An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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mural quadrant
  چارَکان ِ دیواری   
cârakân-e divâri (#)

Fr.: quadrant mural   

A → mural instrument used to determine stellar positions. The quadrant consisted of a wall supporting a 90° graduated arc carefully oriented to the meridian. By means of a movable arm equipped with a sight, the altitude of a star could be determined at meridian passage.

mural; → quadrant.

murder
  ۱) غنه؛ غنه کردن، آغندن   
1) qané; 2) qané kardan, âqandan

Fr.: 1) meurtre; 2) assassiner   

1) The crime of unlawfully killing a person especially with malice aforethought.
2) To kill (a human being) unlawfully and with premeditated malice (Merriam-Webster).

M.E., from O.E. morðor "secret killing of a person, unlawful killing;" cf. O.Sax. morth, O.Fris. morth, O.Nor. morð, M.Du. moort, Du. moord, Ger. Mord "murder;" akin to Pers. mordan, marg, → death.

Qané, from Av. -γna- "slaying, strike;" Skt. ghana- "slaying;" Gk. phonos "murder;" Proto-Ir. *gan- "to strike to;" (Zazaki Kor) gin- "to strike, hit;" Ossetic (I.) qæn, (D.) ænæ "wound, fracture," also (D.) "guilt, transgression;" PIE *gwhono- "slaying."

murderer
  غنه‌کار   
qanekâr

Fr.: meurtrier, assassin   

One who murders; especially : one who commits the crime of murder (Merriam-Webster).

murder; → -er.

murderous
  غنه‌ناک   
qanenâk

Fr.: meurtrier   

Having the purpose or capability of murder. Characterized by or causing murder or bloodshed (Merriam-Webster).

murder; → -ous.

Musca
  مگس   
Magas (#)

Fr.: Mouche   

The Fly. A minor constellation in the south → circumpolar region, lying south of → Crux, at 13h right ascension, 70° south declination. Its brightest star is of magnitude 2.7. Abbreviation: Mus; genitive: Muscae.

L. musca "fly" (Fr. mouche); Gk. muia "fly;" O.H.G. mucka "mosquito;" from PIE base *mu-.

Magas "a fly" (dialectal Aftari maqes; Tabari maqez, mahaz, maxši; Kurd. mêš, megez); Mid.Pers. magas, maxs "fly;" Av. maxši- "fly, mosquito;" cf. Skt. maśáka-, maks- "fly, mosquito;" PIE base *mako-.

muscle
  ماهیچه   
mâhice (#)

Fr.: muscle   

1) A tissue composed of bundles of elongated cells capable of contraction and relaxation to produce movement in an organ or part.
2) An organ composed of muscle tissue (TheFreeDictionary.com).

From M.Fr. muscle "muscle, sinew" and directly from L. musculus "a muscle," literally "little mouse," diminutive of mus "mouse;" → -ule. So called because the shape and movement of some muscles (notably biceps) were thought to resemble mice.

Mâhice, literally "small fish, fish form," because of apparent resemblance of some muscles to fish, from mâhi, → fish, + -ce diminutive/similarity suffix; variant mâyce.

mutation
  موتش   
muteš

Fr.: mutation   

A sudden, random change in the genetic material of a cell. → commute.

From L. mutationem (nominative mutatio) "a changing," from mutatus, p.p. of mutare "to change," from PIE base *mei- "to change, go, move;" cf. Av. miθô "inverted, false," miθaoxta- "wrong spoken;" Skt. methati "changes, alternates, joins, meets," mith- "to alternate, meet," mithás "opposite, in opposition;" L. meare "to go, pass," mutuus "done in exchange;" Goth. maidjan "to change;" E. prefix mis- (in mistake).

Muteš, verbal noun of mutidan, from L. mutare, cognate with Av. miθô, as above, + -idan infinitive suffix.

mute
  ۱) خب؛ ۲) خباندن   
1) xab; 2) xabândan

Fr.: 1) muet; 2) couper le son   

1a) Silent; refraining from speech or utterance.
1b) Not emitting or having sound of any kind.
2a) To turn off (a microphone, a speaker, or audio.
2b) To muffle, reduce, or eliminate the sound of (Dictionary.com).

M.E. muet, mewet, muwet, from O.Fr. müet, muet "dumb, mute," from L. mutus "silent, dumb," ultimately from PIE imitative base *meue-; cf. Skt. mûka- "dumb;" Gk. mukos, mutis "dumb," myein "to be shut" (of the mouth); Iranian Khotanese mutä "dumb."

Xab, from Pers. xab "silent, mute," variants xape, xafe, xabak, xabâk "choked, strangled."

mutism
  خبوری   
xaburi

Fr.: mutisme   

An inability to speak, due to a physical defect, conscious refusal, or psychogenic inhibition (Dictionary.com).

mute; → -ism.

Xabur, from xab, → mute, + -ur a possession suffix (as in ranjur, ganjur) variant of -var.

mutual
  دوسویه   
dosuyé (#)

Fr.: mutuel   

Possessed, experienced, performed, etc., by each of two or more with respect to the other; reciprocal.

M.E., from M.Fr. mutuel, from L. mutu(us) "reciprocal, done in exchange," from PIE base *mei- "to change," → mutation.

