An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

A plan or schedule of activities, procedures, etc., to be followed.
Computers: A precise sequence of instructions in a programming language that tells a computer to perform a task.

From L.L. programma "proclamation, edict," from Gk. programma "a written public notice," from the stem of prographein "to write publicly," from → pro- "forth" + graphein "to write."

Barnâmé, originally "model, examplar; acount-book," from bar- "on; up; upon; in; into; at; forth; with; near; before; according to" (Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy "above; over, upon, according to;" Av. upairi "above, over," upairi.zəma- "located above the earth;" cf. Gk. hyper- "over, above;" L. super-; O.H.G. ubir "over;" PIE base *uper "over") + nâmé "letter; book" (Mid.Pers. nâmak "inscription; letter; book," related to nâm "name;" Mid.Pers. nâm; O.Pers./Av. nâman-; cf. Skt. nama-; Gk. onoma, onuma; L. nomen; PIE *nomen-).

Stars for the observation of which telescope time has been awarded.

→ program; → star.

A computer expert who carries out → programming.

Agent noun of the verb → program.

The process of writing, testing, debugging/troubleshooting, and maintaining the source code of computer programs.

Verbal noun of → program.

Barnâme-sâzi, from barnâmé, → program, + sâzi verbal noun of sâxtan, sâzidan "to build, make, fashion; to adapt, adjust, be fit" (from Mid.Pers. sâxtan, sâz-, Manichean Parthian s'c'dn "to prepare, to form;" Av. sak- "to understand, to mark," sācaya- (causative) "to teach").

Math.: A succession of numbers or quantities in which there is a constant relation between each member and the one succeeding it. See also → arithmetic progression, → geometric progression, → harmonic progression.

From O.Fr. progression, from L. progressionem "a going forward," from progressus, p.p. of progredi "go forward," from → pro- "forward" + gradi "to step, walk," from gradus "step."

Farâyâzi, from farâ-, → pro-, + yâzi, verbal noun of yâzidan "to stretch out the arms; grow up;" Parthian Mid.Pers. y'd "to reach a goal, come to, stretch out;" Av. yat- to reach, take one's place," yaiiata "places,' frā-iiatāt "has reached;" cf. Skt. yat- "to be in place, put in place, line up;" PIE base *iet- "to be in place."

1) (n.) A specific task or planned program of investigation, especially in scholarship.
2a) (v.) To propose, contemplate, or plan.
2b) To throw or cause to fall upon a surface or into space, as a ray of light or a shadow.
2c) To cause (a figure or image) to appear, as on a background.
2d) Geometry: To transform the points of one figure into those of another by a correspondence between points.

1) From L. projectum "something thrown forth," noun use of neuter of projectus, p.p. of projicere "to stretch out, throw forth," from → pro- "forward" + combining form of jacere (p.p. jactus) "to throw."
2) From L. projectus, as above.

Farâšândan, from farâ- "forward," → pro- + šândan, from ešândan "to eject," from Hamadâni ešândan "to throw out," Laki owštan "to throw, to shoot (with bow and arrow);" Lori šane "throwing," šane kerde "to throw;" Av. ah- "to throw," present ahya- "throws," asta- "thrown, shot," astar- "thrower, shooter;" cf. Khotanese ah- "to throw, shoot," Skt. as- "to throw, shoot," ásyati "throws," ásana- "throw, shot," asanā- "missile."

A person who directs a project.

→ project; → director.

A person who is responsible for directing and controlling the work and staff of a project.

→ project; → manager.

The → angular velocity of a star deduced from the → rotational broadening of its → spectral lines. It is expressed as v sini, where i is the → inclination of the rotational axis with respect to the normal to the → plane of the sky. The real equatorial rotational velocity can be determined only if the inclination of the rotational axis is known.

Projected, p.p. of → project; → rotational; → velocity.

A body projected or impelled forward, as through the air.

From Mod.L. projectilis, from L. projectus, p.p. of proicere; → project.

Partâbé, from partâb "a throw, an arrow that flies far," partâbidan "to throw," from Proto-Iranian *para-tau-, from *para- "forward," → pro- + *tau- "to throw, spread, sow;" cf. Tabari tâb "throwing," tâb dəən "to throw;" Chorasmian mftw- "to perish, be destroyed, disturbed;" Ossetic aeftawyn "to throw on; to increase; to pull out."

