An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
Mach wave
  موج ِ ماخ   
mowj-e Mach

Fr.: onde de Mach   

The envelope of wave fronts created by a → supersonic source.

Mach number; → wave.

Mach's principle
  پروز ِ ماخ   
parvaz-e Mach

Fr.: principe de Mach   

The local → inertial frame and the → inertia of any body results from the distribution of all matter in the Universe. This principle has been neither confirmed nor refuted.

Mach number; → number.

machine
  ماشین   
mâšin (#)

Fr.: machine   

1) An apparatus consisting of interrelated parts with separate functions, used in the performance of some kind of work.
2) A device that transmits or modifies force or motion.

From M.Fr. machine "device, contrivance," from L. machina "machine, fabric, device, trick," from Doric Gk. makhana, Attic Gk. mekhane "device, means," related to mekhos "means, expedient," from PIE *maghana- "that which enables," from base *magh- "to be able, have power" (cf. O.C.S. mogo "be able," O.E. mæg "I can").

Mâšin, loanword from Fr.

MACHO
  مچو   
MACHO

Fr.: MACHO   

A collective term for objects that reside in the → halo of a galaxy (in particular → brown dwarfs) and which do not emit enough radiation to be detected from Earth. MACHOs can be spotted using the technique of → microlensing.

Acronym from Massive Astrophysical Compact Halo Objects.

Maclaurin series
  سری ِ مک‌لورن   
seri-ye Maclaurin

Fr.: série de Maclaurin   

A → Taylor series that is expanded about the reference point zero.

Named after Colin Maclaurin (1698-1746), a Scottish mathematician.

macro-
  درشت-   
dorošt- (#)

Fr.: macro-   

A combining form meaning "large, long, great, excessive," used in the formation of compound words; opposite of → micro-.

From Gk. makros "long, large," from PIE base *mak-/*mek- "long, thin" (cf. L. macer "lean, thin;" O.N. magr, O.E. mæger "lean, thin").

Dorošt "large; rough, fierce," from Mid.Pers. društ "harsh, coarse;" O.Pers. darš- "to dare," daršam (adv.) "mightily;" Av. darš- "to dare," darši-, daršita- "bold, strong;" cf. Skt. dhars- "to be bold, courageous, to attack," dhrsita- "bold, daring;" Gk. thrasys "bold;" O.E. durran; E. dare.

macrocosm
  درشت‌کیهان   
dorošt-keyhân

Fr.: macrocosme   

The great world or Universe; the Universe considered as a whole (opposed to → microcosm).
A representation of a smaller unit or entity by a larger one, presumably of a similar structure.

macro-; → cosmos.

macronova
  درشت-نووا، درشت-نو‌اختر   
dorošt-novâ, dorošt-now-axtar

Fr.: macronova   

A stellar → explosion with energies between those of a → nova and a → supernova and observationally distinguished by being brighter than a typical nova (MV ~ -8 mag) but fainter than a typical supernova (MV ~ -19 mag) (Kulkarni 2005; arXiv:astro-ph/0510256).

macro-; → nova.

macroscopic
  درشت‌بینیک   
dorošt-binik

Fr.: macroscopique   

Of or relating to scales large enough to be visible to the naked eye or under low order of magnification. Compare → microscopic. → microscopic state.

macro-; → -scope + → -ic.

macroscopic state
  درشت-استات، درشت-حالت   
dorošt-estât, dorošt-hâlat

Fr.: état macroscopique   

Same as → macrostate.

macroscopic; → state.

macrostate
  درشت-استات، درشت-حالت   
dorošt-estât, dorošt-hâlat

Fr.: macro-état   

Statistical physics: A state of a physical system that is described in terms of the system's overall or average properties at a macroscopic level (→ temperature, → pressure, → density, → internal energy, etc.). A macrostate will generally consist of many different → microstates. In defining a macrostate we ignore what is going on at the microscopic (atomic/molecular) level. The → probability of a certain macrostate is determined by how many microstates correspond to this macrostate. Therefore, the greater the number of microstates which lead to a particular macrostate, the greater the probability of observing that macrostate. Same as → macroscopic state. See also → entropy, → Boltzmann's entropy formula, → multiplicity.

macro-; → state.

macroturbulence
  درشت‌آشوبناکی   
dorošt-âšubnâki

Fr.: macroturbulence   

The broadening of a star's → spectral lines due to → Doppler shifts from motions of different parts of the star's atmosphere.

macro; → turbulence.

