An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
nulling pulsar
  پولسار ِ نولنده   
pulsâr-e nulandé

Fr.: pulsar à phase d'arrêt   

A → pulsar that undergoes → pulse nulling.

null; → -ing; → pulsar.

number
  ۱) عدد، شماره؛ ۲) شمار   
1) adad (#), šomâré (#); 2) šomâr (#)

Fr.: 1) nombre, numéro; 2) numéro   

1) Any real or complex numeral quantity.
2) The sum, total, count, or aggregate of a collection of units.

From M.E. nombre, from O.Fr. nombre, from L. numerus "a number, quantity," from PIE base *nem- "to divide, distribute, allot."

Adad, loan from Ar.
Šomâr, šomâré, noun from šomârdan "to count, reckon, calculate, enumerate, account for," from Mid.Pers. ôšmârtan; Av. base (š)mar- "to have in mind, remember, recall," pati-šmar- "to recall; to long for," hišmar-; cf. Skt. smar- "to remember, become aware," smarati "he remembers;" L. memor, memoria; Gk. mermera "care," merimna "anxious thought, sorrow," martyr "witness."

number density
  چگالی ِ عددی   
cagâli-ye adadi

Fr.: densité nmérique   

Number of a particular type of object found in each unit volume.

number; → density.

number e
  عدد ِ e   
'adad-e e

Fr.: nombre e   

The → base of the → natural logarithm. It is defined as: e = lim (1 + 1/n)n when n→ ∞. For n = 1, e = 2 and for n = 10, e = 2.5937424601, etc. The number e is → irrational (Euler, 1737) and → transcendental (Hermite, 1873).

number;

number pi
  عدد ِ پی   
adad-e pi (π)

Fr.: nombre pi (π)   

Symbol, π, for the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter in Euclidean geometry; a fundamental mathematical constant, equal to 3.14159... π is an → irrational number (Lambert, 1761) and also a → transcendental number (von Lindemann, 1882). The most accurate determination of π prior to the Scientific Revolution belongs to the Iranian mathematician Jamshid Kashani, who gave 16 correct decimal places in A.D. 1424. With the advent of → calculus and more recently the invention of powerful computers, the decimal representation of π has now been computed to more than 1012 digits.

The π notation, representing the first letter of the Gk. word περιμετρον → perimeter, was first used by the British mathematician William Jones (1675-1749) in 1706. Its use was generalized after its adoption by the Swiss mathematician Leonard Euler (1707-1783) in 1737; → number.

number system
  راژمان ِ عددها، ~ عددی   
râžmân-e adadhâ, ~ adadi

Fr.: système de numération   

Same as → numeral system.

number; → system.

number system conversion
  هاگرد ِ راژمان ِ عددی   
hâgard-e râžmân-e adadi

Fr.: conversion de système de numération   

The conversion of a → number system with a given → base to another system with a different base; such as the conversion of a → decimal number (base 10) to a → binary number system (base 2). In order to convert a number into its representation in a different number base, we have to express the number in terms of powers of the other base. For example, to convert the decimal number 100 to base 3, we must figure out how to express 100 as the sum of powers of 3. We proceed as follows:
1: Divide the decimal number to be converted (100) by the value of the new base (3).
2: Get the remainder from Step 1 (that is 1) as the rightmost digit (least significant digit) of new base number.
3: Divide the quotient of the previous divide (33) by the new base.
4: Record the remainder from Step 3 (0) as the next digit (to the left) of the new base number.
Repeat Steps 3 and 4, getting remainders from right to left, until the quotient becomes zero in Step 3 (2 and 0).
The last remainder thus obtained (1) will be the most significant digit of the new base number.
Therefore, 10010 = 102013.
Conversely, to convert from another base to decimal we must:
1: Determine the column (positional) value of each digit.
2: Multiply the obtained column values (in Step 1) by the digits in the corresponding columns.
3: Sum the products calculated in Step 2. The total is the equivalent value in decimal.
For example, the binary number 1100100 is determined by computing the place value of each of the digits of the number:
(1 × 26) + (1 × 25) + (0 × 24) + (0 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (0 × 21) + (0 × 20) = 64 + 32 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 0 = 100.

