An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

The point in an orbit where the moving body lies furthest from the celestial body around which it turns.

Apoapsis, from → apo- + → apsis.

Apâhabâk, from apâ-, → apo-, + habâk, → apsis.

The point on an elliptic orbit at the greatest distance from the principal focus or center of attraction.

Apocenter, from → apo- + → center.

Apâmarkaz, apâkayân, from apâ-, → apo-, + markaz or kayân, → center.

Same as → apochromatic lens.

Corrected for → spherical aberration at two wavelengths or colors and for → chromatic aberration at three wavelengths.

→ apo-; → chromatic.

A lens that is → apochromatic.

→ apochromatic; → lens.

An optical system that is → apochromatic.

→ apochromatic; → system.

The capacity of an optical system to bring three widely separated wavelengths of light into a single focus.

→ apochromatic; → -ism.

To bring the wavelengths of the spatially separate colors to a common focus.

→ apochromat; → -ize.

The point in a lunar orbit that is farthest from the center of the Lune. Also apolune.

Apocynthion, from → apo- "away from, off" + cynthion, from Gk. Cynthia "goddess of the Moon."

Apâmah, apâmâh, from apâ, → apo-, + mah, mâh, → Moon.

1) Generally, any process suppressing the secondary maxima of a diffraction pattern, such as the faint rings around the Airy disk of an optical image. This allows the telescope to resolve finer details.
2) Over a telescope aperture, the use of a screen that progressively cuts down, from the center to the edge of the aperture, the amount of light transmitted, in order to reduce diffraction.
3) A mathematical treatment carried out on data received from an interferometer before the Fourier transformation is calculated to obtain the spectrum.

Apodization from v. apodize, → a- "negation prefix" + pod from Gk. podos "foot" (compare with Pers. pâ, see below) + -tion "noun forming suffix;" literally "removing feet," i.e. suppressing the secondary maxima at the side of the Airy spot.

Pâzodâyi "removing feet," from pâ "foot," Mid.Pers. pâd, pây , Av. pad-, Skt. pat, Gk. pos, gen. podos, L. pes, gen. pedis, PIE *pod-/*ped-. Zodâyi, n. from zodudan "to polish, clean," Mid.Pers. uzdâtan, Av. uzdâ-, from uz-, → ex-, + dâ- "make, create."

The point on an elliptic orbit at the greatest distance from the principal focus. Also knwon as → apocenter.

From → apo- "away from, off," + → focus.

From apâ-, → apo-, + kânun→ focus.

Of or pertaining to an → apogalacticon.

→ apo-; → galactic.

The point at which a celestial body is farthest from the center of a galaxy; opposite of → perigalacticon.

From → apo- "away from, off" + galacticon, → galaxy.

From apâ, → apo-, + kahkašân, → galaxy.

The point in the orbit of the moon or an artificial satellite that is farthest from the terrestrial center and at which the body's velocity is at a minimum.

From Fr. apogée, from L. apogæum, from Gk. apogaion "away from the earth," from → apo- "off, away" + gaia/ge "earth." According to Dehxodâ, the term owj used in Persian is neither Ar. nor Skt. (contrary to the opinions of Khwarazi and Biruni respectively), but the corrupt form of the above Gk. term.

Apâzam, from apâ-, → apo-, + Av. zam- "the earth," Mid.Pers. zamig, Mod.Pers. zami, zamin "the earth;" cf. Skt. ksam, Gk. khthôn, khamai "on the ground," L. homo "earthly being" and humus "the earth" (as in homo sapiens or homicide, humble, humus, exhume); PIE root *dh(e)ghom "earth".

An eclipse (of the Sun or Moon) which takes place when the Moon is at the → apogee of its orbit. The solar apogee eclipses, when they are not partial, are always → annular. The maximum duration of an apogee solar eclipse is 6h 15m (between the → first contact and the → fourth contact). The maximum duration of a lunar apogee eclipse, between the two exterior contacts of the Moon with the → penumbra, is 6h 18m (the maximum totality being 1h 44m) (M.S.: SDE).

→ apogee; → eclipse.

The → full Moon when our natural satellite is at its farthest position from the Earth. The difference in apparent size with respect to the → perigee full Moon represents a difference in distance of just under 50,000 km between → apogee and → perigee, given the Moon's average distance of about 385,000 km. Also called → full micro Moon.

→ apogee; → full; → moon.

The → point in the → orbit of a → satellite of → Jupiter that is farthest from Jupiter's center. → perijove.

→ apo- + jove, from L. Jovius "Jupiter," → Jovian.

A member of a class of → near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) that have orbital → semi-major axes greater than that of the Earth (> 1 → astronomical unit) but → perihelion distances less than the Earth's → aphelion distance (less than 1.017 AU); thus, they cross the Earth's orbit when near the perihelia of their orbits. They are named for the prototype Apollo.

→ Apollo; → asteroid.

The point in a lunar orbit that is farthest from the center of the Lune. Also → apocynthion.

From → apo- "away from, off" + lune "moon," from L. luna; PIE *louksnâ- "moon," literally "luminous, bright;" compare with O.Pers. raucah-, Av. raocah- "light, luminous; daylight," Skt. roka "brightness, light," cognate with Gk. leukos "white, clear," L. lux "light" (also lumen, luna), PIE *leuk- "light, brightness". The Mod.Pers. words rowšan, raxšân "bright, clear," ruz "day," foruq "light," and afruxtan "to light, kindle" also belong to this family, as well as the E. light, Ger. Licht, and Fr. lumière.

Apâmah, apâmâh, → apocynthion.

An appliance or device for a particular purpose: an X-ray apparatus. An integrated group of materials or devices used for a particular purpose.

From L. apparatus "equipment, preparation," from p.p. of apparare "to prepare," from ad- "to" + parare "make ready".

Dastgâh "any manufacturing instrument, a loom; ustensils".