Magellanic
  ماژلانی   
Mâželâni

Fr.: de Magellan, magellanique   

1) Of, relating to, or named from, Ferdinand Magellan (see below).
2) Of or pertaining to characteristic of the → Magellanic Clouds.

Named in honor of Ferdinand Magellan (c. 1480-1521), the Portuguese navigator, who undertook the first voyage around the world. The two Clouds were first described by Magellan's chronicler Pigafetta, after leaving the Strait of Magellan in 1520; → -ic.

Magellanic Bridge
  پل ِ ماژلانی   
pol-e Magellani

Fr.: pont magellanique   

A filament of → neutral hydrogen which connects the → Small Magellanic Cloud and → Large Magellanic Cloud. The Magellanic Bridge appears to result from a → close encounter between these two galaxies some 200 million years ago.

Magellanic; → bridge.

Magellanic Clouds
  ابرهای ِ ماژلان   
Abrhâ-ye Magellan

Fr.: Nuage de Magellan   

Two irregular satellite galaxies of our own Galaxy which are visible from the Southern Hemisphere as misty patches in the night sky. → Large Magellanic Cloud; → Small Magellanic Cloud.

Magellanic; → cloud.

Magellanic spiral galaxy
  کهکشان ِ مارپیچ ِ ماژلانی   
kakhešân-e mârpic-e Mâželâni

Fr.: galaxie spirale magellanique   

A class of low-mass galaxies with relatively rare features. In particular, these galaxies are characterized by a → stellar bar whose center is displaced from that of the disk and a one-armed spiral. The → Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is considered the prototype of this class of objects. However, despite a wealth of data, there is still a good deal of uncertainty concerning the nature of the LMC's bar. The majority of the observed Magellanic spirals in the nearby Universe share the LMC's structure, in particular the evidence of an offset bar and a one-armed spiral structure. A good example of these systems is NGC 3906, which shows evidence of the bar offset from the photometric center of the galaxy by 1.2 kpc (Pardy et al., 2016, ApJ 827, 149).

Magellanic; → spiral; → galaxy.

Magellanic Stream
  رابه‌ی ِ ماژلانی   
râbe-ye Magellani

Fr.: courant magellanique   

A thin trail of gas stretching from the → Magellanic System toward our own Galaxy over about 150° on the sky, corresponding to hundreds of thousands of light-years. This gas consists primarily of → neutral hydrogen and is thought to have originated from the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds as a result of tidal interactions with the Milky Way. See, e.g., Fox et al. 2013, arxiv/1304.4240, and references therein.

Magellanic; → stream.

Magellanic System
  راژمان ِ ماژلانی   
râžmân-e Magellani

Fr.: système magellanique   

A system consisting of the → Magellanic Clouds, the → Magellanic Bridge, and the → Magellanic stream.

Magellanic Clouds; → system.

Magellanic type galaxy
  کهکشان ِ گونه‌ی ِ ماژلانی   
kahkešân-e gune-ye Magellani

Fr.: galaxie de type magellanique   

A → metal-poor, → irregular galaxy like the → Large Magellanic Cloud or the → Small Magellanic Cloud. Other examples are: NGC 4449, NGC 4214, and NGC 3109.

Magellanic; → type; → galaxy.

magic
  ۱) جادو؛ ۲) جادوانه   
1) jâdu; 2) jâduâné

Fr.: magique   

1a) The power of apparently influencing events by using mysterious or supernatural forces.
1b) Mysterious tricks, such as making things disappear and reappear, performed as entertainment.
2) Having or apparently having supernatural powers (OxfordDictionaries.com)

M.E. magik(e) "witchcraft," from O.Fr. magique "magic, magical," from L.L. magice "sorcery, magic," from Gk. magike (tekhne "art"), from magos "one of the members of the learned and priestly class," from O.Pers. magu-, possibly from PIE root *magh- "to be able, have power."

Mid.Pers. yâtûk "wizard, sorcerer;" Av. yātu-

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