouse, stimulate, stir up," from Proto-Iranian *hamgaiz-, from ham-, → com-, + *gaiz- "to disturb, stir, excite." The Mod.Pers. gij, giž "confused, astonished, dizzy" is from this stem (Cheung 2007).

An atom in which one or more of its bound electrons are at → energy levels higher than their normal level.

Excited p.p. of → excite; → atom.

The condition of a particle or system of particles (especially an atom, nucleus, molecule) after absorbing energy from outside and transiting to a higher → energy level than that of its → ground state. Excited states are transitory as they lose energy through emissions or collisions and return to ground state.

Excited, p.p. of → excite; → state.

A star associated with an interstellar ionized nebula (→ H II region or → planetary nebula) whose energetic → ultraviolet, → photons → ionize the nebula.

Exciting, verbal adj. of → excite; → star.

To shut or keep out; to hinder from being included, considered, or accepted. → exclusion.

From L. excludere "to keep out, shut out, hinder," from → ex- "out" + claudere "to close, shut," → include.

Sokolândan, from so-, variant os-, → ex-, + kolândan "to shut," → include.

An act or instance of excluding; the state of being excluded.

Verbal noun of → exclude.

In → quantum mechanics, the principle according to which no → two → fermions of the same kind may simultaneously → occupy the same → quantum state. Also known as → Pauli exclusion principle.

→ exclusion; → principle.

Excluding or having power to exclude; excluding all else; rejecting other considerations, possibilities, etc.

Adj. from → exclude.

A process in which an astronomical body loses mass mainly in the direction of its → equatorial regions, as opposed to → accretion.

From L. → ex- + crescere "to grow," → accretion.

An expanding → equatorial → disk or → torus of material ejected by a star. The phenomenon may result from a stellar → merger or an increase in its rate of → rotation or → stellar winds. Contrasted with → accretion disk.

→ excretion; → disk.

1) A short trip or outing to some place, usually for a special purpose and with the intention of a prompt return.
2) Physics: The displacement of a body or a point from a mean position or neutral value, as in an oscillation (Dictionary.com). → geomagnetic excursion.

From L. excursion- "a running forth, expedition," figuratively "an outset, opening," from excurrere "to run out," from → ex- "out" + currere "to run," → current.

Zocâr, literally "wander out, " from zo- "out," → ex-, + câr "to come and go, wander," related to car-, caridan "to psature, graze;" (Karingân) cârumé "excursion, walking around," (Sorxé) câqâle, (Sangesar, Semnân) ceqala "excursion;" Av. car- "to come and go, wander;" cf. Skt. car- "to move, walk, go;" Gk. pelomai "I move;" L. colere "to till, cultivate;" PIE root *k^welH- "to move, turn, wander."

1) Computers: Describing a computer program that is able to be run. → executable program.
2) Computer: A file containing a program that will run when it is opened. → executable file.

→ execute; → -able.

A type of binary file designed to be directly executed by a computer system. → executable program.

→ executable; → file.