An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
leap year
  سال ِ اندرهلی   
sâl-e andarheli

Fr.: année bissextile   

In solar calendars the year that contains 366 days, instead of 365, in order to keep the calendar in pace with the real solar time.

leap; → year.

leap year rule
  رزن ِ سال ِ اندرهلی   
razan-e sâl-e andarheli

Fr.: régle des années bissextiles   

The three criteria that identify → leap years in the → Gregorian calendar: 1) The year must be evenly divisible by 4; 2) If the year can be evenly divided by 100, it is not a leap year, unless; 3) The year is also evenly divisible by 400. This means that in the Gregorian calendar, the years 1600, 2000, and 2400 are leap years, while 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, 2300 and 2500 are not leap years.

leap; → year; → rule.

least
  کوچکترین، کمترین   
kucektarin, kamtarin

Fr.: moindre, plus petit   

Smallest in size, amount, degree, etc.

From M.E. leest(e), O.E. læst, læsest "smallest" (superlative of læs "smaller, less").

Kucaktarin, kamtarin, superlatives of kucak and kam, → small.

least common multiplier (LCM)
  کوچکترین بستاگر ِ همدار   
kucektarin bastâgar-e hamdâr

Fr.: plus petit commun multiple   

Of two or more → integers, the smallest positive number that is divisible by those integers without a remainder.

least; → common; → multiplier.

least squares
  کوچکترین چاروش‌ها   
kucaktarin cârušhâ

Fr.: moindres carrés   

Any statistical procedure that involves minimizing the sum of squared differences.

least; → square.

least-squares deconvolution (LSD)
  واهماگیش ِ کمترین چاروشها   
vâhamâgiš-e kucaktarin cârušhâ

Fr.: déconvolution des moindres carrés   

A → cross correlation technique for computing average profiles from thousands of → spectral lines simultaneously. The technique, first introduced by Donati et al. (1997, MNRAS 291,658), is based on several assumptions: additive → line profiles, wavelength independent → limb darkening, self-similar local profile shape, and weak → magnetic fields. Thus, unpolarized/polarized stellar spectra can indeed be seen as a line pattern → convolved with an average line profile. In this context, extracting this average line profile amounts to a linear → deconvolution problem. The method treats it as a matrix problem and look for the → least squares solution. In practice, LSD is very similar to most other cross-correlation techniques, though slightly more sophisticated in the sense that it cleans the cross-correlation profile from the autocorrelation profile of the line pattern. The technique is used to investigate the physical processes that take place in stellar atmospheres and that affect all spectral line profiles in a similar way. This includes the study of line profile variations (LPV) caused by orbital motion of the star and/or stellar surface inhomogeneities, for example. However, its widest application nowadays is the detection of weak magnetic fields in stars over the entire → H-R diagram based on → Stokes parameter V (→ circular polarization) observations (see also Tkachenko et al., 2013, A&A 560, A37 and references therein).

least; → square; → deconvolution.

least-squares fit
  سز ِ کوچکترین چاروش‌ها   
saz-e kucaktarin cârušhâ

Fr.: ajustement moindres carrées   

A fit through data points using least squares.

least squares; → fit.

leave
  ۱) پریژیدن؛ ۲) پریژ   
1) parižidan; 2) pariž

Fr.: 1) quitter; 2) congé, permission   

1a) Go away from.
1b) To let remain or have remaining behind after going, disappearing, ceasing, etc.
2a) Permission to be absent, as from work or military duty.
2b) The time this permission lasts (Dictionary.com).

M.E. leven, from O.E. laefan "to allow to remain in the same state or condition" (cf. O.Saxon farlebid "left over;" Ger. bleiben "to remain") ultimately from PIE *leip- "to stick, adhere;" also "fat," from which the cognates: Gk. lipos "fat;" O.E. lifer "liver," → life.

Parižidan, on the model of Sariqoli barēzj "leavings;" Yaghnobi piraxs- "to stay behind, remain;" ultimately from Proto-Ir. *apa-raic-, from *raic- "to abandon, leave;" cf. Av. raēc- "to leave, let" (Cheung 2006), → heritage.

Leavitt law
  قانون ِ لویت   
qânun-e Leavitt

Fr.: loi de Leavitt   

Same as the → period-luminosity relation.

Named after Henrietta Swan Leavitt (1868-1921), American woman astronomer, who discovered the relation between the luminosity and the period of → Cepheid variables (1912); → law.

Leclanché cell
  پیل ِ لوکلانشه   
pil-e Leclanché (#)

Fr.: pile de Leclanché   

A → primary cell in which the anode is a rod of carbon and the cathode a zinc rod both immersed in an electrolyte of ammonia plus a depolarizer.

