An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
pycnonuclear reaction
  واژیرش ِ چگال‌هسته‌ای   
vâžireš-e cagâl-hasteyi

Fr.: réaction pycnonucléaire   

A nuclear reaction that takes place at high densities and relatively low temperatures. Pycnonuclear reactions are almost temperature independent and occur even at zero temperature. These reactions are extremely slow at densities typical for normal stars but intensify with increasing density. For example, carbon burns into heavier elements at densities over 1010 g cm-3.

Pycnonuclear, from pycno- a combining form meaning "dense, thick," from Gk. pyknos "dense, solid" + → nuclear; → reaction.

Vâžireš, → reaction; cagâl-hasteyi, from cagâl, → dense, + hasteyi, → nuclear.

pyrheliometer
  آذرهورسنج   
âzarhursanj

Fr.: pyrhéliomètre   

General term for the class of → actinometers that measure the intensity of solar radiation received on the surface of the Earth. It functions by converting the heat of the sunlight into a voltage using a device called a thermopile, and a recording voltmeter.

From pyr-, from → pyro- + → heliometer.

pyrite
  پیریت   
pirit (#)

Fr.: pyrite   

A yellow → mineral which is an iron sulfide (FeS2). It is a source of → sulfur and is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid.

M.E., from O.Fr. pirite, from L. pyrites, from Gk. pyr "fire," → pyro-, + → -ite.

pyro-
  آذر-   
âzar-

Fr.: pyro-   

A prefix meaning "fire, heat, high temperature," used in the formation of compound words. → pyrheliometer; → pyrometer.

From Gk. pyro-, combining form of pyr "fire," cognate with O.E. fyr, O.N. fürr, M.Du. vuur, Ger. Feuer), from PIE *paewr-; cf. Mod.Pers. Lori porpor "blazing charcoal," Gilaki bur, biur "smokeless red fire" (Lori perisk, periska "spark," Kurd. biriske "spark," Lârestâni pelita "spark"); Gk. pyr "fire;" Hitt. pahhur "fire;" Skt. pū- "to cleanse."

&ACIRC;zar, variants âtaš, taš "fire," from Mid.Pers. âtaxš, âtur "fire;" Av. ātar-, āθr- "fire," singular nominative ātarš-; O.Pers. ātar- "fire;" Av. āθaurvan- "fire priest;" Skt. átharvan- "fire priest;" cf. L. ater "black" ("blackened by fire"); Arm. airem "burns;" Serb. vatra "fire;" PIE base *āter- "fire."

pyrometer
  آذر‌سنج   
âzarsanj (#)

Fr.: pyromètre   

A device used for measuring high temperatures. By comparing a source whose temperature is to be measured to a standardized source of illumination, it determines the temperature of the former source.

pyro- + → -meter.

pyroxene
  پیرکسن   
piroksen (#)

Fr.: pyroxène   

One of the major groups of silicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks. Pyroxene minerals are also common in meteorites. There are many different types of pyroxene. All of the types contain Si2O6 but some have sodium (Na) while others have iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), or a combination of these three elements.

From → pyro- "fire," + xeno- a combining form meaning "alien, strange, guest," from Gk. xenos "stranger, guest." Pyroxene was originally supposed to be a foreign substance when found in igneous rocks.

Pythagorean theorem
  فربین ِ پوتاگوراس، ~ فیساغورس   
farbin-e Pythagoras, ~ Fisâqures

Fr.: théorème de Pythagore   

The proposition that the → square of the → hypotenuse of a → right triangle is equal to the → sum of the squares of the other two sides: a2 + b2 = c2.

After Pythagoras (c570 BC-c495BC), Greek philosopher and mathematician; → theorem.

Pythagorean triple
  سه‌تایه‌ی ِ پوتاگوراس، ~ فیساغورس   
setâye-ye Pythagoras, ~ Fisâqures

Fr.: triplet de Phythagore   

Any group of three → integers that satisfy the relations specified by the → Pythagorean theorem. Some examples: 3, 4, and 5; 5, 12, and 13; 8, 15, 17.

Pythagorean theorem; → triple; → triplet.

Pyxis
  قطب-نما   
qotb-namâ (#)

Fr.: Boussole   

The Compass Box. A faint constellation in the southern hemisphere, at 9h right ascension, 30° south declination, representing a mariner's compass. Its brightest star, Alpha Pyxidis, is magnitude 3.7. Abbreviation: Pyx; genitive: Pyxidis.

L. pyxis, from Gk. pyxis "box."

Qotbnamâ literally "pole indicator," from qotb, → pole, + namâ "displayer, indicator," from nemudan "to show" (Mid.Pers. nimūdan, nimây- "to show," from O.Pers./Av. ni- "down; into" (Skt. ni "down," nitaram "downward," Gk. neiothen "from below," cf. E. nether, O.E. niþera, neoþera "down, downward, below, beneath," from P.Gmc. *nitheraz, Du. neder, Ger. nieder; PIE *ni- "down, below") + māy- "to measure;" cf. Skt. mati "measures," matra- "measure;" Gk. metron "measure;" L. metrum; PIE base *me- "to measure").

