An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
molar concentration
  دبزش ِ مولی   
dabzeš-e moli

Fr.: concentration molaire   

Of a gas included in the composition of a → gas mixture, the ratio of the number of moles of this gas to the total number of moles of all the gases in the mixture. Same as mole fraction and mole-fraction concentration.

molar; → concentration.

molar heat capacity
  گنجایش ِ گرمایی ِ مولی   
gonjâyeš-e garmâyi-ye moli

Fr.: capacité thermique molaire   

The → heat capacity of one → mole of substance: Cμ = μ C, where μ is the → molecular weight and C the → specific heat capacity. The molar heat capacity of water is practically 18 cal/mole.C°.

Molar, adj. of → mole; → heat; → capacity.

molar heat of vaporization
  گرمای ِ بخارش ِ مولی   
garmâ-ye boxâreš-e moli

Fr.: chaleur de vaporisation molaire   

The amount of heat energy required to vaporize 1 mole of a liquid at its → boiling point, usually expressed in kJ/mol.

molar; → heat; → vaporization.

mole
  مول، ملکول-گرم، اتم-گرم   
mol, molekul-geram, atom-geram

Fr.: mole   

The → SI unit of amount of → substance; symbol mol. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the → Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol-1.

From Ger. Mole, short for Molekül, from Fr. → molecule.

molecular
  مولکولی   
molekuli (#)

Fr.: moléculaire   

Of or pertaining to or caused by molecules.

From → molecule + -ar variant of the adjective-forming suffix → -al, joined to words in which an l precedes the suffix.

Molekuli, from molekulmolecule + -i adj. suffix.

molecular band
  باند ِ مولکولی   
bând-e molekuli (#)

Fr.: bande moléculaire   

A band of molecular origin present in a spectrum. See for example → cyanogen band, → S star.

molecular; → band.

molecular cloud
  ابر ِ مولکولی   
abr-e molekuli (#)

Fr.: nuage moléculaire   

A relatively dense, cold region of interstellar matter where the atoms are primarily bound together as molecules rather than free atoms or ionized particles. Molecular clouds represent the coldest and densest phase of the → interstellar medium. They consist primarily of → molecular hydrogen (H2), with temperatures in the range 10-100 K. Molecular hydrogen is not directly observable under most conditions in molecular clouds. Therefore, almost all current knowledge about the properties of molecular clouds has been deduced from observations of molecules such as → carbon monoxide (CO), which have strong emission lines mainly in the → millimeter portion of the → electromagnetic spectrum. So far 129 molecular species have been detected in molecular clouds, among which complex organic molecules. → Dust grains in molecular clouds play a crucial role in the formation of molecules. Molecular clouds are the principal sites where stars form. → giant molecular cloud; → Orion molecular cloud.

molecular; → cloud.

molecular clump
  گوده‌ی ِ مولکولی   
gude-ye molekuli

Fr.: grumeau moléculaire   

One of many compact and dense sub-structures in a → molecular cloud. Their typical sizes are about 0.5-10 → parsecs and their masses range from about 50 to 103 → solar masses. The gas temperatures are about 10-20 K, and the number densities from about 103 to 104 cm-3.

molecular; → clump.

molecular diffusion
  پخش ِ مولکولی   
paxš-e molekuli

Fr.: diffusion moléculaire   

A mixing process in a → fluid caused by the → random relative motions due to → Brownian motion of the individual particles. See also → eddy diffusion.

molecular; → diffusion.

molecular emission
  گسیل ِ مولکولی   
gosil-e molekuli

Fr.: émission moléculaire   

An → electromagnetic radiation emitted by → interstellar molecules through → transitions between → energy states of → molecules.

molecular; → emission.

molecular formula
  دیسول ِ مولکولی   
disul-e molekuli

Fr.: formule moléculaire   

The formula of a chemical compound, showing the kind and arrangement of atoms.

molecular; → formula.

molecular hydrogen
  هیدروژن ِ مولکولی   
hdirožen-e molekuli (#)

Fr.: hydrogène moléculaire   

A molecule consisting of two hydrogen atoms (H2) which is the most abundant molecule in the Universe. Molecular hydrogen plays a fundamental role in many astrophysical contexts. It is found in all regions where → self-shielding against the ultraviolet photons, responsible for its → photodissociation, is sufficiently large. Containing two identical hydrogen atoms, H2 is highly symmetric. Due to this property, the molecule has no → dipole moment and all → rotation-vibrational transitions within the electronic → ground state are → quadrupolar with low → spontaneous emission  → Einstein coefficient values. The molecule exists in two almost independent states, namely → orthohydrogen and → parahydrogen. H2 may be excited through several mechanisms, including: 1) → far ultraviolet (FUV) induced → optical pumping and → collisional excitation in → photodissociation regions (PDRs) associated with → star formation; 2) → hard X-rays penetrating and heating regions within → molecular clouds, which in turn excite H2 via collisions with electrons or hydrogen atoms; and 3) collisional excitation of H2 due to acceleration produced by interstellar → shock waves. H2 is thought to be chiefly produced via surface reactions on → interstellar grains, but the exact formation mechanism is not fully understood.

