An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
gray atmosphere
  جّو ِ خاکستری، هواسپهر ِ ~   
javv-e xâkestari, havâsepher-e ~

Fr.: atmosphère grise   

A simplifying assumption in the models of stellar atmosphere, according to which the absorption coefficient has the same value at all wavelengths.

gray; → atmosphere.

gray body
  جسم ِ خاکستری   
jesm-e xâkestari (#)

Fr.: corps gris   

A hypothetical body which emits radiation at each wavelength in a constant ratio, less than unity, to that emitted by a black body at the same temperature.

gray; → body.

graze
  برمژیدن   
barmažidan (#)

Fr.: raser, frôler, effleurer   

To touch or rub lightly in passing.

Perhaps special use of graze "to feed on grass," from M.E. grasen, O.E. grasian.

Barmažidan, from Choresmian parmž "to touch, to rub," variants barmajidan, majidan, parmâsidan, Mid.Pers. pahrmâh- "to touch, to feel;" ultimately from Proto-Ir. *pari-mars-, from *Hmars-, *Hmarz- "to touch, rub, wipe;" probably related to marz "border, frontier," mâlidan "to rub, polish."

grazer
  برمژنده   
barmžandé

Fr.: rasant   

A thing that grazes.

Agent noun of → graze.

grazing
  ۱) برمژنده؛ ۲) برمژ   
1) barmažandé; 2) barmaž

Fr.: 1) rasant; 2) rasage, frôlement, effleurement   

1) Describing something that grazes. → grazing angle, → grazing occultation.
2) The act of touching or rubbing lightly in passing.

graze; → -ing.

grazing incidence
  فتاد ِ برمژنده   
fotâd-e barmažandé

Fr.: incidence rasante   

Light striking a surface at an angle almost perpendicular to the normal. → grazing-incidence telescope.

grazing; → incidence.

grazing occultation
  فروپوشانش ِ برمژنده   
forupušâneš-e barmažandé

Fr.: occultation rasante   

A special type of occultation that occurs when the star appears to pass tangentially on the → edge of the → Moon.

grazing; → occultation.

grazing-incidence telescope
  تلسکوپ با فتاد ِ برمژنده   
teleskop bâ fotâd-e barmažandé

Fr.: télescope à incidence rasante   

A telescope design used for focusing → extreme ultraviolet, → X-rays, and → gamma rays by means of → grazing incidence. Such short wavelengths do not reflect in the same manner as at the large incidence angles employed in optical and radio telescopes. Instead, they are mostly absorbed. To bring X-rays to a → focus, one has to use a different approach from → Cassegrain or other typical → reflecting telescopes. In a grazing-incidence telescope, incoming light is almost → parallel to the → mirror surface and strikes the mirror → surface at a very → shallow angle. Much like skipping a stone on the water by throwing it at a low angle to the surface, X-rays may be → deflected by mirrors arranged at low incidence angles to the incoming energy. Several designs of grazing-incidence mirrors have been used in various → X-ray telescopes, including → plane mirrors or combinations of → parabolic and → hyperbolic surfaces. To increase the collecting area a number of mirror elements are often nested inside one another. For example, the → Chandra X-ray Observatory uses two sets of four nested grazing-incidence mirrors to bring X-ray photons to focus onto two → detector instruments. → Bragg's law; → X-ray astronomy.

grazing incidence; → telescope.

great
  بزرگ   
bozorg (#)

Fr.: grand   

Unusual or considerable in degree, power, intensity, number, etc.

O.E. great "big, coarse, stout," from W.Gmc. *grautaz (cf. Du. groot, Ger. groß "great").

Bozorg "great, large, immense, grand, magnificient;" Mid.Pers. vazurg "great, big, high, lofty;" O.Pers. vazarka- "great;" Av. vazra- "club, mace" (Mod.Pers. gorz "mace"); cf. Skt. vájra- "(Indra's) thunderbolt," vaja- "strength, speed;" L. vigere "be lively, thrive," velox "fast, lively," vegere "to enliven," vigil "watchful, awake;" P.Gmc. *waken (Du. waken; O.H.G. wahhen; Ger. wachen "to be awake;" E. wake); PIE base *weg- "to be strong, be lively."

Great Attractor
  درکشنده‌ی ِ بزرگ   
darkašande-ye bozorg

Fr.: Grand Attracteur   

A hypothesized large concentration of mass (about 1016  → solar masses), some hundred million → light-years from Earth, in the direction of the → Centaurus → supercluster, that seems to be affecting the motions of many nearby galaxies by virtue of its gravity.

great; → attractor.

great circle
  پرهون ِ بزرگ، دایره‌ی ِ ~   
parhun-e bozorg, dâyere-ye ~

Fr.: grand cercle   

A circle on a sphere whose plane passes through the center of the sphere.

great; → circle.

