An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
Fanaroff-Riley Class II (FR-II)
  رده‌ی ِ فاناروف-رایلی II   
radeh-ye Fanarof-Riley II

Fr.: Fanaroff-Riley de type II   

In the → Fanaroff-Riley classification, → radio sources with hotspots in their lobes at distances from the center which are such that RFR > 0.5. The → radio jets in FR-II sources are expected to be highly → supersonic, allowing them to travel large distances.

Fanaroff-Riley classification; → class.

Fanaroff-Riley classification
  رده‌بندی ِ فاناروف-رایلی   
radebandi-ye Fanaroff-Riley

Fr.: classification Fanaroff-Riley   

A classification scheme for distinguishing a → radio galaxy from an → active galaxy based on their → radio frequency  and → luminosity and their kpc-scale appearance. Analyzing a sample of 57 radio galaxies from the → 3CR catalogue, which were clearly resolved at 1.4 GHz or 5 GHz, Fanaroff & Riley (1974) discovered that the relative positions of regions of high and low → surface brightness in the → lobes of extragalactic → radio sources are correlated with their radio luminosity. They divided the sample into two classes using the ratio RFR of the distance between the regions of highest surface brightness on opposite sides of the central galaxy or quasar, to the total extent of the source up to the lowest brightness contour in the map. → Fanaroff-Riley Class I (FR-I) , → Fanaroff-Riley Class II (FR-II). The boundary between the two classes is not very sharp, and there is some overlap in the luminosities of sources classified as FR-I or FR-II on the basis of their structures. The physical cause of the FR-I/II dichotomy probably lies in the type of flow in the → radio jets.

Bernard L. Fanaroff and Julia M. Riley, 1974, MNRAS 167, 31P; → classification.

far
  دور   
dur (#)

Fr.: loin, lointain   

Being at a great distance; remote in time or place.

O.E. feorr "to a great distance, long ago," from P.Gmc. *ferro (cf. Du. ver, Ger. fern), from PIE *per- "through, across, beyond" (cf. O.Pers. para "on the other side (of);" Av. parə "beyond, more than, superior," parô "except," pərətu- "crossing, bridge;" Mod.Pers. pol "bridge;" Skt. parás "far, further, beyond," Gk. pera "across, beyond," L. per "through").

Dur, from Mid.Pers. dūr "far, distant, remote;" O.Pers. dūra- "far (in time or space)," dūraiy "afar, far away, far and wide;" Av. dūra-, dūirē "far," from dav- "to move away;" cf. Skt. dūrá- "far; distance (in space and time);" PIE base *deu- "to move forward, pass;" cf. Gk. den "for a long time," deros "lasting long."

far infrared
  فروسرخ ِ دور   
forusorx-e dur (#)

Fr.: infrarouge lointain   

Infrared radiation in the wavelength range (25-40) to (200-350) microns emitted by cold molecular/dust clouds.

far; → infrared.

far ultraviolet (FUV)
  فرابنفش ِ دور   
farâbanafš-e dur (#)

Fr.: ultraviolet lointain   

Ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength range 912-2000 Å. See also → extreme ultraviolet.

far; → ultraviolet.

far-infrared
  فروسرخ ِ دور   
forusorx-e dur (#)

Fr.: infrarouge lointain   

The portion of the → electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range between about 30 and 300 → microns. See also: → infrared radiation, → near-infrared, → mid-infrared, → submillimeter radiation.

far; → infrared.

farad
  فاراد   
farad (#)

Fr.: farad   

The → SI unit of → capacitance, defined as the capacitance of a conductor whose → potential increases by one → volt when a charge of 1 → coulomb is imparted to it; symbol F.

Named after the British physicist Michael Faraday (1791-1867), who made several major contributions to the fields of electricity and magnetism.

Faraday cage
  قفس ِ فارادی   
qafas-e Faraday

Fr.: cage de Faraday   

An enclosure made of conducting material, such as wire mesh or metal plates, that shields what it contains from external electric fields. According to → Gauss's theorem, the electric field inside a hollow conductor is nil. In order to demonstrate this, Faraday, in 1836, made a large box covered with wire mesh, and went inside it himself with an → electroscope. Powerful charges were applied to the outside of the box, but he detected no effect inside the cage.

farad; → cage.

Faraday effect
  اسکر ِ فارادی   
oskar-e Faraday

Fr.: effet Faraday   

Same as → Faraday rotation.

farad; → effect.

Faraday rotation
  چرخش ِ فارادی   
carxeš-e Faraday (#)

Fr.: rotation Faraday   

The rotation of the plane of → polarization experienced by a beam of → linearly polarized radiation when the radiation passes through a material containing a magnetic field with a component in the direction of propagation. This effect occurs in → H II regions in which a magnetic field causes a change in the polarized waves passing through. Same as → Faraday effect.

farad; → rotation.

Faraday's law of induction
  قانون ِ درهازش ِ فارادی   
qânun-e darhazeš-e Faraday

Fr.: loi d'induction de Faraday   

The induced → electromotive force in a circuit is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the rate of change of the → magnetic flux through the surface bounded by the circuit. Mathematically, it is expressed as: ∇ x E = -∂B/∂t, which is one of the four → Maxwell's equations.

farad; → law; → induction.

farm
  کشتزار   
keštzâr (#)

Fr.: ferme   

An area of land devoted to the raising of animals, fish, plants, etc.

M.E. ferme "lease, rented land, rent," from O.Fr., from Vulgar L. *ferma, derivative of *fermare for L. firmare "to make firm, confirm."

