An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
hylotrope
  ماده‌گرد   
mâdegard

Fr.: hylotrope   

A member of a class of equations of state used in some models concerned with the evolution of a hypothetical supermassive star. The supermassive star is assumed to consist of a → convective core, which obeys a → polytropic law, and an envelope, which contains most of the whole mass, and follows the hylotropic → equation of state. This equation is expressed by P = A ρ4/3Mα, where A is a constant, ρ the density, M the mass, and α an index. First introduced by Mitchell C. Begelman (2010, MNRAS 402, 673).

From → hylotropic, on the model of → polytrope.

hylotropic
  ماده‌گرد   
mâdegard

Fr.: hylotropique   

Physical chemistry: Describing a substance that is capable of undergoing a change in phase (as from a liquid to a gas), with no change in chemical composition. If the substance is hylotropic over a limited range of pressure and temperatures, it is a pure chemical substance. If it is hylotropic over all pressure and temperatures except the most extreme ones, it is a → chemical element. See also → hylotrope.

First suggested by Wilhelm Ostwald (1904, in Annalen der Naturphilosophie 3, 355), from Gk. hylo-, combining form of hyle "matter; wood," because of the dependence on the composition, + → -tropic.

Mâdegard, from mâdé, → matter, + gard, → -tropic.

hylotropy
  ماده‌گردی   
mâdegardi

Fr.: hylotropie   

Physical chemistry: The fact or condition of being → hylotropic.

hylotropic; → -tropy.

hyper-
  ۱) اَبَر-؛ ۲) هیپر-   
1) abar- (#); 2) hiper- (#)

Fr.: hyper-   

A prefix appearing in loanwords from Greek meaning:
1) "Over," like → super-, and sometimes implying:
2) "Excess higher than that denoted by super-;" e.g. → hypernova.

From Gk. hyper, preposition and adverb, "over, beyond, overmuch, above;" cognate with L. super- and Pers. abar-, as below.

1) Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy "above; over, upon, according to;" Av. upairi "above, over," upairi.zəma- "located above the earth;" cf. Gk. hyper- "over, above;" L. super-; O.H.G. ubir "over;" PIE base *uper "over."
2) hiper, loanword from Gk.

hyperbola
  هذلولی   
hozluli (#)

Fr.: hyperbole   

A two-branched open curve, a type of conic section, defined as the intersection between a right circular conical surface and a plane which cuts through both halves of the cone.

From Gk. hyperbole "excess, exaggeration" literally "a throwing beyond," from hyperballein "to throw over or beyond," from → hyper- "beyond" + bol-, nom. stem of ballein "to throw."

Hozluli, loanword from Ar.

hyperbolic
  هذلولی   
hozluli (#)

Fr.: hyperbolique   

Of or pertaining to a → hyperbola.

From hyperbol-, → hyperbola, + → -ic.

hyperbolic cosine
  کوسینوس ِ هذلولی   
kosinus-e hozluli

Fr.: cosinus hyperbolique   

A function, denoted cosh x, defined for all real values of x, by the relation: cosh x = (1/2) (ex + e-x).

hyperbolic; → cosine.

hyperbolic function
  کریایِ هذلولی   
karyâ-ye hozluli

Fr.: fonction hyperbolique   

Any of the six functions sinh, cosh, tanh, coth, csch, and sech that are related to the → hyperbola in the same way the → trigonometric functions relate to the → circle. Many of the formulae satisfied by the hyperbolic functions are similar to corresponding formulae for the trigonometric functions, except for + and - signs. For example: cosh2x - sinh2x = 1. See also: → hyperbolic cosine, → hyperbolic sine. Hyperbolic functions were first introduced by the Swiss mathematician Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728-1777).

hyperbolic; → function.

hyperbolic orbit
  مدار ِ هذلولی   
madâr-e hozluli (#)

Fr.: orbite hyperbolique   

An orbit that is an open curve whose ends get wider apart at any rate between that of an ellipse and a straight line. Some comets' orbits become hyperbolic through the gravitational influence of a planet the comet passes near.

hyperbolic; → orbit.

hyperbolic sine
  سینوس ِ هذلولی   
sinus-e hozluli

Fr.: sinus hyperbolique   

A function, denoted cosh x, defined for all real values of x, by the relation: cosh x = (1/2) (ex - e-x).

hyperbolic; → sine.

hyperbolic space
  فضای ِ هذلولی   
fazâ-ye hozluli (#)

Fr.: espace hyperbolique   

A three-dimensional space whose geometry resembles that of a saddle-shaped surface and is said to have negative curvature.

hyperbolic; → space.

hyperboloid
  هذلولی‌وار   
hozlulivâr (#)

Fr.: hyperboloïde   

A surface or body obtained by rotating a hyperbola about its axis of symmetry.