Great Dark Spot
  لکه‌ی ِ سیاه ِ بزرگ   
lake-ye siyâh-e bozorg

Fr.: Grande tache noire   

One of a series of dark spots on → Neptune similar in appearance to Jupiter's → Great Red Spot. It was discovered in 1989 by NASA's Voyager 2 space probe. Also known as GDS-89. The dark, oval spot had initial dimensions of 13,000 × 6,600 km, about the same size as Earth. Although it appears similar to Jupiter's spot, which is an → anticyclonic storm, it is believed that the Great Dark Spot is an atmospheric hole similar to the hole in Earth's → ozone layer ozone layer. Moreover, unlike Jupiter's spot, which has lasted for hundreds of years, the lifetimes of Great Dark Spots appear to be much shorter, forming and disappearing once every few years or so. Based on pictures taken by Voyager and since then with the → Hubble Space Telescope, Neptune appears to spend somewhat more than half its time with a Great Dark Spot. Around the Great Dark Spot, winds were measured blowing up to 2,400 km an hour, the fastest in the solar system.

great; → dark; → spot.

Great Red Spot
  لکه‌ی ِ سرخ ِ بزرگ   
lakke-ye sorx-e bozorg (#)

Fr.: Grande tache rouge   

An anticyclonic storm on the planet Jupiter akin to a hurricane on Earth, but it is enormous (three Earths would fit within its boundaries) and it has persisted for at least the 400 years that humans have observed it through telescopes.

great; → red; → spot.

Great Rift
  چاک ِ بزرگ   
câk-e bozorg

Fr.:   

An apparent fissure in the bright clouds of the Milky Way between → Cygnus and → Sagittarius caused by a series of large, dark, overlapping clouds.

great; → rift.

greatest eastern elongation
  بزرگترین درازش ِ خاوری   
bozorgtarin derâzeš-e xâvari

Fr.: plus grande élongation est   

The Greatest → elongation of an inferior planet occurring after sunset.

Superlative of → great; → eastern; → elongation.

greatest eclipse
  بزرگترین خورگرفت   
bozogtarin xorgereft

Fr.: la plus grande éclipse   

The instant when the axis of the Moon's → shadow cone passes closest to Earth's center. For → total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for → annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path (F. Espenak, NASA).

Superlative of → great; → eclipse.

greatest elongation
  بزرگترین درازش   
bozorgtarin derâzeš

Fr.: plus grande élongationt   

The largest → elongation of an inferior planet from the Sun. It may be → greatest eastern elongation or → greatest western elongation. The greatest elongation of Mercury is about 28°, and thus Mercury can only be observed 112 minutes after sunset or before sunrise. For Venus, it is about 47°, making it visible at most about 3 hours after sunset or before sunrise.

Superlative of → great; → eastern; → elongation.

greatest western elongation
  بزرگترین درازش ِ باختری   
bozorgtarin derâzeš-e bâxtari

Fr.: plus grande élongation ouest   

The Greatest → elongation of an inferior planet occurring before sunrise.

Superlative of → great; → western; → elongation.

Greek numeral system
  راژمان ِ عددهای ِ یونانی   
râžmân-e adadhâ-ye Yunâni

Fr.: numération grecque   

A → numeral system in which letters represent numbers. In an earlier system, called acrophonic, the symbols for numerals came from the first letter of the number name. Subsequently, the numerals were based on giving values to the letters of alphabet. For example α, β, γ, and δ represented 1, 2, 3, and 4; while ι, κ, λ, and μ stood for 10, 20, 30, and 40, and ρ, σ, τ, and υ for 100, 200, 300, and 400. The Greek also used the additive principle. For example 11, 12, 13, 14, and 374 were written ια, ιβ, ιγ, ιδ, and τοδ. The numbers between 1000 and 9000 were expressed by adding a subscript or superscript ι (iota) to the symbols for 1 to 9. For example ιA and ιΘ for 1000 and 9000. Numbers greater than 9999 were expressed using M, which was the myriad, 10,000. Therefore, since 123 was represented by ρκγ, 123,000 was written as Mρκγ.

numeral; → system.

green
  سبز   
sabz (#)

Fr.: vert   

A color intermediate in the spectrum between yellow and blue (wavelength between 5000 and 5700 Å). The color of most grasses and leaves while growing.

Green, from O.E. grene, related to growan "to grow," from W.Gmc. *gronja- (cf. Dan. grøn, Du. groen, Ger. grün), from PIE base *gro- "to grow."

Sabz "green," from Mid.Pers. sabz "green, fresh," related to sabzi "grass."

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>