An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
field curvature
  خمیدگی ِ میدان   
xamidegi-ye meydân (#)

Fr.: courbure de champ   

An aberration in an optical instrument, common in Schmidt telescopes, in which the focus changes from the center to the edge of the field of view. Owing to this aberration, a straight object looks curved in the image.

field; → curvature.

field equation
  هموگش ِ میدان   
hamugeš-e meydân

Fr.: équation de champ   

In a physical theory, an equation that describe how a fundamental force interacts with matter. Einstein's equations of → general relativity are called field equations since they describe the → gravitational field. Similarly, → Maxwell's equations describe the electromagnetic field.

field; → equation.

field galaxy
  کهکشان ِ میدان   
kahkešân-e meydân

Fr.: galaxie de champ   

A galaxy that lies in the direction of a → cluster of galaxies, but is not a member of the cluster. Field galaxies are rare, less than about 5% of all galaxies.

field; → galaxy.

field horizontal branch star
  ستاره‌ی ِ شاخه‌ی ِ افقی ِ میدانی   
setâre-ye šâxe-ye ofoqi-ye meydâni

Fr.: étoile de la branche horizontal du champ   

A → horizontal branch star with high velocity.

field; → horizontal; → branch; → star.

field lens
  عدسی ِ میدان   
adasi-ye meydân

Fr.: lentille de champ   

A lens placed at or near the focal plane of a telescope to create an image of the primary mirror inside the instrument.

field; → lens.

field O star
  ستاره‌ی ِ Oی ِ میدان   
setâre-ye O-ye meydân

Fr.: étoile O de champ   

An → O-type star which is apparently not associated with a → star cluster. A significant fraction of → massive stars in the → Milky Way and other galaxies are located far from star clusters and → star-forming regions. It is known that some of these stars are → runaways, i.e. possess high → space velocities (determined through the → proper motion and/or → radial velocity measurements), and therefore most likely were formed in embedded clusters and then ejected into the field because of dynamical interactions or → binary-→ supernova explosions. However, there exists a group of field O stars whose runaway status is difficult to prove via direct proper motion measurements or whose low space velocities and/or young ages appear to be incompatible with their large separation from known star clusters. The existence of this group led some authors to believe that these stars can form → in situ. The question of whether or not O stars can form in isolation (→ isolated massive star formation) is of crucial importance for → star formation models (Gvaramadze et al., 2012, MNRAS, 424, 3037).

field; → O star.

field object
  بر‌آخت ِ میدان   
barâxt-e meydân

Fr.: objet de champ   

An astronomical object that is seen in the direction of a group but not physically belonging to the group. → field galaxy.

field; → object.

field of force
  میدان ِ نیرو   
meydân-e niru (#)

Fr.: champ de force   

The region of → space surrounding a body, such as a mass of → matter, a → charged particle, or a → magnet, within which it can exert a → force on another similar body not in contact with it.

field; → force.

field of view
  میدان ِ دید   
meydân-e did (#)

Fr.: champ de vue   

The entire angular expanse of the sky viewed by an optical instrument.

field; → view.

field rotation
  چرخش ِ میدان   
carxeš-e meydân

Fr.: rotation de champ   

The effect of the Earth's rotation on the position of the image formed on the → focal plane of a telescope during long exposures. In the case of → equatorial mounting, the image remains fixed, whereas it turns continuously with an → altazimuth mounting. In the latter case the image motion must be compensated by an appropriate mechanism, → field rotator.

field; → rotation.

field rotator
  چرخاننده‌ی ِ میدان   
carxânande-ye meydân

Fr.: rotateur de champ   

A device used on a telescope to correct for the → field rotation while tracking an object.

field; → rotator.

field star
  ستاره‌ی ِ میدان   
setâre-ye meydân

Fr.: étoile de champ   

A star that does not belong to a stellar cluster, but happens to be adjacent to it.

field; → star.

field stop
  دریچه‌ی ِ میدان   
darice-ye meydân

Fr.: diaphragme de champ   

A diaphragm located at an image plane of an optical system that determines the size and shape of the image. → aperture stop.

field; → stop.

field theory
  نگره‌ی ِ میدان   
negare-ye meydân

Fr.: théorie des champs   

1) A theory which uses the concept of → field to describe physical phenomena. It consists of two types: → classical field theory and → quantum field theory.
2) Math.: A branch of mathematics which studies the → fields.

field; → theory.

figure
  شکل   
šekl (#)

Fr.: figure   

The precise curve required on the surface of an optical element, especially the mirror of a reflecting telescope.