Named after the inventor Georges Leclanché (1839-1882), a French chemist, → cell.

Leda
  لدا   
Ledâ (#)

Fr.: Léda   

1) The ninth of Jupiter's known satellites and the smallest. It is 16 km in diameter and has its orbit at 11 million km from its planet. Also called Jupiter XIII, it was discovered by Charles Kowal (1940-), an American astronomer, in 1974.
2) An asteroid, 38 Leda, discovered by J. Chacornac in 1856.

In Gk. mythology, Leda was queen of Sparta and the mother, by Zeus in the form of a swan, of Pollux and Helen of Troy.

Ledoux's criterion
  سنجیدار ِ لو‌دو   
sanjidâr-e Ledoux

Fr.: critère de Ledoux   

An improvement of → Schwarzschild's criterion for convective instability, which includes effects of chemical composition of the gas. In the Ledoux criterion the gradient due to different molecular weights is added to the adiabatic temperature gradient.

After the Belgian astrophysicist Paul Ledoux (1914-1988), who studied problems of stellar stability and variable stars. He was awarded the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1972 (Ledoux et al. 1961 ApJ 133, 184); → criterion.

left
  چپ   
cap (#)

Fr.: gauche   

Of, pertaining to, or located on or toward the west when somebody or something is facing north. Opposite of → right.

M.E. left, lift, luft, O.E. left, lyft- "weak, idle," cf. Ger. link, Du. linker "left," from O.H.G. slinc, M.Du. slink "left," Swed. linka "limp," slinka "dangle."

Cap "left," from unknown origin.

left-hand rule
  رزن ِ دست ِ چپ   
razan-e dast-e cap

Fr.: règle de la main gauche   

See → Fleming's rules.

left; → hand; → rule.

left-handed
  چپال، چپدست   
capâl (#) , capdast (#)

Fr.: gaucher   

Using the left hand with greater ease than the right.

left; → hand + -ed.

Capâl, from cap, → left, + -al, → -al. Capdast, with dast, → hand.

leg
  ۱) لنگ؛ ۲) ساق   
1) leng (#); 2) sâq (#)

Fr.: jambe   

1) The part of the body from the top of the → thigh down to the → foot.
2) Anatomy: The lower limb of a human being between the → knee and the → ankle.

M.E., from O.Norse leggr; cognate with Dan. læg, Swed. läg "the calf of the leg."

Leng, related to Mid.Pers. zang "shank, ankle;" Av. zanga-, zənga- "bone of the leg; ankle bone; ankle;" Skt. jánghā- "lower leg;" maybe somehow related to E. → shank.

legal
  قانونی   
qânuni (#)

Fr.: légal   

1) Permitted by law; lawful.
2) Of or relating to law; connected with the law or its administration (Dictionary.com).

From M.Fr. légal or directly from L. legalis "legal, pertaining to the law," from lex (genitive legis) "law."

Qânuni, of or relating to qânun, → law.

legend
  چیروک   
cirok

Fr.: légende   

1) A non-historical or unverifiable story handed down by tradition from earlier times and popularly accepted as historical.
2) The body of stories of this kind, especially as they relate to a particular people, group, or clan (Dictionary.com).

M.E. legende "written account of a saint's life," from O.Fr. legende and directly from M.L. legenda literally, "(things) to be read," noun use of feminine of L. legendus, gerund of legere "to read" (on certain days in church).

Cirok, from Kurd. cirok "story, fable," related to Kurd. cir-, cirin "to sing, [to recite?];" Av. kar- "to celebrate, praise;" Proto-Ir. *karH- "to praise, celebrate;" cf. Skt. kar- "to celebrate, praise;" O.Norse herma "report;" O.Prussian kirdit "to hear;" PIE *kerH2- "to celebrate" (Cheung 2007).

legendary
  چیروکی   
ciroki

Fr.: légendaire   

Of, relating to, or of the nature of a legend.

legend; → -ary.

Legendre equation
  هموگش ِ لوژاندر   
hamugeš-e Legendre

Fr.: équation de Legendre   

The → differential equation of the form: d/dx(1 - x2)dy/dx) + n(n + 1)y = 0. The general solution of the Legendre equation is given by y = c1Pn(x) + c2Qn(x), where Pn(x) are Legendre polynomials and Qn(x) are called Legendre functions of the second kind.

Named after Adrien-Marie Legendre (1752-1833), a French mathematician who made important contributions to statistics, number theory, abstract algebra, and mathematical analysis; → equation.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>