Dosuyé from do, → two, + su "side, direction," from Mid.Pers. sôk "direction, side" + nuance suffix .

mutually exclusive
  دوسویه سکلاننده   
dosuyé sokolânandé

Fr.: mutuellement exclusif   

In → probability theory, of or pertaining to two → events A and B, if they cannot occur together, i.e. the occurrence of one precludes the occurrence of the other: A ∩ B = 0.

mutual; → -ly; → exclusive.

myo-
  مای-   
mây-

Fr.: myo-   

A prefix meaning "muscle," as in myocardium. Also, especially before a vowel, my-.

From Gk. mys, → muscle, literally "mouse."

Mây-, from mây, variant of mâhice, → muscle, in dialects (e.g. Musâ-Âbâdi, near Šahrezâ, Esfahân).

myopia
  نزدیک‌بینی   
nazdikbini (#)

Fr.: myopie   

A vision defect commonly referred to as nearsightedness. The defective condition results when the image of a distant object is focused in front of the retina by the relaxed eye. It can be corrected by introducing a negative lens in front of the eye.

L., from Gk. myopia "near-sightedness," from myops "near-sighted," from myein "to shut" + ops (genitive opos) "eye."

Nazdikbini, noun from nazdikbin "near-sighted," from nazdik "near," from nazd "near" + -ik, → -ic (Mid.Pers. nazd, nazdik; Av. nas- "to come near, approach, reach," nazdišta- "nearest, next," nazdyo "nearer to;" cf. Skt. nas- "to approach, to reach") + bin "to see; seer" (present stem of didan; Mid.Pers. wyn-; O.Pers. vain- "to see;" Av. vaēn- "to see;" Skt. veda "I know;" Gk. oida "I know," idein "to see;" L. videre "to see;" PIE base *weid- "to know, to see").

mysterious
  شارده‌ناک   
šârdenâk

Fr.: mystérieux   

1) Full of, characterized by, or involving mystery.
2) Implying or suggesting a mystery (Dictionary.com).

mystery; → -ous.

mystery
  ۱) شارده؛ ۲) شارده‌ناک   
1) šârdé; 2) šârdenâk

Fr.: mystère   

1) Anything that is kept → secret or remains unexplained or unknown.
2) Obscure, puzzling, or → mysterious quality or character (Dictionary.com).

M.E. mysterie, from L. mysterium "secret rite, secret worship; a secret thing," from Gk. mysterion "secret rite or doctrine," from mystes "one who has been initiated," from myein "to close, shut."

Šârdé, from Laki šârd "concealed, hidden, secret," âšârden "to hide, conceal;" cf. Kurd. hašâr, hâšâr "hidden, concealed," šârdinawa, šârây "to hide," Kâzeruni ker "hidden," Av. sar- "shelter;" Proto-Ir. *sar- "to conceal, hide;" Skt. śárman- "cover, protection;" L. celare "to conceal from view;" Goth. huljan "to cover, conceal;" O.H.G. helan "to hide;" E. helmet; PIE *kel- "to conceal, hide, cover."

mystic
  ۱) شارده‌آمیز، شارده‌گین؛ ۲) شارده‌ورز، شارده‌باور   
1) šârdeâmiz, šârdegin; 2) šârdevarz, šârde-bâvar

Fr.: mystique   

1a) Involving or characterized by esoteric, otherworldly, or symbolic practices or content, as certain religious ceremonies and art; spiritually significant; ethereal.
1b) Of the nature of or pertaining to mysteries known only to the initiated.
1c) Of occult character, power, or significance.
2a) A person who claims to attain, or believes in the possibility of attaining, insight into mysteries transcending ordinary human knowledge, as by direct communication with the divine or immediate intuition in a state of spiritual ecstasy.
2b) A person initiated into religious mysteries (Dictionary.com).

M.E. mystik, from O.Fr. mistique "mysterious, full of mystery," from L. mysticus, from Gk. mystikos "secret, mystic, connected with the mysteries," from mystes "an initiate into the mysteries," + -ikos, → -ic.

mysticism
  شارده‌ورزی، شارده‌باوری   
šârdevarzi, šârdebâvari

Fr.: mysticisme   

1) The beliefs, ideas, or mode of thought of mystics.
2) A doctrine of an immediate spiritual intuition of truths believed to transcend ordinary understanding, or of a direct, intimate union of the soul with God through contemplation or ecstasy.
3) Obscure thought or speculation (Dictionary.com).

mystic; → -ism.

mystification
  شاردش   
šârdeš

Fr.: mystification   

The act of mystifying or the condition of being mystified.

mystify; → -tion.

mystify
  شاردیدن   
šârdidan

Fr.: mystifier   

1) To confuse, bewilder, or puzzle.
2) To make mysterious or obscure.

From Fr. mystifier, from mysti-, irregular combining form of mystique "mystic" or mystère, "→ mystery" + -fier, → -fy.

myth
  استوره   
osturé (#)

Fr.: mythe   

A traditional or legendary story, usually concerning some being or hero or event, with or without a determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, especially one that is concerned with deities or demigods and explains some practice, rite, or phenomenon of nature (Dictionary.com).

From Fr. mythe and directly from M.L. mythus, from Gk. mythos "speech, thought, story, speech, account," of unknown origin.

Osturé, from Ar. usturat, from Gk. historia, → history.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>