molecular; → hydrogen.

molecular outflow
  اُستچان ِ مولکولی   
ostacân-e molekuli

Fr.: flot moléculaire   

An outflow of molecular material, often → bipolar, observed in the regions of → star formation. Molecular outflows are thought to be driven by → bipolar jets from → protostars. They are probably → bow shocks which have had time to cool and be observable in molecular lines. Molecular outflows are poorly → collimated compared to the jets and tend to be slow moving (velocities 10-20 km s-1). Some bipolar outflows may be driven by → stellar winds.

molecular; → outflow.

molecular polarizability
  قطبش‌پذیری ِ مولکولی   
qotbeš-paziri molekuli

Fr.: polarisabilité moléculaire   

The ability of a molecular entity to be distorted from its normal shape by an external → electric field. When a molecule is subjected to an electric field there is a small displacement of electrical centers which induces a dipole in the molecule. More specifically, the molecular polarizability α is defined as the ratio of the induced → dipole moment (p) to the local electric field (E) that produces this dipole moment: α = p/E (in cgse units).

molecular; → polaizable; → -ity.

molecular proposition
  گزاره‌ی ِ مولکولی   
gozâre-ye molekuli

Fr.: proposition moléculaire   

In → propositional logic, a → sentence containing at least one → connectives. See also → atomic proposition.

atomic; → proposition.

molecular vibration
  شیوش ِ مولکولی   
šiveš-e molekuli

Fr.: vibration moléculaire   

The dynamical motion of chemically bound atoms which constantly change their position with each other. The vibration of molecules is treated within → quantum theory. Therefore, the energy of molecular vibration can only take → discrete values. To a first approximation, molecular vibrations can be approximated as → simple harmonic oscillator assigned to each mode.

molecular; → vibration.

molecular weight
  وزن ِ مولکولی   
vazn-e molekuli (#)

Fr.: poids moléculaire   

The sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule.

molecular; → weight.

molecule
  مولکول   
molekul (#)

Fr.: molécule   

The smallest unit of a chemical compound. A molecule consist of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

From Fr. moléclue, from Mod.L.molecula, diminutive of L. moles "mass, massive structure, barrier;" → -ula

MOLsphere
  مول-سپهر   
MOLsepehr

Fr.: MOLsphère   

A hypothetical, large molecular sphere, as a component of the → stellar atmosphere, suggested to encompass → red giant and → supergiant stars. This suggestion has offered satisfactory explanations to the spectrum of → Mu Cephei (Tsuji 2003), but it is not clear whether MOLspheres are common features of the atmospheres of all such stars.

MOL, from → molecular; → sphere.

moment
  ۱، ۲) گشتاور؛ ۳) دم   
1, 2) gaštâvar (#); 3) dam (#)

Fr.: moment   

1) Physics: An expression involving the → product a → quantity, such as → force or → mass, and its perpendicular → distance from a reference point, such as → moment of force (or → torque), → moment of inertia, → moment of momentum.
2) Statistics: For a → random variable X, its nth moment about the mean is the expected value of the nth power of X, where n is a positive integer. The nth moment of the deviation of X from the mean is called the nth central moment. The first moment is the → mean, the second central moment is the → variance.
3) A short indefinite period of time.

From O.Fr. moment, from L. momentum "movement, moving power," also "instant, importance," contraction of *movimentum, from movere, → move.

Gaštâvar literally "that which makes turn, turning agent," from gašt "turning," past stem of gaštan, gardidan "to turn, to change" (Mid.Pers. vartitan; Av. varət- "to turn, revolve;" Skt. vrt- "to turn, roll," vartate "it turns round, rolls;" L. vertere "to turn;" O.H.G. werden "to become;" PIE base *wer- "to turn, bend") + âvar agent noun of âvardan "to bring; to cause, produce" (Mid.Pers. âwurtan, âvaritan; Av. ābar- "to bring; to possess," from prefix ā- + Av./O.Pers. bar- "to bear, carry," bareθre "to bear (infinitive)," bareθri "a female that bears (children), a mother;" Mod.Pers. bordan "to carry;" Skt. bharati "he carries;" Gk. pherein; L. fero "to carry").
Dam, "breath; moment; time," from Mod./Mid.Pers. damidan "to breathe, blow;" Av. dāδmainya- "blowing up," Skt. dahm- "to blow," dhámati "blows," Gk. themeros "austere, dark-looking," Lith. dumti "to blow," PIE dhem-/dhemə- "to smoke, to blow".

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>