1) The act, process, or result of projecting.
2) The act of reproducing on a surface, by optical means, a remote image on a film, slide, etc.

Verbal noun of → project.

An apparatus for projecting an image from a film, a slide onto a screen.
A device for projecting a beam of light.

→ project + → -or.

Elongated in the direction of the polar diameter; opposed to → oblate

From L. prolatus, pt.p. of proferre "to bring forward, extend," from → pro- + → oblate.

Kešidé p.p. of Mod./Mid.Pers. kešidan, kašidan "to draw, protract, trail, drag, carry," dialectal Yaqnavi xaš "to draw," Qomi xaš "streak, stria, mark," Lori kerr "line;" Av. karš- "to draw; to plow," karša- "furrow;" Proto-Iranian *kerš-/*xrah- "to draw, plow;" cf. Skt. kars-, kársati "to pull, drag, plow;" Gk. pelo, pelomai "to move, to bustle;" PIE base k^wels- "to plow."

An ellipsoid produced by rotating an ellipse through 360° about its major axis. → oblate spheroid.

→ prolate; → spheroid.

The third closest satellite of Saturn, also known as Saturn XVI, orbiting at a distance of 139,350 km. It orbits Saturn in 0.613 days and acts as a shepherd moon to Saturn's F ring beyond it. It is irregularly shaped, 145 x 85 x 62 km. Prometheus was iscovered by S. Collins and others in 1980 from Voyager photos.

In Gk. mythology, Prometheus was a Titan who stole fire from Olympus and gave it to humankind, for which Zeus punished him horribly; son of Iapetus; brother of Atlas and Epimetheus. The name literally means "forethought," from from promethes "thinking before," from → pro- "before" + mathein "to learn," from enlargement of PIE base *men- "to think;" → idea for Pers. cognates.

Artificially produced radioactive chemical element; symbol Pm, the last of the rare-earths family elements to be discovered. Atomic number 61; mass number of most stable isotope 145; melting point 1,042°C; boiling point 3,000°C.

From → Prometheus. The name promethium was preferred to prometheum because most metallic elements have names ending in ium and eum would have caused problems.

A loop of hot, luminous gas in the Sun's → corona consisting of cool dense → plasma supported by magnetic fields. Prominences appear bright when seen against the cool blackness of space. When they are in silhouette against the disk they are known as → filaments. Their spectrum is dominated by lines of hydrogen, helium, and calcium. Prominences have temperatures of about 10,000 K, typical of the solar → chromosphere, and densities 100 times greater than the corona. There are → quiescent prominences and → active prominences.

From L. prominentia "a jutting out, protuberance," from prominere "jut or stand out," from → pro- "forward" + minere "to project."

Zabâné "tongue-like" (flame), from zabân "tongue; → language," + suffix -é.

1a) A declaration that something will or will not be done, given, etc., by one.
1b) An express assurance on which expectation is to be based.
2) To engage or undertake by promise; to make a promise (Dictionary.com).

M.E. promis(se), from O.Fr. promesse "promise, guarantee, assurance" and directly from L. promissum "a promise," from promittere "send forth; let go; assure beforehand, promise," from → pro- + mittere "to release; send."

Fargot, literally "word (say, saying) put forth," from far-, variant of farâ-, → pro-, + got, from gotan, gutan (as in Kurd. (Kurm.) gôtin, guhtin, (Sor.) gutin, Gilaki gutan, Shahmerzadi. -got- "to speak"), variant of goftan "to say, tell, utter," Mid.Pers. guftan; O.Pers. gaub- "to say."

Showing signs of future success (OxfordDictionaries.com).

→ promise; → -ing.

1) To further or encourage the progress or existence of.
2) To raise to a higher rank, status, degree, etc.
3) (Education) To advance (a pupil or student) to a higher course, class, etc.
4) To urge the adoption of; work for.
5) (Marketing) To encourage the sale of (a product) by advertising or securing financial support (FreeDictionary.com).

M.E. promoten, from O.Fr. promoter and directly from L. promotus, p.p. of promoverepro- "forward" + movere "to → move."

Farkašanidan, farkašan kardan, verb from farkašan, → promotion.