Keštzâr "farm, field," from kešt past stem of keštan, variants kâštan, kâridan "to cultivate, to plant;" Mid.Pers. kištan, kâridan "to sow, plant; to make furrows;" Av. kar- "to strew seed, cultivate," kāraiieiti "cultivates;" cf. Skt. kar- "to scatter, strew, pour out," + suffix -zâr denoting profusion, abundance, as in kârzâr "a field of battle; combat" šurezâr "unfertile, salty ground; nitrous earth," xoškzâr "arid land," and so forth.

fast
  تند   
tond (#)

Fr.: rapide   

Moving or able to move, operate, function, or take effect quickly; quick; swift; rapid (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from O.E. fæst "firmly fixed, steadfast;" O.Fr. fest, O.N. fastr, Du. vast, Ger. fest.

Tond "swift, rapid, brisk; fierce, severe," → velocity.

fast radio burst (FRB)
  بلک ِ رادیویی ِ تند   
belk-e râdioyi-ye tond

Fr.: sursaut radio rapide, impulsion ~ ~   

A bright → burst of → radio emission lasting only a few milliseconds, and thought to be of → extragalactic origin. The first ever detected such burst, called the → Lorimer burst, was in 2007. It lasted only 5 milliseconds, but the single radio → pulse was dispersed over a wide range of frequencies (→ dispersion measure). This suggested a → cosmic origin for the burst, because the radiation must have passed through very distant → intergalactic clouds to be so highly dispersed. The second FRB was detected in 2012 in archival data from the Parkes Radio Telescope, the same telescope through which the original burst was seen. No temporally coincident → X-ray or → gamma ray signature was identified in association with the bursts. Most recent results suggest FRBs as a new population of explosive events at cosmological distances of up to 3 → giga  → parsecs, that is → redshifts of 0.5 to 1. While physical interpretations for this phenomenon remain speculative, they are thought to involve highly → compact objects, such as → neutron stars. See also → blitzar.

The term fast radio burst was coined by Thornton et al., 2013, Science, 341, 53 (arXiv:1307.1628); → fast; → radio; → burst.

fasten
  دریزیدن   
darizidan

Fr.: attacher   

1) To attach firmly or securely in place; fix securely to something else.
2) To make secure, as an article of dress with buttons, clasps, etc., or a door with a lock, bolt, etc. (Dictionary.com).

From M.E. fastenen, from O.E. fæstnian; cognate with O.Fris. festnia "to make firm, bind fast," O.Sax. fastnon, O.H.G. fastnion, O.N. fastna "to pledge, betroth."

Darizidan, from Proto-Ir. *darz- "to attach, fasten;" cf. Av. darəz- "to attach;" Mid.Pers. handarz "advice, order, command," drz- "to fasten;" Mod.Pers. andarz "advice; testament," darzan "needle," darzi "tailor," razé (with elimination of the initial phoneme) "a ring or staple used to fasten a door," padarzé "a wrapper in which clothes are folded up;" cf. Skt. drah- "to fix, make firm;" Gk. drassomai "I take hold of, grasp;" Russ. deržat' "to hold, keep" (Cheung 2007).

father
  پدر   
pedar (#)

Fr.: père   

A male → parent.

M.E. fader, from O.E. fæder "father, male ancestor;" cf. O.S. fadar, Du. vader, O.N. faðir, O.H.G. fater, Ger. Vater; PIE *pəter-; cognate with Pers. pedar, as below.

Pedar, from Mid.Pers. pidar, variant pid "father;" O.Pers. pitā- "father;" Av. patar-; cf. Skt. pitár-; Gk. pater; L. pater (Fr. père, Sp. padre).

fault
  گسله   
gosalé (#)

Fr.: faille   

Geology: A fracture in the Earth's crust along which the adjacent rock surfaces have been displaced relative to each other. Movement along the fault can cause → earthquakes or, in the process of mountain-building, can release underlying → magma and permit it to rise to the surface as a volcanic eruption.

M.E. faute "deficiency," from O.Fr. faute "opening, gap; failure, flaw; lack," from V.L. *fallita "a shortcoming, falling," from L. falsus "deceptive, feigned, spurious," p.p. of fallere "to deceive, be wrong."

Gosalé, noun from gosalidan "to break; to snap asunder," ultimately from Proto-Iranian *uisar-, from *ui- "apart" + *sar- "to break;" cf. Av. sairi- "fragment," asarəta- "not broken;" Skt. sar- "to break, tear apart," śūrtá- "smashed," aśīrtá- "unharmed;" Gk. keraizo "to tear, destroy," akeraios "unharmed;" PIE base *ker- "to hurt, harm."

fault surface
  رویه‌ی ِ گسله   
ruye-ye gosalé

Fr.: surface de faille   

Geology: The surface of a fracture along which dislocation of adjacent rocks has taken place.

falt; → surface.

faulting
  گسلش   
gosaleš (#)

Fr.: formation de failles   

The geological process leading to the formation of → faults.

Verbal noun, → fault.

feather
  پر   
par (#)

Fr.: plume   

One of light appendages that grow from a bird's skin and form its covering.

M.E., from O.E. fether; akin to Du. veder, Ger. Feder, O.N. fioþr, Sw. fjäder, from PIE root *pet- "to rush, to fly."

Parr "feather," variant bâl "wing," Mid.Pers. parr "feather, wing," bâl; Av. parəna- "feather," Skt. parnam, cf. O.H.G. farn "fern," PIE pornom "feather."

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>