From O.Fr. figure, from L. figura "a shape, form."

Šekl from Ar. šakl "figure."

figuring
  شکل‌دهی   
šekldahi

Fr.:   

The final stage of mirror making, a process of altering the mirror's shape into the one required for proper function. → grinding; → polishing.

Figuring, noun of → figure.

Šekldahi, "giving form," from šekl, → figure + dahi, a verbal noun of dâdan "to give," from Mid.Pers. dâdan "to give," O.Pers./Av. dā- "to give, grant, yield," dadāiti "he gives;" cf. Skt. dadáti "he gives," Gk. didomi "I give," tithenai "to put, set, place;" L. dare "to give, offer;" facere "to do, to make;" Rus. delat "to do;" O.H.G. tuon, Ger. tun, O.E. don "to do." PIE base *dhe- "to put, to do."

filament
  رشته   
rešté (#)

Fr.: filament   

1) A long tongue of a relatively cold matter (10,000 K), suspended in the → solar corona (2 million K). Filaments seem dark in the Hα light when they are seen projected on the solar disk; at the limb they look as what they actually are: → prominences.
2) Electricity, Electronics: In electric light bulbs and thermionic valves, a wire of metal of high melting point, which is heated by the passage of an electric current.
3) Cosmology: → cosmic filament.

From Mod.L. filamentum, from L.L. filare "to spin, draw out in a long line," from L. filum "thread," from PIE base *gwhi- "thread, tendon;" cf. Gk. bios "bow;" Skt. jiyā- "bow-string;" Av. jiiā- "bow-string;" Mod.Pers. zeh "string, bow-string" (dialectal Qomi zij "mason's cord"); Arm. jil "string, line;" Lith. gijà "thread;" Russ. žica "thread."

Rešté "thread, line, file," from reštan, ristan "to spin;" Mid.Pers. 'rws- "to turn to," abrešom "silk;" Sogdian rwyšt "spun;" Av. uruuaēs- "to twist, turn;" Proto-Iranian *uris- "to turn, spin."

filamentary nebula
  میغ ِ رشته‌ای   
miq-e rešteyi

Fr.: nébuleuse filamentaire   

A nebula, generally ionized, consisting of filament-like structures of gas, such as the Veil Nebula (NGC 6960) or the supernova remnant IC 443.

Filamentary adj. of → filament; → nebula.

filar micrometer
  ریزسنج ِ زهی   
riz-sanj-e zehi

Fr.: micromètre filaire   

An instrument used with a telescope for accurately measuring small angular separations between two celestial bodies (as between binary stars). The instrument consists of two parallel fine wires with one wire being fixed and the other movable by means of a finely threaded screw.

Filar, from L. fil(um) "a thread" (see the paragraph below) + -ar variant of the adjective-forming suffix → -al; → micrometer.

Kehsanj, → micrometer; zehi adj. of zeh "string, bow-string;" Mid.Pers. zih "bow-string," zig "string; astronomical table" (loaned into Ar. as zij); Av. jiiā- "bow-string;" cf. Skt. jiyā- "bow-string;" Gk. bios "bow;" L. filum "thread;" Arm. jil "string, line;" Lith. gijà "thread;" Russ. žica "thread;" PIE base *gwhi- "thread, tendon."

file
  پرونده   
parvandé (#)

Fr.: fichier   

In computer science, a collection of related data or program records stored on a support.

From M.E. filen, from M.F. filer "to string documents on a thread," O.F. filer "to wind or spin thread," from L.L. filare "to spin, draw out in a long line," from L. filum "thread," from PIE base *gwhi- "thread, tendon;" cf. Gk. bios "bow;" Skt. jiyā- "bow-string;" Av. jiiā- "bow-string;" Mod.Pers. zeh "bow-string;" Arm. jil "string, line," Lith. gijà "thread;" Russ. žica "thread."

Parvandé "file," initially "a bundle, roll, truss (of clothes)," from Mid.Pers. parwastan, parwand- "to surround, enclose, contain, comprise," from par-, variants far-, par-, pirâ- "around, about" (Mid.Pers. pêrâ; O.Pers. pariy "around, about," Av. pairi "around, over;" Skt. pari; Indo-Iranian *pari- "around;" PIE base *per- "through, across, beyond;" cf. Gk. peri "around, about, beyond;" L. per "through") + vand-/band- stem of vastan/bastan "to bind, shut;" O.Pers./Av. band- "to bind, fetter," banda- "band, tie" (cf. Skt. bandh- "to bind, tie, fasten;" PIE *bhendh- "to bind;" Ger. binden; E. bind).

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>