number; → system; → conversion.

number theory
  نگره‌ی ِ عددها   
negare-ye adadhâ

Fr.: théories des nombres   

The branch of mathematics that studies the relationship between integers and their generalization.

number; → theory.

numeral
  ۱) شمارال؛ ۲) شماره‌ای، عددی   
1) šomârâl; 2) šomâre-yi (#), adadi (#)

Fr.: 1) numéral; 2) numéral, numérique   

1) A symbol, group of symbols, or word used to express a number. For any number there is an infinite number of numeral expressions. For example, the number two can be written as 2, II, binary 10, 4/2, 18/8, etc.
2) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of numbers or numerals.

From L.L. numeralis "of, or belonging to number," → number + → -al

Šomârâl, from šomâr, → number, + -al, → -al.

numeral system
  راژمان ِ عددی، ~ عددها   
râžmân-e adadi, é adadhâ

Fr.: système de numération   

A set of → symbols and → rules for representing → numbers. Same as → number system. See also: → Greek numeral system, → Roman numeral system, → Indian numeral system.

numeral; → system.

numerator
  شماران   
šomârân (#)

Fr.: numérateur   

The quantity x in a fraction x/y). The quantity y is the → denominator.

L.L. numerator "a counter, numberer," from L. numera(re) "to number," → number + -tor a suffix forming personal agent nouns from verbs and, less commonly, from nouns.

Šomârân, agent noun of šomârdan, → number.

numerical
  عددی   
adadi (#)

Fr.: numérique   

Relating to or expressed in numbers.

Adj. of → number.

numerical analysis
  آنالس ِ عددی   
ânâlas-e adadi

Fr.: analyse numérique   

The study of methods for approximation of solutions of various classes of mathematical problems including error analysis.

numerical; → analysis.

numerical modeling
  مدل‌سازی ِ عددی، ترزال‌سازی ِ ~   
modelsâzi-ye adadi (#), tarzâlsâzi-ye ~

Fr.: modélisation numérique   

The prediction of the evolution of a system via numerical construction of approximate solutions to the governing equations.

numerical; → modeling.

numerical simulation
  مانندش ِ عددی، همانندسازی ِ ~   
mânandeš-e adadi, hamânand sâzi-ye ~

Fr.: simulation numérique   

Another name for → numerical modeling.

numerical; → simulation.

Nunki (σ Sagittarii)
  نونکی   
Nunki

Fr.: Nunki   

The second brightest star in the constellation → Sagittarius. It is a blue-white → massive star of → spectral type B2.5 V lying 225 → light-years away.

Unusual name of Babylonian origin, of unknown significance.

nutate
  لنگاردن   
langârdan

Fr.: osciller   

To undergo or show → nutation.

Nutate, back formation from → nutation.

Langârdan, from lang "lame" + ârdan short form of âvardan "to cause or produce; to bring," → production.

nutation
  لنگارش   
langâreš

Fr.: nutation   

1) Mechanics: A wobbling motion of a spinning → rigid body, such as a top, as it → precesses about its vertical axis.
2) Astro.: A slight nodding motion of the Earth's axis of rotation, which has a principal period of 18.6 years. It is primarily caused by lunar → perturbations, and is superimposed on the → precession of the equinoxes and moves the equinox as much as 17'' ahead of or behind its mean position.

Fromm L. nutation-, from nutat(us), p.p. of nutare "to wobble, to sway, to nod repeatedly," from nu "nod" + -ta frequentative suffix + -tus p.p. ending + -ion a suffix denoting action or condition.

Kaltâv, from Kermâni keletow, Malâyeri kallatow "wobbling," from kal, kalleh "head" + tâv, tow, tâb "swing, twist," from tâbidan "to twist, to spin."

nutation in right ascension
  لنگارش ِ راست‌افراز   
langâreš-e râst-afrâz

Fr.: nutation en ascension droite   

Same as → equation of the equinoxes.

nutation; → right ascension.

nutator
  لنگارنده   
langârande

Fr.: nutateur   

A drive mechanism used to move a radar beam in a circular, spiral, or conical path periodically.

Agent noun of → nutate.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>