An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
fireball
  تشگوی، آذرگوی   
tašguy (#), âzarguy (#)

Fr.: boule de feu   

A → meteor that is brighter than the brightest planets, i.e. with an apparent magnitude of -5 or greater. Fireballs are often followed by → meteorite falls. Also called → bolide.

From → fire + ball, from O.E., from O.N. bollr "ball," from P.Gmc. *balluz (cf. O.H.G. ballo, Ger. Ball), from PIE base *bhel- "to swell."

Tašguy, from taš "fire," variant of âtašfire + guy "ball, sphere," variants golulé, gullé, goruk, gulu, gudé (cf. Skt. guda- "ball, mouthful, lump, tumour," Pali gula- "ball," Gk. gloutos "rump," L. glomus "ball," globus "globe," Ger. Kugel, E. clot; PIE *gel- "to make into a ball").

firm
  دش   
deš

Fr.: ferme   

1) Having a solid structure that resists pressure.
2) Solidly or securely fixed in place.

M.E. ferm, from O.Fr. ferm "strong, vigorous; healthy, sound; steadfast," from L. firmus "strong, steadfast, stable," from PIE root *dher- "to hold firmly, support."

Deš (Hamadâni) "firm, steady," (Ilâmi) dež "intact, entire," (Hamadâni) daj "intact, full," (Šuštari) dec "full," may be related to Proto-Ir. *dar- "to hold, keep;" Av. dār- "to hold, keep;" Pers./ Mid.Pers. dâštan/dâr- "to have, hold, keep;" cf. Skt. dhar- "to hold, keep, preserve;" L. firmus "firm, steady, as above."

first
  نخست، نخستین، یکم، آغاز   
naxost (#), naxostin (#), yekom (#), âqâz (#)

Fr.: premier   

Being before all others with respect to time, order, importance, etc., used as the ordinal number of one.

O.E. fyrst "foremost," superlative of fore, from P.Gmc. *furisto (cf. O.H.G. furist, O.N. fyrstr, Dan. første, M.Du. vorste "first," Ger. Fürst "prince"), superlative of *fur-/*for-, from PIE *pro- (cf. Av. pouruua- "first," fra- "forward, forth;" Skt. pūrva- "first," pra- "before, formerly," Gk. pro; L. pro; E. fore).

Naxost, from Mid.Pers. naxust "the first," Parthian Mid.Pers. nxwšt, from naxu, Manichean Parthian nwx "beginning" + -ist superlative suffix, Av. -išta-, cf. Skt. -istha-, Gk. -istos, O.H.G. -isto, -osto, O.E. -st, -est, -ost; naxostin, from naxost + suffix -in.
Yekom, from yek, → one, + -om suffix of ordinal numbers.
Âqâz "beginning," from Proto-Iranian *āgāza-, from prefix ā- + *gāz- "to take, receive," cf. Sogdian āγāz "beginning, start," pcγz "reception, taking."

first approximation
  نزدین ِ نخست   
nazdin-e naxost

Fr.: première approximation   

1) Generally, an expression to indicate that a comment or result is only approximate.
2) Math.: In calculus, limiting a differential equation to its → first derivative, for example: ex≅ 1 + x. Also called → linear approximation.

first; → approximation.

first collapse
  رمبش ِ نخست   
rombeš-e naxost

Fr.: premier effondrement   

An early phase in the process of star formation which begins when the mass of a → molecular cloud → clump exceeds the → Jeans mass. The collapse is initially → optically thin to the thermal emission from → dust grains, and the compressional heating rate is much smaller than the cooling rate by the → thermal radiation. The collapse proceeds → isothermally. The isothermal condition is broken when the central density reaches about 10-13 g cm-3 and a small region at the center of the cloud starts to become → opaque. The heat generated by the collapse in this region is no longer freely radiated away, and the compression becomes approximately → adiabatic. The central temperature and pressure then begin to rise rapidly, soon becoming sufficient to decelerate and stop the collapse at the center. There then arises a small central core, called the → first core, in which the material has stopped collapsing and is approaching → hydrostatic equilibrium. Outside this core, the material is still nearly isothermal and continues to fall inward almost in → free fall. Consequently a shock front arises at the boundary of the core, where the infalling material is suddenly stopped. The initial mass and radius of the core are about 1031 g and 6 x 1013 cm, respectively, and the central density and temperature are about 2 x 10-10 g cm-3 and 170 K, respectively. As the collapse proceeds, the core grows in mass due to the infall of the surrounding material; at the same time, however, the core radius decreases because of radiative energy losses from the outer layers of the core. The process leads to the → second collapse (R. B. Larson, 1969, MNRAS 145, 271).

first; → collapse.

first contact
  پرماس ِ نخست   
parmâs-e naxost

Fr.: premier contact   

1) The beginning of a → solar eclipse when the eastern part of the lunar limb touches the western limb of the Sun, marking the beginning of an eclipse.
2) For a → lunar eclipse, the moment when the eastern limb of the Moon is the first to enter the Earth's shadow.

