An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
methanol maser
  میزر ِ متانول   
meyzer-e metânol

Fr.: maser méthanol   

A maser source in which excited methanol molecules (CH3OH) produce → maser emission. Methanol masers are signposts of the early stages of star formation, many being associated with sources that have not developed an → H II region. There are more than 20 different methanol transitions that have been observed. They are divided into two categories: Class I, excited by collisions, and class II, excited by infrared radiation. The most important class I masers are at a frequency of 44.1 GHz, while he most important class II masers are at a frequency of 6.7 GHz.

methanol; → maser.

method
  روش   
raveš (#)

Fr.: méthode   

A manner or mode of procedure, especially an orderly, logical, or systematic way of instruction, inquiry, investigation, experiment, and so on.

From M.Fr. méthode, from L. methodus "way of teaching or going," from Gk. methodus "scientific inquiry, method of inquiry," originally "following after," from → meta- "after" + hodos "way."

Raveš "mthod," originally "going, walking," from row "going," present stem of raftan "to go, walk;" Mid.Pers. raftan, raw-, Proto-Iranian *rab/f- "to go; to attack" + -eš a suffix of verbal nouns.

method of least squares
  روش ِ کمترین چاروش‌ها   
raveš-e kamtarin cârušhâ

Fr.: méthode des moindres carrés   

A method of fitting a curve to data points so as to minimize the sum of the squares of the distances of the points from the curve.

method; → least squares.

method of small perturbations
  روش ِ پرتورش‌های ِ کوچک   
raveš-e parturešhâ-ye kucak

Fr.: méthode des petites perturbations   

The linearization of the appropriate equations governing a system by the assumption of a steady state, with departures from that steady state limited to small perturbations. Also called perturbation method.

method; → small; → perturbation.

method of successive approximations
  روش ِ نزدینش‌های ِ پیاپی   
raveš-e nazdinešhâ-ye payâpey

Fr.: méthode d'approximations successives   

The solution of an equation or by proceeding from an initial approximation to a series of repeated trial solutions, each depending upon the immediately preceding approximation, in such a manner that the discrepancy between the newest estimated solution and the true solution is systematically reduced.

method; → successive; → approximation.

Methuselah star
  ستاره‌ی ِ متوشالح   
setâre-ye Matušâleh

Fr.: étoile Mathusalem   

HD 140283.

Name given to → HD 140283 by the popular press due to its very old age. Methuselah is a biblical patriarch supposed to have lived 969 years (Genesis 5:21-27). The name Methuselah, or the phrase "old as Methuselah," is commonly used to refer to any living thing reaching great age.

methyl
  متیل   
metil

Fr.: méthyle   

A → methane molecule lacking one → hydrogen atom: CH3. → methyl chloride.

Back formation from Fr. méthylène, → methylene.

methyl chloride
  کلرور ِ متیل   
klorur-e metil

Fr.: chlorure de méthyle   

A → chemical compound (CH3Cl), which is the most abundant → organohalogen in the Earth's atmosphere. It has both natural and synthetic origins. Also called chloromethane. Low levels of methyl chloride occur naturally in the environment. Methyl chloride is formed in the oceans by natural processes (e.g., marine phytoplankton) and from biomass burning in grasslands and forested areas (e.g., forest fires); it has been detected at low levels in air all over the world. Other sources of exposure to methyl chloride include cigarette smoke, polystyrene insulation, and aerosol propellants; home burning of wood, coal, or certain plastics. High levels may occur at chemical plants where it is made or used. Acute (short-term) exposure to high concentrations of methyl chloride in humans has caused severe neurological effects. Methyl chloride has also caused effects on the heart rate, blood pressure, liver, and kidneys in humans (United States Environmental Agency, EPA).

methyl; → chloride.

Metis
  متیس   
Metis

Fr.: Métis   

The innermost moon of → Jupiter. Also known as Jupiter XVI. It was discovered in 1979 in images taken by Voyager 1. Its mass is about 3.6 × 1016 kg and its dimensions 60 × 40 × 34 km. Its mean distance from Jupiter is 128 000 km and its → orbital period is 0.29 Earth days, which is faster than Jupiter's rotation period. Metis is one of the → Shepherd moons of Jupiter.

