An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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multiplication
  بستایش   
bastâyeš

Fr.: multiplication   

In general, the process of repeatedly adding a quantity to itself a certain number of times, or any other process which has the same result.

Verbal noun of → multiply.

multiplication sign
  نشانه‌ی ِ بستایش   
nešâne-ye bastâyeš

Fr.: croix de multiplication   

The sign used to indicate multiplication, either a times sign (×), a centered dot (·), or an asterisk. The multiplication sign was introduced by William Oughtred in 1631.

multiplication; → sign.

multiplicative
  بستایشی   
bastâyeši

Fr.: multiplicatif   

Involving → multiplication.

From multiplicate, → multiply, + → -ive.

multiplicative identity
  ایدانی ِ بستایشی   
idâni-ye bastâyeši

Fr.: identité multiplicative   

The number which when used as the multiplier of another number leaves the second unchanged; one.

multiplicative; → identity.

multiplicative inverse
  وارون ِ بستایشی   
vârun-e bastâyeši

Fr.: inverse multiplicative   

The number which when used as a multiplier of another number (except 0) produces 1. For example (1/5) x 5 = 1; each of the numbers is the multiplicative inverse of the other.

multiplicative; → inverse.

multiplicity
  بستاییگی   
bastâyigi

Fr.: multiplicité   

1) The state of being multiple, made of several components.
2) In atomic and nuclear physics, the number of → levels into which the energy of an atom, molecule, or nucleus splits as a result of → Russell-Saunders coupling between → orbital angular momentum and → spin angular momentum. It is given by 2S+1, where S is the total electron → spin quantum number. The multiplicity of an energy level is indicated by a left superscript to the value of L, where L is the resultant electron orbital angular momentum of the individual electron orbital angular momenta.
3) In → statistical mechanics, the number of → microstates corresponding to a given → macrostate.

multiple; → -ity.

multiplier
  بستاگر   
bastâgar

Fr.: multiplicateur   

Arithmetic: A number by which another is multiplied. Physics: A device for intensifying some effect.

Agent noun of → multiply.

multiply
  بستاییدن   
bastâyidan

Fr.: multiplier   

To make many or manifold; increase the number, quantity, etc., of.
Arithmetic: To find the product of by multiplication.

O.Fr. multiplier, from L. multiplicare "to increase," from multiplex (gen. multiplicis) "having many folds, many times as great in number," from multi- "many" + base of plicare "to lay, fold, twist."

Bastâyidan, from bastâ, → multiple, + -idan infinitive suffix.

multipole
  بس‌قطبه   
basqotbé

Fr.: multipôle   

An entity consisting of several poles.

multi-; → pole.

multipole index
  دیشن ِ بس‌قطبه   
dišan-e basqotbé

Fr.: indice multipolaire   

A variable used in → spherical harmonic expansions. Each spherical harmonic is characterized by its multipole index l: l = 0 for a → monopole, l = 1 for a → dipole, and so on. It is used in particular to describe the → cosmic microwave background anisotropy: ΔT/T0 (θ,φ) = Σ almYlm(θ,φ), where θ and φ are the → spherical polar coordinates, Ylm is the → spherical harmonic functions, and the sum runs over l = 1, 2, ..., ∞ and m = -l, ..., l, where the multipole index l corresponds to angular scales ≅ 180°/l.

multipole; → index.

multipole moment
  گشتاور ِ بس‌قطبه   
gaštâvar-e basqotbé

Fr.: moment multipolaire   

The quantity that gives the electric potential field due to a distribution of charges, such as a → dipole, → quadrupole, → octupole, etc. A multipole moment usually involves powers of the distance to the origin, as well as some angular dependence.

multi-; → pole; → moment.

multitude
  بسینه   
basiné

Fr.: multitude   

1) A great number.
2) A great number of people gathered together; crowd; throng.
3) The state or character of being many; numerousness.

M.E., from O.Fr. multitude and directly from L. multitudo "a great number, a crowd; the common people," from multus "many, much," → multi-, + suffix -tudo "-tude."

Basiné, from basin + superlative of bas "many, much," → multi-, + suffix -in + noun/nuance suffix (as bišiné, kaminé, etc.).

multivariate
  بسورتا   
basvartâ

Fr.: multivarié   

Statistics: Having more than one → variable.

multi-; → variate.

multivariate time series
  سری ِ زمانی ِ بسورتا   
seri-ye zamâni-ye basvartâ

Fr.: série temporelle multivariée   

A → time series consisting of two or more → univariate time series which share the same time period. As an example, if we record wind velocity and wind direction at the same instant of time, we have a multi-variate time series, specifically a bivariate one.

multivariate; → time; → series.

multiverse
  گیتی‌گان   
gitigân

Fr.: multivers   

A → hypothetical set of → multiple universes, including our → Universe, that together comprise all of physical reality.

Initially coined by William James (1895) "an alternative to universe meant to convey absence of order and unity." In modern cosmology coined from -verse in → universe, by replacing uni- with multi- to denote "multiple universes."

Gitigân, from giti, → universe, + -gân multiplicity suffix.

multiwire proportional chamber
  اتاقک ِ بسیار-سیم ِ برپارشی   
otâqak-e besyâr-sim-e barpâreši

Fr.: chambre proportionnelle multifils   

Same as → Charpak's detector.

multi-; → wire; → proportional; → chamber.

muon
  موءون   
muon (#)

Fr.: muon   

A short-lived → elementary particle with negative → electric charge, represented by the symbol μ-. The muon was discovered in 1936 by Carl Anderson (1905-1991) in → cosmic rays. It shares several properties with the electron: it is a → lepton with the same charge and → spin as the electron. But it is heavier than the electron (105 MeV/c2), about 200 times more massive. The muon is instable and decays after 2.197 × 10-6 s into → electron, → neutrino, and → antineutrino-e- + νμ + anti νe) .

A shortening of mu meson, from mu the 12th letter of the Gk. alphabet, + → meson.

muon telescope
  تلسکوپ ِ موءونی   
teleskop-e muoni

Fr.: télescope muonique   

An → instrument used in → geophysics to determine the average → density of geological bodies by measuring the → attenuation produced by → rocks on the flux of → atmospheric muons. This density muon → radiography is or example used to study the physical conditions inside → volcanoes.

muon; → telescope.

mural
  دیواری   
divâri (#)

Fr.: mural   

Of, relating to, or resembling a wall.

From M.Fr. muraille, from L. muralia, neut. pl. o f muralis "of a wall," from murus "wall."

Divâri "of a wall," from divâr "wall," from Mid.Pers. dîvâr "wall;" related to Mid.Pers. bâr, var "enclosure, defences, fortress;" Mod.Pers. bâru "wall, rampart, fortification; fort; tower;" O.Pers. didā- "wall, stronghold, fortress;" Av. var- "castle," from var- "to cover, conceil;" Proto-Iranian *dida-vāra-; cf. Skt. dehī- "wall;" Gk. teikhos "wall;" E. dike, ditch.

mural instrument
  سازال ِ دیواری   
sâzâl-e divâri

Fr.: instrument mural   

An angle measuring device mounted on or built into a wall. For astronomical purposes, these walls were oriented so they lie precisely on a meridian.

mural; → instrument.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>