first; → contact.

first core
  مغزه‌ی ِ نخست   
maqze-ye naxost

Fr.: premier cœur   

A first object in → hydrostatic equilibrium predicted to form during early dynamical contraction of a → molecular cloud → clump in the course of the → first collapse.

first; → core.

first degree equation
  هموگش ِ درجه‌ی ِ یکم   
hamugeš-e daraje-ye yekom

Fr.: équiation du premier degré   

A equation in which the highest → exponent of the → variable is 1. Same as → linear equation.

first; → degree; → equation.

first derivative
  واخنه‌ی ِ نخست   
vâxane-ye naxost

Fr.: dérivée première   

The simplest mathematical → differentiation of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx. It is the same as → derivative, contrasted with the → second derivative or the nth derivative.

first; → derivative.

first derivative test
  آزمون ِ واخنه‌ی ِ نخست   
âzmun-e vâxane-ye naxost

Fr.: teste de la dérivée première   

In → calculus, a method for determining whether an → inflection point is a → local minimum, → local maximum, or neither.

first; → derivative; → test.

first dredge-up
  برونکشید ِ نخست   
borunkašid-e naxost

Fr.: premier dragage   

The → dredge-up occurring after core hydrogen burning as the core contracts before helium burning ignites (on the ascending giant branch). The hydrogen envelope becomes convective and this convective zone penetrates deep into the core dredging up material that has been processed by the central nuclear reactions. As a result the abundances of helium and nitrogen are boosted.

first; → dredge-up.

first law of thermodynamics
  قانون ِ نخست ِ گرماتوانیک   
qânun-e naxost-e garâtavânik

Fr.: première loi de la thermodynamique   

The total energy of a → closed system is constant. This means that energy can be changed from one form to another, or transferred from one system to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. A mathematical formulation of the first law is: δQ = δU + δW, where δQ is the heat transferred to the system, δU the change in internal energy (resulting in a rise or fall of temperature), and δW is the work done by the system.

first; → law; → thermodynamics.

first light
  نخستین فروغ، ~ نور   
naxostin foruq, ~ nur

Fr.: première lumière   

The first astronomical observation done with a major newly built telescope.

first; → light.

First Point of Aries
  نقطه‌ی ِ آغاز ِ برّه   
noqte-ye âqâz-e barré (#)

Fr.: premier point de Bélier   

One of the two points on the celestial sphere where the ecliptic and the celestial equator crossed one another at → vernal equinox several thousands years ago.

first; → point; → Aries.

First Point of Libra
  نقطه‌ی ِ آغاز ِ ترازو   
noqte-ye âqâz-e tarâzu (#)

Fr.: permier point de Balance   

One of the two points on the celestial sphere where the ecliptic and the celestial equator crossed one another at → autumnal equinox several thousands years ago. Because of → precession, this equinoctial point no longer lies in Libra but in neighboring Virgo.

first quarter
  چارک ِ نخست   
cârak-e naxost

Fr.: premier quartier   

A → lunar phase that occurs in the middle of the interval between the → new Moon and the → full Moon, when half of the Moon's disk is illuminated. At first quarter, the Moon is situated at 90° east of the Sun.

first; → quarter.

first star
  نخستین ستاره   
naxostin setâré

Fr.: première étoile   

A member of the → Population III → massive stars that formed some 500 Myr after the → Big Bang. First stars had a simple chemical composition consisting only of H, He, and traces of 7Li and were very short-lived. They are the most likely sources of → reionization of the Universe, which put an end to the → Cosmic Dark Age.

first; → star.

first-order differential equation
  هموگش ِ دگرسانه‌ای ِ رایه‌ی ِ نخست   
hamugeš-e degarsâne-yi-ye râye-ye naxost

Fr.: équation différentielle du premier ordre   

A → differential equation containing only the first → derivative. For example, dy/dx = 3x and 2y(dy/dx) + 3x = 5.

first; → order; → differential; → equation.

first-order logic (FOL)
  گوییک ِ فراسنی ِ رایه‌ی ِ نخست، ~ فراسنهای ِ ~ ~   
guyik-e farâsani-ye râye-ye naxost, ~ farâsanhâ-ye ~ ~

Fr.: logique des prédicats du premier ordre   

A system of → formal logic that is an extension of → propositional logic. It is also known as → first-order predicate calculus and → predicate logic. FOL eliminates deficiencies of propositional logic by: representing → objects (their properties, relations and statements about them), introducing → variables, and introducing → quantifiers.

first; → order; → predicate; → logic.

first-order partial derivative
  واخنه‌ی ِ پاری ِ رایه‌ی ِ نخست   
vâxane-ye pâri-ye râye-ye naxost

Fr.: dérivée partielle du premier degré   

For a → function with several → variables, the derivative, done only once, with respect to one of the variables. For example ∂u/∂x for u = u(x,y).

first; → order; → partial; → derivative.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>