Named in 1983 after the first wife of Zeus.

Metonic cycle
  چرخه‌ی ِ متون   
carxe-ye Meton

Fr.: cycle de Méton   

A time interval lasting 235 → lunations, or about 19 → tropical years (235 = 19 x 12 + 7), after which → lunar phases recur on the same days of the year.

Named after Meton of Athens, a Gk. mathematician, astronomer, geometer, and engineer who used it in 432 B.C., but it was known to the Babylonians by around 500 B.C. and to the Chinese around 600 B.C.; → cycle.

metric
  ۱، ۲) متریک؛ ۳) متری   
1), 2) metrik (#); 3) metri (#)

Fr.: métrique   

1) A mathematical → expression consisting of an → array of → components which are needed for calculating → infinitesimally small → distances between two → points in some geometrical → space. More simply put, the → function used to define a distance between two points in a → metric space. Also called → distance function.
2) In → general relativity the metric describes the → space-time geometry and gives the interval between two neighboring → events.
3) Pertaining to the meter or to the → metric system.

From → meter + → -ic.

metric prefix
  پیشوند ِ متری   
pišvand-e metri

Fr.: préfixe du système international d'unités   

Any of the suffixes adopted by the International System of Units (→ SI units).
For numbers larger than 1: → deca- (101), → hecto- (102), → kilo- (103), → mega- (106), → giga- (109), → tera- (1012), → peta- (1015), → exa- (1018), → zetta- (1021), and → yotta- (1024) .
For numbers smaller than 1: → deci- (10-1), → centi- (10-2), → milli- (10-3), → micro- (10-6), → nano- (10-9), → pico- (10-12), → femto- (10-15), → atto- (10-18), → zepto- (10-21), and → yocto- (10-24).

metric; → prefix.

metric space
  فضای ِ متریک   
fazâ-ye metrik

Fr.: espace métrique   

An set of points such that the distance between every pair of points is defined by a → distance function with the following properties: 1) the distance from the first point to the second equals zero if and only if the points are the same, 2) the distance from the first point to the second equals the distance from the second to the first, and 3) the sum of the distance from the first point to the second and the distance from the second point to a third exceeds or equals the distance from the first to the third.
In mathematical language, the properties, for a nonempty set X, can be expressed as:
1) d(x,y)≥ 0 and d(x,y) = 0 if and only if x = y.
2) d(x, y) = d(y,x) for all x, y ∈ X.
3) d(x,z)d(x,y) + d(y,z) for all x, y, and z ∈ X. Also called → triangle inequality.

metric; → space.

metric system
  راژمان ِ متری   
râšmân-e metri

Fr.: système métrique   

A standard system of measurement using decimal units, in which the units of length, time, and mass are meter, second, and kilogram respectively.

metric; → system.

metric tensor
  تانسور ِ متریک   
tânsor-e metrik

Fr.: tenseur métrique   

The abstract tensor operation which is computed in a particular → reference frame using the → metric components. The metric tensor defines magnitude and direction of vectors about a point.

metric; → tensor.

metric unit
  یکای ِ متری   
yekâ-ye metri (#)

Fr.: unité métrique   

A physical → measurement unit in the → metric system.

metric; → unit.

metrology
  اندازه‌شناسی   
andâze-šenâsi

Fr.: métrologie   

The science of measurement, embracing both experimental and theoretical determinations at any level of uncertainty in any field of science and technology.

From metro-, a combining form meaning "measure," → meter, + → -logy.

Andâze-šenâsi, from andâzé, → measure, + -šenâsi, → -logy.

MeV
   MeV   
MeV

Fr.: MeV   

Mega (million) → electron volt. A unit of → energy used to describe the total energy carried by a → particle or → photon.

mega- + → electron volt.

MHD condition
  بوتار ِ MHD   
butâr-e MHD

Fr.: condition MHD   

ideal magnetohydrodynamics.

magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); → condition.

mho
     
mho

Fr.: mho   

An older name for the unit of electrical → conductance, which is defined to be the reciprocal of the → ohm. It is now replaced by the → siemens.

Ohm spelt backward.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>