Hyperboloid, from hyperbol(a) + → -oid a suffix meaning "resembling, like."

Hozlulivâr, from hozluli, → hyperbola, + -vâr a suffix of similarity.

hyperfine
  اَبَرنازک   
abar-nâzok

Fr.: hyperfine   

Extremely fine or thin, especially of a → spectral line split into two or more very thin components. → hyperfine structure; → hyperfine transition.

hyper-, → fine structure.

hyperfine structure
  ساختار ِ اَبَرنازک   
sâxtâr-e abar-nâzok (#)

Fr.: structure hyperfine   

In spectroscopy, the → splitting of a spectral line into a number of very thin components. It results from a small perturbation in the energy levels of atoms or molecules due to the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction arising from the interaction of the nuclear → magnetic moment with the → spin of the electron. It can be observed only at high spectral dispersion. → fine structure.

hyperfine; → structure.

hyperfine transition
  گذرش ِ اَبَرنازک   
gozareš-e abar-nâzok

Fr.: transition hyperfine   

An → atomic transition involving a → hyperfine structure.

hyperfine; → transition.

hypergalaxy
  اَبَرکهکشان، هیپرکهکشان   
abarkahkašân, hiperkahkašân

Fr.: hypergalaxie   

A system consisting of a dominant → spiral galaxy associated with → dwarf satellite galaxies and intergalactic matter. Examples in the → Local Group are our Galaxy and the → Andromeda galaxy.

hyper- + → galaxy.

hypergiant star
  ستاره‌ی ِ هیپرغول   
setâre-ye hiperqul

Fr.: hypergéante   

A high luminosity star with absolute visual magnitude around -10, about 106 times as luminous as the Sun. Hypergiant stars are evolved → massive stars belonging to the luminosity class Ia+ or Ia0. Their spectra show very broadened emission and absorption lines resulting from the high luminosity and low surface gravity which favor strong → stellar wind. See also → Humphreys-Davidson limit; → yellow hypergiant.

hyper-; → giant.

Hyperion (Saturn VII)
  هوپریون   
Huperion (#)

Fr.: Hypérion   

The sixteenth of → Saturn's known → natural satellites. It is shaped like a potato with dimensions of 410 x 260 x 220 km and has a bizarre porous, sponge-like appearance. Many of the sponge holes or craters have bright walls, which suggests an abundance of → water  → ice. The crater floors are mostly the areas of the lowest → albedo and greatest red coloration. This may be because the average temperature of roughly -180 °C might be close enough to a temperature that would cause → volatiles to → sublimate, leaving the darker materials accumulated on the crater floors. Hyperion is one of the largest bodies in the → Solar System known to be so irregular. Its density is so low that it might house a vast system of caverns inside. Hyperion rotates chaotically and revolves around Saturn at a mean distance of 1,481,100 km. It was discovered by two astronomers independently in 1848, the American William C. Bond (1789-1859) and the British William Lassell (1799-1880).

Hyperion, in Gk. mythology was the Titan god of light, one of the sons of Ouranos (Heaven) and Gaia (Earth), and the father of the lights of heaven, Eos the Dawn, Helios the Sun, and Selene the Moon.

hypermetropia
  دوربینی   
durbini (#)

Fr.: hypermétropie   

A condition of the eye that occurs when light rays entering the eye are focused behind the retina; also called farsightedness, hyperopia, long sight (opposed to → myopia).

From Gk. hupermetros "beyond measure," from → hyper- + metron "measure;" → meter + -opia a combining form denoting a condition of sight or of the visual organs hemeralopia; myopia.

Durbini "farsightedness," from dur "far" (Mid.Pers. dūr "far, distant, remote;" O.Pers. dūra- "far (in time or space)," dūraiy "afar, far away, far and wide;" Av. dūra-, dūirē "far," from dav- "to move away;" cf. Skt. dūrá- "far; distance (in space and time);" PIE base *deu- "to move forward, pass;" cf. Gk. den "for a long time," deros "lasting long") + bin- "to see" (present stem of didan; Mid.Pers. wyn-; O.Pers. vain- "to see;" Av. vaēn- "to see;" Skt. veda "I know;" Gk. oida "I know," idein "to see;" L. videre "to see;" PIE base *weid- "to know, to see") + -i noun suffix.

hypernova
  هیپر-نووا، هیپر-نو-اَختر   
hiper-novâ, hiper-nowaxtar

Fr.: hypernova   

A highly energetic → supernova explosion. This phenomenon, which is more violent than a typical → supernova event, is accompanied by a → gamma-ray burst.

hyper-; → nova.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>