Q index
  دیشن ِ Q   
dišan-e Q

Fr.: indice Q   

In the Johnson → UBV system, a reddening-free parameter which is related to the → effective temperature of stars and thus provides a useful, but rough, discriminant for → spectral types. It is expressed as: Q = (U - B) - 0.72 (B - V).

index.

quadrangle
  چهارگوشه، چارگوش   
cahârgušé, cârguš

Fr.: quadrilatère   

A two-dimensional figure that consists of four points connected by straight lines. Same as → tetragon; see also → quadrilateral.

L.L. quadrangulum, noun use of neuter of L. quadrangulus, quadriangulus "four-cornered," from quadr- variant of quadri- before a vowel "four," akin to quattuor, → four, cognate with Pers. cahâr, as below; → angle.

Cahârgušé, cârguš "four-cornered," from cahâr, câr "four," cognate with L. quattuor, → four, + gušé, guš "corner, angle;" Mid.Pers. gôšak "corner."

Quadrans Muralis
  چارکان   
Cârakân

Fr.: Quadrant   

An obsolete → constellation created by the French astronomer Jérôme Lalande in 1795. He named it such for the main astronomical instrument, that is → mural quadrant, he used. Quadrans Muralis was located between the constellations → Boötes and → Draco. The name disappeared from astronomical catalogs, but the → meteor showerQuadrantids has kept that name.

mural quadrant.

quadrant
  چارَکان   
cârakân

Fr.: quadrant   

1) A quarter of a circle; an arc of 90°.
2) Any of the four parts into which a plane is divided by a pair of rectangular axes.
3) An instrument, usually containing a graduated arc of 90°, formerly used in astronomy and navigation to measure the angles and altitudes of stars. → mural quadrant.

M.E., from L. quadrantem (nominative quadrans) "fourth part."

Cârakân, from cârak + -ân. Cârak "quarter," literally "fourth, a fourth part of one," from câr, variant of cahâr, → four, cognate with L. quattuor, + -ak, contraction of yak "one," from Mid.Pers. êwak (Proto-Iranian *aiua-ka-); O.Pers. aiva- "one, alone;" Av. aēuua- "one, alone" (cf. Skt. éka- "one, alone, single;" Gk. oios "alone, lonely;" L. unus "one;" E. one); -ân nuance suffix.

Quadrantids
  چارکانیان   
Cârakâniyân

Fr.: Quadrantides   

An annual → meteor shower reaching a peak about 3 January and having its → radiant in the constellation → Boötes.

From L. Quadrant-, from Quadrans Muralis , → mural quadrant.

quadratic
  چاروشی   
câruši

Fr.: quadratique   

Of or relating to or resembling a → square.
Of, relating to, or containing terms with powers no higher than the power of two.

Quadratic, adj. of quadrate, from L. quadratus p.p. of quadrare "to make square."

Câruši pertaining to câruš "square," from Av. caθruša- "four sides (of a four-sided figure)," from caθru- "four," Mod.Pers. cahâr, câr "four," cognate with L. quattuor, → four.

quadratic equation
  هموگش ِ چاروشی   
hamugeš-e câruši

Fr.: équation quadratique   

An equation with the general form of ax2 + bx +c = 0, in which the highest power of the unknown is the second power (square).

quadratic; → equation.

quadratic formula
  دیسول ِ چاروشی   
disul-e câruši

Fr.: formule quadratique   

A formula relating the unknown part of a → quadratic equation (the roots of the equation, x) to the known parts (a, b, and c): x = (-b± (b2 - 4ac)½) / 2a.

quadratic; → formula.

quadrature
  ۱) چاروشش، چاروشی؛ ۲) نوَدان، چاروشش   
1) cârušeš, câruši; 2) navadân, cârušeš

Fr.: quadrature   

1) General: The process of making something square; the act of squaring.
2) Math.: The act or process of constructing a → square with an area equal to that of a specified surface, especially a surface bounded by a curve.
3) Astro.: The position of a planet or the Moon when it makes a 90° angle with the Sun as seen from Earth.

From L. quadratura, from quadrat(us) p.p. of quadrare "to make square."

1) Cârušeš verbal noun of cârušidan "to square," from câruš "square," from Av. caθruša-, → quadratic.
Câruši quality noun of câruš "square," as preceding.
2) Navadân, from navad "ninety," referring to the longitude difference of 90° (Mid.Pers. nawad; Av. nauuaiti- "ninety," from nauua- "nine" (Mod.Pers. noh); cf. Skt. navati- "ninety") + -ân suffix of place and time.

quadrature of the circle
  چاروشش ِ پرهون، ~ ِ دایره   
cârušeš-e parhun, ~ dâyeré

Fr.: quadrature du cercle   

Constructing a square whose area equals that of a given circle. This was one of the three geometric problems of antiquity. It was finally proved to be an impossible problem when π was proven to be transcendental by Lindemann in 1882. Same as → squaring the circle.

quadrature; → circle.

quadrilateral
  چهاربر، چاربر   
cahârbar (#), cârbar(#)

Fr.: quadrilatère   

A plane figure bounded by four straight lines.

From L. quadrilater(us) "four-sided," from L. quattuor, → four, + → lateral.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>